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Forty Years in Phrenology; 



EMBRACING 



EECOLLECTIONS 



HISTOKY, ANECDOTE, AND EXPEKIENCE. 



BY 

NELSON SIZEE, 

AUTHOR OP "CHOICE OP PURSUITS ; OR, WHAT TO DO AND WHY"-"H0TV TO 

TEACH; OR, PHRENOLOGY IX THE SCHOOL-ROOM AND THE FAMILY " — 

" THOUGHTS ON DOMESTIC LIFE ; OR, MARRIAGE VINDICATED 

AND FREE LOVE EXPOSED." 

Professor of Mental Science in the American Institute of Phrenology ; Associate 
Editor of the American Phrenological Journal, Etc. 



Facts of utmost value which ought to he crystallized in history to glitter like 
gems forever, are lost to the world for want of record. 



NEW YORK : ^^Ofwash^ g j5- 
FOWLER & WELLS, PUBLISHERS, 




V 17 1882J 
Ko-Z.42 k 



753 BROADWAY. 



tf 



•0 



Entered, according to Act op Congress, in the Year 1882, 

By NELSON SIZER, 

In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 



n-3tt*3 



EDWARD O. JENKINS, 

Printer avd Stcreotyper, 
20 North William Street, New York 



PREFACE 



The author spent ten years in the lecturing field as a 
Practical Phrenologist, viz : from 1839 to 1849, and in 
the latter year was called to become the resident ex- 
aminer in the office of Fowler & Wells, which po- 
sition he still occupies. During these forty-three years 
he has come into special professional relations with more 
than two hundred thousand persons, embracing every 
type of talent, character, and disposition, and specimens 
of every nation on the globe. He has been invited 
to visit schools and colleges, asylums for the insane, poor- 
houses and prisons ; rare and peculiar persons — those 
endowed with genius in special directions; the eccentric, 
those idiotic in whole or in part ; in fact, every odd, 
strange, and singular character has been hunted up and 
brought to test Phrenology or its exponent, and in 
many instances to gain hints for the better treatment 
and management of these peculiar cases. 

In all these experiences among the normal and the 
abnormal of the human race, many curious and inter- 
esting incidents have occurred which throng the mem- 
ory and demand recognition and record. This we do 

without giving a clew to the name or identification of 

■ (3) 



4 Preface. 

any person, unless the examinations occurred before a 
public audience and were there made public property, 
thus avoiding the violation of confidence in any case.. 
Some public characters are mentioned, but in a man- 
ner creditable to them, thus making these recollections 
a benefit to all and an injury to none. 

If these reminiscences shall tend to lead parents, 
teachers, managers of business, magistrates, and admin- 
istrators in the varied relationships of life to be more, 
judicious, considerate, and successful in their treatment 
of others ; and if the professional followers of Gall and 
Spurzheim shall be encouraged to utter the plain and 
valuable truths of their mission without fear or favor 
for the benefit of their patrons, and for the honor of the 
cause, the chief purpose for which they are written 
will be secured. 

New York, July 25, 1882. 



CONTENTS. 



PAGE 

Preface 3 

CHAPTER I. 
Introduction of Phrenology 

into America 9 

Spurzheiin's Visit to America. 11 
Phrenology in Amherst Col- 
lege 13 

The Fowlers enter the Field. . . 15 

CHAPTER II. 

First Experience in Lecturing. 16 

Very Hard Case ... 19 

Our First " Newspaper Puff " . 21 

Man Without Color 22 

How I Learned to Lecture 23 

Old-Time Methods 25 

Left-handed Appreciation. .... 27 

" Taking after his Father " . . . . 28 

Memories of Wilmington, Del. 28 

CHAPTER IH. 

The Second Tear in the Field. 29 

Harrison Campaign 80 

"Yankee Trick" 31 

Tried as by Fire 32 

Triumph « 33 

My First Written Character. . . 35 

Marriage with an Object 37 

Tne Country's Great Men 38 

CHAPTER IV. 
Buell & Sizer— Partnership 39 

Twin Girls— Remarkable Test. 40 

Sia nese Twins 42 

Pet of the Household Saved. . . 43 

Virginia — Harper's Ferry 47 

The Social Element in Religion 48 

Duplicate Examinations . 50 

Close Fit 51 

Double Test Examinations 53 

CHAPTER V. 

Campaign in New England 54 

Ordeal — Eclipse -Triumph .. . 55 

Blindfold Examinations 56 

Estimating Heads by Sight 57 

All t.e Graces and $20,000.... 59 

A u Catch " for Some One 60 

Inventory for a Wife. 61 

His Inventory 61 



PAGE 

I Hit or Miss— Which ? 62 

Timid Child Managed— a Test. 63 

Intellect Conquering Fear 65 

Victory Complete and Lasting. 66 

CHAPTER VI. 

Oration on Washington 67 

Geo. W. Rose " Provoking to 

Good Work" 68 

E. H. Chapin's Prophecy 69 

East Hampton, Mass 70 

Mt. Tom and the Conn. Valley 71 

The Oldest Woollen Factory. . 72 

A Spoiled Child— How Done. . 73 

Married, but not Mated 75 

Color-Blindness 76 

Keen Woman to Deal with 77 

Injury of Brain — Proof of Phre- 
nology 78 

Dr. Williams' Report 79 

Tough Test on a Skull 81 

Triumph and a Convert 82 

The Tables Turned 83 

Mistake — its Lesson 84 

Unselfish Thief 85 

Money-Loving, Honest Deacon 86 

Test Examination in Jail 87 

CHAPTER VII. 

Experience iu Insane Asylum. 88 

Dr. Rockwell and his Charge.. 89 

Crazy for the Presidency 90 

Peculiarities of the Insane 91 

Putney, Vt., the Perfectionists 92 

Two Memorable Ministers 93 

Trick that didn't Work 94 

Embodied False Pretense 95 

Shabby Genteel 96 

Fibers' of Brain or no Fibers. . . 97 

Lawyer's Wisdom Corrected. . 98 

Brain, showing Fibers 100 

The World Moves 101 

CHAPTER VIII. 

Resemblance to Parents 102 

Duttonsville, Vt 105 

Wool Sorters 1 Skill 105 

Vermont State Prison 106 

" Works Meet for Repentance " 107 
Ascutney Mountain . 109 

(5) 



Contents. 



PAGE 

CHAPTER IX. 

Phreno-Magnetisrn 110 

A Lady Magnetized Ill 

Startling Experiments 113 

Mr. Leslie Magnetized 114 

Dramatic Mental Exaltation... 115 

" Stranger than Fiction " 116 

Mistake Corrected 117 

Double Blindfold Examinations 118 

A Spotted Man 118 

Phreno-Magnetic Experiment?. 119 

Explanation of the Subject 121 

Fair Test of a New Thing 132 

Better than Theatricals 124 

The Magnetic State 125 

Exciting the Faculties 126 

CHAPTER X. 
Phreno-Magnetism Practical.. 128 

Curious Experiments 129 

Exciting the Mental Organs . . . 130 

Wonders of Mental Lite 132 

How I Learned to Set Type . . . 134 

CHAPTER XL 

New Departure 135 

Buell & Sizer Separate 135 

Lectures in Collinsville 135 

Temperers Need Color 136 

"Moving" Discourse 137 

Over Enfield Falls 138 

Old Stage Traveling 139 

An Exasperating Calm 140 

Old and Pleasant Memories . . . 144 

Spafford, Charles 145 

Strange and Droll Coincidences 145 

Latin under Difficulties 146 

Cheek " Gone to Seed " 147 

CHAPTER XII. 

Waterbury, Conn 149 

The Model " Landlord " 150 

Early Rubber Process 151 

Hard Work of a Phrenologist.. 153 

Governor and a Judge 154 

Meriden, Connecticut 155 

Changes, Precious Memories.. 156 

CHAPTER XIII. 

Birmingham, Conn 157 

The Unforgetable 157 

The Kellogga 158 

Wonderful Truth of Fiction.. .. 1G0 

CHAPTER XIV. 

Danburv, Conn 161 

Drollest People iu the World. . 162 



PAGE 

Barnum's Beginnings 163 

Leap-Year Episode 164 

Sandwich Island Mission ...... 166 

Wonderful Swimmers 167 

Great Rogue 168 

CHAPTER XV. 

Located in My Own Home 169 

The Taukee Clock-Maker 171 

My First Class 172 

Phrenology in the Pulpit '.... . 172 

j The Taukee Clock 173 

i Glastonbury, Connecticut 174 

Portland Brown Stone 174 

Dignity and Democracy 176 

Hall Built bv a Joke 177 

Hard Professional Work 178 

CHAPTER XVI. 
Rockville Memorable 179 

How to Obtain Subscribers 180 

History of Phren. Journal. . . . 181 

Incidents Worth Recording 182 

Multitude of Counsellors.'. .... 183 
Toang Girl's Narrow Escape . 184 
Romantic Conjugality of a Wife 185 
Peculiar Love for Husband 186 

CHAPTER XVII. 
Westfield, Mass., my Mecca.. 187 

North Portland, Conn 187 

Insanity Cured by Phrenology. 188 

Singular Case of Insanity 189 

Woleotlville, Conn 190 

Winsted, Conn 190 

A Model Honest Man 191 

Connecticut State Prison 193 

Celebrated "Crowbar Case".. 193 
Closiug of Buell & Sizer 196 

CHAPTER XVIII. 

Biography of P. L. Buell 197 

J. M. Graves— Funny Facts.. . 262 

Double-shotted Fun 20# 

Colic and Conscience 205 

A Good Bargain.. 206 

CHAPTER XIX. 

New Year' 206 

Plain Talk 208 

Farmington, Conn 209 

Singular Audience 210 

Villain Dyed in the Wool 210 

Southington, Conn 211 

The Way it Worked 212 

Lucy and the Boots 213 



Contents. 



PAGE 

Dickinson, the Artist 215 

Essex, Naugatuck, Goodyear.. 216 

CHAPTER XX. 

Birth of a Son . 217 

Bodv loo Small for Head 218 

Balnvay, N. J., Dr. Comstock. 219 
New Jersey Peculiarity 220 

CHAPTER XXL 
Lectures at Avon & Bloom field. 222 
Simsburv, Windsor, Suffield . . 2:23 

Columbia, Conn 224 

First Set Temperance Speech.. 225 
Hebron, Conn., Memorable ... 226 
Amhor of the "Blue Laws ". . 227 
Town Pump for a Cannon 228 

CHAPTER XXII. 

Life in New York Begun 229 

New Surroundings and Duties. 280 
First Lecture to the American 

Phrenological Society 281 

Death of Spurzheim 210 

CHAPTER XXIII. 

Work that Tests a Man 249 

Hon. Nicholas P. Trist 250 

Treaty of Peace with Mexico.. 251 

Rare " Treat "-One such Man . . 252 

Man with 100 Questions 258 

A Wise Teacher 254 

Sadness Lightened 255 

CHAPTER XXIV. 
The Quaker Widow's Surprise. 256 

Better Late than Never 257 

Life Saved — Balance Restored. 258 
A " Take Down " that Built Up 259 

A Bad Man Saved 260 

A Real Convert 261 

Rough Kindness — a Struggle 

for Life 262 

Lovers of Home and of Land. . 263 
Talent Disguised — a "Singed 

Cat" 264 

CHAPTER XXV. 

Why Do Children Die ? 265 

A Mother's Questions 266 

Wrong Feeding of Children. . . 267 

Risftt Food for Children 268 

Old-Time Larue Families 269 

" You Dou't Tell our Faults ! " 270 

Elopement, its Consequences. . 217 

Student at Sixty-seven 272 



PAGE 

CHAPTER XXVI. 

Warm vs. Cold Bathing 273 

Bathing Infants 274 

Bathing Dirty Heads 276 

Boy's Brain Overworked 277 

Broken Down 278 

Man Worth Saving, Saved . . . 279 

CHAPTER XXVII. 

Capt. Samuels, Master of Mu- 
tiny on the Ship DreadnaugM 281 
Examination of Capt. Samuels 283 
A Master Any where 284 

The "Eleven Obstinate Jurors" 285 

Young Children Examined .... 286 

Phrenology <fc Dutch Farmer.. 287 

Man who " Joined Issue " 28S 

CHAPTER XXVIII. 

Intuition — Snap Judgments. . 289 

Guessing at Weight*. . .' 290 

Dentistry and Sculpture 29 L 

Richest Kind of Pay 292 

Jealousy Nipped in the Bud. . . 293 

He Did 'not Own His Child ... 294 

A Woman Shoemaker 295 

Trades Selected "for Bovs 295 

Sharp Trial and Triumph .... 296 

Merchant, Seven Years Old 297 

Fit Partnership— Men Matched 298 

Unlikeness Harmonized 299 

CHAPTER XXIX. 

The Philadelphia Office 300 

Spare the Rod, Save the Child. 301 

Quaker Treatment 302 

Badness Cured 303 

An Episcopalian Quaker .... 805 

Fear Turned his Hair White. . . 306 

Unmarried Step-mother 307 

She Borrowed a Baby 308 

John Brown 309 

Advice Neglected and Revived 309 

CHAPTER XXX. 

Masculine Step-mothers 310 

Blindfold Examinations 312 

Love of Life and Insanity 313 

Insanity Cured by Phrenolog- 
ical Examination 314 

A Child with a Load to Carry . 315 

A Millionaire at Twenty-eight. 316 

Good Advice Neglected 317 

A Dropped Stitch Recovered. . 317 

Uncoined Reward. ..,..'. 318 

They Followed Directions 318 



Contents. 



PAGE 

CHAPTER XXXI. 
Artists With and Without Color 319 

Church and Rouse, Artists 320 

Thanks, Rich, but Deferred. . . 321 

Malaria, Why so Prevalent 322 

A Winter Apple Well Ripened. 323 
Eight Precious Tears Wasted. . 324 

Better Late than Never 325 

He Must have Known You 326 

Garfield's Head Examined 327 

CHAPTER XXXII. 

JTobbs, the Lock-Picker 328 

Duke of Wellington and Hobbs 329 

Truth will Cut its Bigness : 30 

Extracts from a Character 331 

Ex-Rev. Geo. C. Miln 331 

Who was Right ? 332 

Large Perception — Smartness . 333 
Delicate Criticism and Test . . . 334 
Springfield Party Examined. . . 335 

CHAPTER XXXIII. 
A Lady's Fortunate Escape. . . 336 
Inherited Fondness for Metal.. 3o7 
Liver Complaint, Causes, Cure. 338 

Why am ] Bilious ? 339 

Economy of Things Wasted... 340 

A Pig in a Bag— Locality 341 

Interesting Letter 343 

Apples of Gold in Pictures of 
Silver 343 

CHAPTER XXXIV. 
Visitors at the Phrenological 

Cabinet .'.... 344 

How can you Bead Skulls ? . . . 345 
Good Energy and Poor Hope.. 346 
Passagesin a Written Character 347 

Her View of It 347 

Catholic Priest 348 

American Institute of Phre- 
nology 348 

Act of Incorporation 349 

Work of the Institute 350 

CHAPTER XXXY. 

Health Laws Applied 351 

College Student Saved — Can I 

Study ? 352 

Ladies Weighing 220 lbs. and 

260 lbs 353 

Fat People Reduced— The Thin 

Made Plump 354 

Gained 32 lbs. in 85 days , 355 

Phrenology applied to Children 356 



PAGE 

Girl Killed bv Study 357 

Bad Child Reformed 358 

Many Saved by Phrenology . . . 359 • 

CHAPTER XXXVI. 

General Custer 360 

Phrenology and Religion £62 

Infidels Converted "by Phre- 
nology 363 

From Infidelity to the Pulpit.. 364 

Is Conscience Innate ? 365 

Facts Overrated or Wrongly 

Rated— Which ? ... 368 

The " Bungler " got a Patent.. 369 
He Undervalued Himself 370 

CHAPTER XXXVII. 

Principles of Phrenology 372 

Quality of Organization 373 

Temperaments 374 

Motive Temperament 374 

Vital Temperament 375 

Mental Temperament 376 

Balance, or Harmony of Tem- 
perament 377 

Lymphatic 373 

CHAPTER XXXVIII. 

The Founder of Phrenoloirv.. . 379 

Dr. F. J. Gall .... 380 

Dr. J. G. Spurzheim 381 

Geo. Combe 382 

Dr. Charles Caldwell 383 

True Mode of Studying the 

Head 384 

Not Bumps, but Distances .... 385 

Sir Win. Hamilton 386 

Dr. Sewell 387 

Development Illustrated 888 

Contrasts in Heads 390 

Four Heads of Diverse Form. . 391 

Form and Growth of Head 393 

Growth of Head Illustrated. . . 393 
Phrenology as a Science.. . .*. . . 394 

CHAPTER XXXIX. 

True Brain Development 396 

Camper's Facial Angle 397 

New Facial Angle 398-401 

Thirty-three Years' Work 40i 

Fraternal Words 403 

Phrenological Head 405 

Definition of the Mental Facul- 
ties 404-408 

Index 409^13 



FORTY YEARS IN PHRENOLOGY. 



CHAPTEE I. 

INTRODUCTION OF PHRENOLOGY IN AMERICA. 

Human character is the greatest fact in human history, 
and any assistance in learning to read it correctly is a 
most important matter to all who live among men. 

The gloomy hermit may retire from mankind to con- 
template the character of God, brood over past sins, and 
avoid temptation ; but since man is made to live with 
mankind, and can not be ripened into w r ell - rounded 
character without the aids and attritions resulting from 
contact with others, the study of man is a subject of the 
highest interest and has been the leading idea of the 
thoughtful of every age. 

Many methods have been devised to comprehend hu- 
man character. Some have studied the stars to predi- 
cate man's destiny — some study the lines of his hands to 
ascertain his disposition— others study the features, if 
haply they may penetrate the character, ascertain the 
talents, and divine the motives. 

The Phrenologist studies the brain as the center of 
mental and physical power ; he takes into account the 
Temperament (or physical constitution) as the basis of 
quality and health ; he studies all that face, form, 
motion, and expression may reveal. In fact, all there is 
i* (9) 



10 Forty Years in Phrenology. 

to man from head to foot are servants of the brain and 
mind, and character is the result. This mode of read- 
ing character is thus founded in the human constitution 
itself, and is susceptible of clear and philosophical ex- 
planation and proof, amounting to demonstration. 

Fifty years ago people asked : " Is Phrenology true ? " 
Now they ask, in regard to its uses, " Does it benefit 
mankind ? " 

In America the people ask for facts. They think 
they can make the proper inferences. 

If the history of one in a hundred of the interesting 
cases which come to our knowledge in a constant prac- 
tice of Phrenology for more than forty years could be 
stated, people would cease to ask : " What is the prac- 
tical use of Phrenology ? " 

Every day there comes to us the history of very re- 
markable cases. Some man, influenced by our advice, 
has been reclaimed from a restless, vagabond life, and 
led to honor and self-respect. Another, advised to give 
up a business quite unsuited to him, has been put upon 
a better path, and success and the happiness born of 
success have come to him and his. Orphan boys have 
been guided by us to usefulness and honor when they 
had no one to advise and protect them. 

Then there are numerous droll and queer experiences 
which fall out in the phrenological treatment of peculiar 
people ; there are such varieties in human genius, talent, 
weakness, and innocent eccentricity as, if properly stated, 
would afford endless entertainment and instruction. 

In the free and familiar treatment due to personal 
reminiscences there must be a constant tendency to an 
egotistical form of statement. But difficult as it may 



Spurzheim's Visit and Death. 11 

be to avoid this, it should be remembered that a spirit 
of egotism may attend any writer who sets up his 
opinions as the best, and seeks by history and logic 
to lead his readers to join him in his specific form of 
thought. It may, perhaps, be said, that no man has a 
right to appear in print unless he has something to say 
which he thinks others. ought to know, and that he be- 
lieves he can say acceptably and usefully. 

It may be impossible to adopt a faultless method in 
selecting and presenting matter connected with more 
than forty years of experience in a profession at once 
peculiar and difficult. Whatever defect may be recog- 
nized in the historical outline of our work, we hope it 
will at least sparkle with anecdotes which crop out in 
the daily experience of the Phrenologist, rich in interest 
for all, and therefore too good to be lost ; and while 
names and places and dates will rarely be given in 
connection with anything not favorable to the subject, 
and seldom even then, we beg to vouch for the truth of 
every statement. 



In 1832 Dr. Spnrzheim landed in America to teach 
the new doctrine of Phrenology, and was received by 
the learned world with high respect, mingled, in some 
minds, with fear and distrust/ Those who heard his 
lectures were charmed by the grace and dignity of his 
manner, and convinced by the strength and vigor of 
his statements, and looked 'forward to the pleasant 
hope that a new and useful era had dawned on the 
study of mental philosophy. At the end of four 
months his noble life fell a sacrifice to overwork and 



12 Forty Years m Phrenology. 

the rigor of our climate, at Boston, Nov. 10, 1832. 
His sudden and lamented death at the threshold of a 
most promising career in the new world, lent a mel- 
ancholy interest to his lectures as reported and widely 
copied in the newspapers. It was by the perusal of 
these lectures that the writer, when lie was twenty 
years of age, became interested in the subject, the 
pursuit of which has become the work of his life. 

The subject of Phrenology was discussed in the news- 
papers pro and con ; students in colleges selected it as a 
topic of debate because, as they thought, it would fur- 
nish abundant material for the play of their powers of 
wit and ridicule. In Amherst College it was sought to 
give it the quietus in such a debate, and to do it most 
effectually, Henry Ward Beecher, then a student there, 
was allotted the side in the debate which was to settle 
the new subject forever. On the question, " Is Phrenol- 
ogy entitled to the name of Science ? " Beecher was 
placed as a disputant on the negative, because it was 
thought his wit and oratory would do the work, and at 
the same time furnish infinite merriment. 

When he came to prepare for the debate he found he 
needed to know something about the subject in contro- 
versy; that a hollow laugh about bumps, which might 
pass as wit on the campus, would not answer in a serious 
debate. Therefore he wisely resolved to send by stage 
to Boston for the works of Spurzheim and Combe, so 
that he might be informed as to the claims of the so- 
called science which his wit and skill were expected to 
demolish. The books came, and the ardent youth 
launched into their contents and soon found he had been 
assigned to a task he was unable to perforin. He sought 



Phrenology tn Amherst College. 13 

and obtained an adjournment of the debate for two 
weeks, at the end of which, he made one of the ablest 
speeches he had ever been heard to utter, not against, 
but in favor of the science. His classmates and the 
faculty, for the interest had brought out the whole col- 
lege and the cream of the town, were amazed, and the 
subject was permitted to go by default. The negative 
was vanquished, and Beecher was triumphant. After 
the debate Beecher asked a classmate who had expressed 
much interest in the subject : " Fowler, would you like 
to read my Phrenological works ? " " Yes, indeed," 
was the eager reply, and thus the name of Fowler and 
Phrenology then and there became wedded. 

In speaking with me on this subject many years ago, 
Mr. Beecher said he did not know of any better use he 
could make of those books, which he still possessed, than 
to present them to the New York Phrenological estab- 
lishment as the germ of Practical Phrenology in America. 

Mr. Beecher has wonderful genius in handling any 
subject which he undertakes to set forth, but his chief 
ability is manifested in his sermons and in his lectures 
where talent and character and disposition are the theme 
of discourse. In such a field his knowledge of Phrenol- 
ogy is the key to his power over men, for then he talks 
direct to faculty, and as he rapidly goes 

"From grave to gay, from lively to severe," 

men feel touched in their strongest or weakest points, 
and seem to think he knows them through and through. 
The late Samuel P. Wells once asked Mr. Beecher, 
(i What advantage he had derived from a knowledge of 



14 Forty Years in Phrenology. 

Phrenology, as a preacher?" The answer was instant 
and characteristic, and in substance as follows : 

" If I were the owner of an island in mid-ocean and 
had all tools, apparatus and appliances, books to cul- 
tivate the soil, manufacture, cook, and carry on life's 
affairs in comfort and refinement, and some dark night 
pirates should come and burn my books, musical instru- 
ments, works of art, furniture, tools, and machinery, 
and leave me the land and the empty barns and house, 
I should be, in respect to the successful carrying on of 
my affairs, in very much the same plight that I should 
be as a preacher if Phrenology and all that it has 
taught me of man, his character, his wants, and his 
improvement, were blotted from my mind." 

AYe have heard him speak quite as strongly in favor 
of the subject in his pulpit, perhaps twenty times, and 
the keenest of his expositions of character have Phre- 
nology as a basis, though the general listener might not 
notice it. 

Elsewhere he said deliberately in writing : 

" All my life long I have been in the habit of using 
Phrenology as that which solves the practical phenom- 
ena of life. I regard it as far more useful, practical, 
and sensible thau any other system of mental philoso- 
phy which has yet been evolved. Certainly Phrenol- 
ogy has introduced mental philosophy to the common 
people." 

Those students of Amherst College of the class of 
1834 who sought to crush the young science at a single 
blow, may have become distinguished in their several 
chosen fields, but none have made a wider reputation 
than has been achieved by their classmate whose works 



The Fowlers Enter the Field. 15 

on Phrenology made him its friend, and those young men 
who borrowed the books after they had so well served 
the purpose of their owner. 

The brothers Fowler, the elder being in college 
and the younger in the Amherst Academy, entered 
upon the study of Phrenology on obtaining for that 
purpose the books from Beecher, and by their enthu- 
siastic love of the subject soon became known among 
their associates as Phrenologists, and commenced giv- 
ing public lectures and making phrenological examina- 
tions when they left Amherst in 1834. The public 
demanded some record of their estimate of the size of the 
organs in the heads they examined, and the chart was 
produced first as a slip, then a sheet, afterward a pam- 
phlet, and later a book of two hundred pages, and thus 
practical Phrenology was begun and established. Many 
of course were opposed to Phrenology ; tried every 
conceivable means fair and unfair to balk its advocates 
and to bring them and their subject into disrepute by 
detecting errors and mistakes in their delineations. 

A considerable number of persons entered the lectur- 
ing field soon after, but most of them, in a few years, 
entered the professions of law, theology, or medicine, or 
adopted some position in business, and did not long 
remain identified with Phrenology. 

In 1838, two friends of mine, P. L. Buell and ¥m. 
H. Gibbs of Massachusetts, became associated in lectur- 
ing on the science, and after traveling in company for 
a few months, each took his separate way. The next 
year, 1839, Mr. Gibbs, who was a neighbor of mine, 
knowing that I had been reading on Phrenology 
for years and was deeply interested in it, proposed that 



16 Forty Year* in Phrenology. 

I join him in lecturing, and this relation, thus pleasantly, 
formed, existed until the close of December, 1840. AVe 
worked together in the larger places, and separated for 
short periods in the smaller places, meeting once or 
twice a month, and during the year many interesting 
and varied experiences occurred, some of which if in- 
serted, may interest the reader. 



CHAPTEE II. 

MY FIRST EXPERIENCE IN LECTURING. 

Our commencement was at Morristown, N. J. I had 
heard two lectures on Phrenology by J. M. Graves, 
at my home in Massachusetts, two years before, and one 
lecture by Mr. Gibbs at Morristown, as the opening of 
our business and professional career together. 

Preferring to try my wings alone, I left my associate, 
with his approval, and went to Mendham, some seven 
miles westward, and secured the venerable brick Acad- 
emy for a single lecture. As the time approached for 
the solemn denouement, none but those who have had 
similar experience could understand my state of mind 
if explained, and others could not understand it if it 
could be described. 

The bell rang, as usual on such occasions, and as I 
walked gravely up to the Academy, the bell was duly 
tolled, my heart, meantime, giving twenty boats to one 
of the bell, and, to me, sounding about as loudly. As 
the hands of my watch touched the appointed moment, 
I rose to commence, for I was eager to begin and have 



My First Experience in Lecturing. 17 

it over with, either by success or failure. The audience 
having paid twelve and a half cents a head, may be pre- 
sumed not to have been very large. I was too much 
embarrassed to look closely, but, from timid glances, felt 
pretty sure there were as many souls as Noah had in 
his ark, and therefore worth saving. I had a phreno- 
logical bust, a cast of the brain, and two human skulls, 
and several small animals' skulls on the desk. More- 
over, I had my lecture written, and though pretty 
familiar with it, I dared not lift my eyes fully from its 
pages to face my audience. I felt sure the matter of 
the lecture was sound, for its line of argument had not 
strayed very far from that of Spurzheim and Combe, 
and I am still satisfied that it was read effectively if not 
gracefully ; but whenever I ventured, at the close of 
some strong period, to raise my eyes to the audience, 
there seemed to be a dark shadow filling the room and 
hiding everything from my view except within a circle 
just in front of me perhaps two yards in diameter. 
That space seemed full of bright, interested faces, and 
the fact that every eye was intently fixed on me caused 
my eyes instantly to drop to the manuscript to drive on 
with my argument. I have often wondered what my 
audience thought of so solid a discourse from so shaky 
a speaker. I have ever since imagined I knew some- 
thing of the meaning of the term " stage fright." One 
thing is certain, the whole affair had solemn dignity. 
The speaker knew his topic was important, and he tried 
to bear himself as if he were preaching a sermon ; be- 
sides, the tolling bell had signalized his grave approach 
to the rostrum, and filled the air with the fragrance of 
responsibility ; and during the long years since then 



18 Forty Teaes m Pheenology. 

that feeling of grave responsibility has never failed to 
go with me to the platform, and sometimes the sudden 
sense of it almost takes my breath. 

I made just two public examinations — the regulation 
number — and dismissed the meeting ; the measured tread 
of the retiring and silent auditors soon left the way clear 
for me to return to my hotel a lighter if not a much 
richer man, to be met, fortunately, on reaching there, 
with an earnest and cordial invitation to make some ex- 
aminations in the parlor for a sleighing party of young 
people who were spending the evening at the hotel. 
This bright, gay, gossipy party surrounded me, and I 
was hailed as Doctor, Professor, etc., and every hit I 
made was applauded by a merry shout. At the end of 
a pleasant and noisy hour, the leader asked me for my 
bill, and I was confused. I finally said that "in a 
pleasaut meeting of this sort, it seems better not to fix 
a price, but to leave those to decide it who have had the 
entertainment." So the gentlemen consulted, and soon 
brought to me, done up in a paper, a sum which felt 
heavy and seemed large, and which was gratefully ac- 
cepted. Retiring soon after, with a hot and weary head, 
I laid out upon the bed the avails of the first evening's 
work, including the door money ; then, stepping back, 
surveyed it and felt thankful and happy, with some 
doubt if so much money could have been fairly earned 
in so short a time. 

My second lecture was given at a place called Bask- 
ing Ridge, a rich and pleasant village a few miles south 
of Morristown, known at the time as the home of U. S. 
Senator Samuel L. Southard ; now known as one of the 
most charming places for summer residence, for those 



A Very IIakd Case. 19 

who would avoid the rush, hurry, and noise of popular 
watering places. Here I became more self-possessed, 
and was able to look the audience in the face. When, 
at the close of the discourse, the call was made for a 
subject for examination, 

A VEEY HARD CASE 

presented himself, and, as the man ascended to the 
platform and took his seat, I thought he had the worst 
head and face I had seen. He had a dark complexion ; 
his hair was black, coarse, and hard as wire ; the base 
of the brain, at Destructiveness, Combativeness, Secret- 
iveness, and Alimentiveness, was enormous; the fore- 
head was low, short, and narrow, and the top-head, 
where the moral organs are located, was very low and 
pinched. While I was thus taking in the general out- 
lines of this terrible character, I noticed that live or six of 
the most respectable men of the audience quietly left 
their seats, and, one by one, approached the plat- 
form, taking seats on the steps, or very near. I thought 
they felt interested and wanted to be very near to catch 
every word I might utter. 

The more I examined the more appalled I became in 
regard to "the utter depravity of the unfortunate sub- 
ject. I did not know what I could say that would not 
be likely to arouse his anger, and as he might be des- 
perate when angry, I concluded not to say what I must, 
if I proceeded. So I calmly turned to the audience, 
saying : " I prefer not to give an opinion of this man 
here and now, fearing the consequences if I do." 

A leading man, a deacon in the Presbvterian Church, 
and one of those who had advanced to the platform, 



20 Forty Years in Phrenology. 

instantly proposed that the lecturer be excused, and 
that another person, whom he designated, should come 
forward. 

The " hard '' case was politely thanked for his trouble in 
presenting himself, and dismissed. As he left the plat- 
form he gave me one satanic glance, and a grin of 
malignity at the audience, and shaking his head he left 
the house. 

Three years afterward, this same deacon approached 
me at the close of a lecture, two hundred miles from 
where the incident above related occurred, having 
changed his place of abode, and asked me if I remem- 
bered the circumstance, and added : " I was one who 
approached and remained near the platform, with the 
sole view of protecting you against that man's violence, 
in case he had taken offence at what you might have 
said. He had been five years in State prison for deadly 
assault, and had been released only a few days before 
your lecture, and some ill-advised person had induced 
him to attend the lecture and go forward for public ex- 
amination. Your saying that you dared not utter your 
opinion of him was the strongest proof that you had 
read your man correctly. He would have knocked you 
down with fist or chair if you had told him the truth, 
and we clustered around to protect you.' 1 

It so happened that this was the first intimation I 
had of the history of the man, as I left the place the 
next morning, for another appointment, before any one 
had the chance to tell me about the man who was toe 
bad to be examined. 

In addition to my one written lecture on " Phrenology 
as a science," I employed every leisure hour in writing a 



Our Fjrst "Newspaper Puff." 21 

lecture on " The Moral Nature of Man, Considered in 
the Light of Phrenology," and, when this was complet 
ed, we could alternate in a short course of lectures. In 
January, 1840, we gave unitedly a course at Belvidere, 
the county-seat of Warren Co., N. J., and we were 
listened to by some of the best citizens. Mr. Clauson, 
editor of the Warren Journal, was a leading man in 
the Methodist Church. He took a deep interest in our 
subject, and, when "class night" came, he was asked 
by a brother in the church if he was going to neglect 
his class meeting to attend the phrenological lecture. 
His reply was characteristic : " I must attend to Phre- 
nology while the opportunity is afforded. The class 
meeting is always available — the phrenological lecture 
is available to-day, but will not be to-morrow." He 
attended the lecture on class night and told us the cir- 
cumstances. After we had left town, he published, to 
our surprise and pleasure, in his paper, the Warren 
Journal, for January 14th, the following notice. We 
have had few better notices since — none certainly more 
welcome or less deserved. We had at least secured the 
confidence and courageous support and indorsement of 
one intelligent and good man. 

PHRENOLOGICAL LECTURES. 

" Messrs. Gibbs and Sizer have, during the past week, 
favored our citizens with a course of lectures on Phre- 
nology, and, by their clear -and cogent reasoning, their 
apt and telling illustrations, and, above all, by their 
public examination of some of our most prominent 
citizens, whom they have described to the life, they 
have convinced our people that Phrenology is not 'all 



22 A Max "Without Color. 

moonshine.' We wish them the best of success wher- 
ever they may go, and hope at no distant day to hear 
them again." 

Twenty years later a tine, portly gentleman, with 
silver in his locks, called at the phrenological rooms in 
New York for an examination, and when I had com- 
pleted it, and he gave his name, and his residence at 
Dayton j Ohio, I remarked that I had pleasant and 
grateful memories of a man by the name of Clauson, 
at Belvidere, !N". J., in 1810, and he then made himself 
known as the same man, and expressed glad astonish- 
ment to meet me. 

We soon after gave a course of lectures at Blooms- 
bury, jST. J. Here me met 

A MAN" WITHOUT COLOR. 

J. G. Richey we found to be deficient in the develop- 
ment of the organ of Color. He had, in other respects, 
large perceptive organs ; was a quick and keen observer 
of everything ; had excellent eyesight ; was an expert 
marksman and hunter, and said he could identify by 
form, size, and motion any bird he knew at long dis- 
tances, but he could not tell one color from another, 
could see only one hue in the rainbow, and all so-called 
colors looked to him as ashes did. Color to him was so 
much removed from white — a stain of darkness on the 
way toward black. 

He was known to everybody for this deficiency, and 
was brought forward for a test for Mr. Gibbs at his 
lecture before I came, and then introduced for me to 
examine in public at the close of my lecture: for, reach- 
ing the place but a few minutes before the lecture, I 



My First Eeal Lesson in Lecturing. 23 

had not even heard from Mr. Gibbs that he had ex- 
amined such a man, and, of course, he had no idea the 
man would be introduced again for me. This double 
test, so pointed and positive, made quite a stir in the 
town. 

HOW I LEARNED TO LECTURE. 

A gentleman from Asbury, some seven miles from 
Bloomsbury, desired me to lecture at his place, and he 
took some bills and agreed to advertise for a lecture on 
a given evening. 

I reached the place but a short time before the hour 
for the lecture, and found a crowd collected to listen to 
a discourse from a stranger on the new science. The 
room, though not large, was soon packed at a shilling 
admission, and I was excited with the idea of the re- 
sponsibility of the occasion, and more especially as I 
thought I saw in many of the faces the spirit of mis- 
chief. I had not before seen an audience crowd for a 
chance to pay their money and get in, and when every 
available seat was occupied, and all the standing room 
was filled, I proceeded to arrange on the table my ap- 
paratus, consisting of the phrenological bust, a cast of 
the brain, and several skulls, and was ready to begin. 
I slipped my manuscript lecture from the inside of the 
bust, and, opening it, behold ! it was a half-written 
lecture of my associate, and my lecture was seven miles 
away. 

Here was a nice fix ! I had read my only lecture per- 
haps twenty times ; some of its pages were nearly famil- 
iar enough to be recited from memory. I had not tried 
to lecture extemporaneously. If I broke down 1 would 



24 Forty Years in Phrenology. 

be derided, if not abused, and an explanation of the 
facts would not mend matters. Being thus excited and 
nerved up, and by this time having become used to 
audiences, and having learned to throw in collateral ex- 
planations, and being familiar with the scope, drift, and 
doctrine of my subject as embodied in the lecture, I 
looked squarely into the faces of my auditors and be- 
gan : 

" The subject, my friends, which has convened us — 
and I am sorry to see that some of you have no seats,- 
and it may be little consolation to you that I stand also 
— is not my subject; it is yours quite as much as it is 
mine. If true, it is useful, and you want it. If not 
true, the quicker you find it out the better, and let it 
be rejected. We will inquire, if you please, then, 
What is Phrenology ? What does it claim to teach ? 
In the first place, it teaches that the brain (of which 
this is a cast) is 'the organ of the mind. Each of you 
have a brain about the size of this, and all your powers 
of mind, memory, judgment, courage, force, pride, pru- 
dence, hope, or fear, grow out of its activity." 

By that time I was master of myself, my audience, 
and my subject. I could remember enough of my 
written lecture to follow the general line of its facts 
and arguments, and throw in familiar explanations, 
and at the end of an hour I was not yet two-thirds 
through with the framework of the material in hand ; 
but my audience had been fed, and was in the best of 
humor, and, for the first time, I had been frequently 
and roundly cheered. 

I was asked on the spot to give a second lecture on 
the next evening in the Academy, the best room in the 



Old-Time Methods. 25 

town. I accepted the invitation, and, when the time 
came, trusted to the inspiration of the hour and to a few 
rough notes prepared during the day to keep me on the 
line of a lecture on the Moral Nature of Man, which I 
had then about half written. At the close, they passed 
a vote of thanks, with the request that I would, some 
near future day, return and give a full course. 

When I got back to Bloomsbury I heard that the 
young bloods of Asbury had contemplated a row with 
the stranger, hence they paid their admission freely, 
and crowded the house. I had seen it in their eyes, 
and if I had read my lecture formally, as every time 
before, they probably would have broken my bust and 
skulls, and perhaps not permitted me to carry away my 
own head in a sound condition. But thanks to the 
careless accident which compelled me to talk and not 
read, and thanks for the good-will which led to the in- 
vitation to give a second lecture, and for the respectful 
attention it received, and, though I never thought of it 
till now, thanks for the liberal support they gave me ; 
and, lest I forget it, I may say I am very thankf ul I 
did not know, till I got away, that mischief had really 
been planned. At any rate, since that time I have been 
able to talk, and except in a single lecture — a peculiar 
one — I have never read a lecture. 

OLD-TIME METHODS. 

It was in those early days both easy and hard to con- 
duct a lecturing campaign ; easy, because the lecturing 
era had not then fairly set in, so that there was more 
hunger for lectures and less opportunity for compari- 
son and criticism than in later years ; hard, in this, that 



26 Pursuing Science Under Difficulties. 

it was more difficult to do the traveling. Railways 
were very few and stage routas not very plentiful. 
There was little traveling and mingling of the people 
beyond the immediate neighborhood — hence we often 
were obliged to seek special conveyance to reach the 
places where we were to lecture. 

I now remember that my associate left me at a place 
to give the last lecture of our course, and went twelve 
miles to Lambertville, ]ST. J., and having given three or 
four lectures there, advertised me to give a lecture on the. 
Moral Sentiments and their relations to Religion, on a 
particular evening. The deep snow having yielded to a 
warm rain and succeeding sunny weather, the roads 
in the valleys were miry and in some places overflowed 
by water. I must fill my appointment, and sought for 
a man to take me to Lambertville, but everywhere was 
told that no man would drive a team over such roads. 
The fact was that I must go, and the offer of large re- 
ward for a team to carry me had no effect. So I re- 
solved to walk, and carry my heavy valise. Being 
thickly dressed for winter, and the sun shining very 
warmly, and the walking the worst possible, it was a 
labor indeed. Often I stopped to hire a team, but no 
man would listen to the proposition, so on I waded in 
mud and water, sometimes crossing flooded places by 
walking on rail fences over wide sheets of water two 
feet deep, expecting every moment the treacherous 
fence might give way and bury me in the flood. This 
one fact gave me pluck and strength, viz : I had never 
failed in keeping an appointment or been one minute 
behind the time, and I pushed on resolutely, thus nerved 
for the task, to master the twelve miles. 



Left-Handed Appreciation. 27 

After dark, almost prostrated by fatigue, and wet 
through and through by perspiration, and my boots 
covered with clay - mud half up to the knees, I 
walked into and stood in running water to remove the 
mud from my boots, and thus I entered the town just 
in time to meet my anxious associate but ten minutes 
before the lecture hour. Taking a hasty lunch, for I 
needed it, I hurried to meet my waiting audience, and 
read my lecture on the Moral Nature of Man for the 
first time. I was so much exhausted by the labor of 
getting there that I could not keep in my mind more of 
my subject than just the sentence I was uttering. 1 
could feel the water whispering in my boots as I step- 
ped about, and feared others also would hear it. I 
asked my partner to relieve me by. making the public 
examinations. At the close of the lecture, which was 
given in the lecture-room of the Presbyterian church, 
the minister warmly thanked me for removing his ob- 
jections to Phrenology by allaying his fears in respect 
to its moral bearing. Thus I was rewarded for the 
great effort to get there and not break an engagement, 
and I have kept the spirit of this resolution for more 
than forty years. 

We crossed the Delaware ioto Pennsylvania, and 
found many friends among the descendants of the old 
Dutch settlers, and frequently some very droll things 
, occurred. 1 overheard one man whom I had examined 
telling a friend that the Phrenologist was a wonderful 
man, that he had told him he was very fond of a good 
dinner. "Now dots so. I care nodinffs for mine 
preakfast nor mine supper, but mine dinner, I eats zum, 
don't I \ " " The truth was, he was so full of whisky by 



28 "Taking After" His Father. 

supper-time he could eat nothing, and was so stupid at 
breakfast he. could take little besides his coffee, but by 
twelve o'clock he had just whisky enough down to 
make him very hungry. His habits proved that his 
Alimentiveness was his master, as my mode of state- 
ment was intended to be understood ; but he took the 
illustration of a principle as the central fact, and ap- 
plauded in the wrong place. 

TAKING AFTER HIS FATHER. 

During this first winter I was lecturing in Bucks 
County, Pa., and was one day examining a young 
farmer, in the midst of which an elderly man quietly 
entered the room and took a seat near the door. In 
the course of the delineation I remarked to the young 
man : " You take after your father very decidedly." 

" Yaw, yaw ! dot's so ; he dook after me last veek 
mit a glub." 

I instantly dropped the subject of heredity and pro- 
ceeded to give some homely and pungent advice on 
duty to parents, which we hope he profited by. 

We worked down the country west of Philadelphia 
as far as Wilmington, Del., and gave a course of lect- 
ures at the Academy of Natural Sciences. We met at 
our hotel, and got acquainted with, General Gaines 
and his plucky and popular wife, and in an examina- 
tion of her head attributed to her the tact, courage, and 
persistency which she has since manifested in her long 
litigation for her New Orleans property. We told her 
husband, laughingly, that she ought to be the general. 
We remember her fresh, young, hopeful face, and the 
confidence in the future revealed in her brilliant but 



The Second Year in the Field. 29 

generous eyes. She seemed very proud of the General, 
her venerable husband, and he idolized her as he would 
a petted child. 

Dr. Askew, then a young man, had charge of the 
public institutions located at Wilmington, and he in- 
vited us to go through the jail and almshouse, and the 
asylum for the insane, which may have been a section 
of the almshouse. I remember in the almshouse a tall, 
straight, powerful negress, who had enormous Self- 
esteem, and I turned to the doctor and asked why so 
strong, healthy, and proud a woman should be eating 
the bread of idleness and charity. He told her to put 
out her foot, which was in bandages from an injury, 
and he said it galled her pride to be subjected to a resi- 
dence and treatment at the public charge. 

Dr. Askew, who had been in constant charge of those 
public institutions from before 1839 until the time of 
his death, about 1880, had early looked into Phrenology 
and recognized in it an aid to guide him in the study 
and treatment of criminals and insane people. 



CHAPTEE III. 

THE SECOND TEAR IN THE EIELD. 

In the autumn of 1840, during the famous Harrison 
election campaign, I took a short lecturing trip alone, 
in Southern and Eastern Massachusetts. There seemed 
to be a feverish interest among the younger class of 
politicians to find out the political bias of every man, 
especially if he occupied, in any sense, a prominent or 



30 The " Hakrison Campaign." 

influential position. I soon saw that if I would do 
business with people who were thus wild with political 
excitement, I must so carry myself in my lectures and 
examinations that no man could tell that I favored one 
side. Hence I would use, in my lectures and public 
examinations, the pet phrases of each party without 
showing the slightest preference. And men on both 
sides would claim me, and some would foolishly wager 
that I was Whig or Democrat or Loco, as they were 
then called. Thus compelled to offend one half of the. 
people, or keep myself unrevealed, while yet talking 
strongly, I learned also in like manner how to evade 
religious denominationalism. Each church has its pet 
words, its shibboleth, and if these are employed in de- 
scribing character with wisdom and skill, men of each 
denomination, recognizing the favorite words pertain- 
ing to their own communion, and not noticing those 
relating to others, will be sure the lecturer belongs to 
their fellowship. Thus intelligent men of each of four 
denominations would insist that I must belong with 
them ; and three political parties would do the same. 
The Harrison campaign drove me to this circumspec- 
tion, and by studying the subject of sharply-deiined 
sectism, especially in ISTew England, I found it quite 
easy to avoid so talking in public as to reveal a prefer- 
ence. I did not travel to teach sectism in politics or 
religion, and if I carried good letters from the best men 
from town to town, and behaved myself decorously and 
morally before all people, and especially if I acquitted 
myself properly in that which I came to teach, it was 
really none of the public's business whether I voted for 
Van Buren or Harrison, or worshiped with Episcopa- 



A "Yankee Trick" that Didn't Work. 31 

lian, Baptist, Methodist, or Congregationalist. They 
all claimed me, but none found out. And from that 
day to this it has been a good discipline, yet easy, to 
mingle with mixed peoples and think of the good each 
sect and party has, and so to foster it as to avoid fric- 
tion. If one with a candid spirit will travel arid have 
pleasant relations with all classes of respectable people 
wlio honestly differ on collateral, but agree on essential 
topics, he will find excellent friends among all, and will 
reach the conclusion that one sect or party is almost as 
good as another, with, the single exception, perhaps, of 
his own. 



In the southern part of Worcester County I had 
given several courses of lectures, and had accepted an 

invitation to give a course in M , and had sent on 

my bills. One of the chief industries in this place was 
the manufacture of scythes. The chief man of the vil 
lage owned and run the scythe works, and, for the pur- 
poses of this statement, we will call him Esquire Jones. 
As the people in those days, had an idea that phrenol- 
ogists had a way of finding out beforehand the leading 
men of a place, the people here thought that I would 
hear of their great Esquire Jones before reaching the 
place, so one or two shrewd ones laid a plan to trap the 
stranger, and kept their own counsel. 

The lectures were given in the Congregational 
church. At, the close of the first lecture I proposed, 
as usual, to have a committee chosen to select subjects 
for public examination. The minister and a leading 
merchant were chosen. The house was well filled, but, 



32 " Tried, As by Fire 



with the oil lamps of those tiroes, was not very bril- 
liantly lighted, especially back under the gallery. The 
minister, who was chairman of the committee, loudly 
called out for " Dick Williams." Instantly the audience 
tittered, craned their necks, laughed outright when, 
from under the back gallery, a broad, coal-begrimed, 
roughly-dressed, unkempt man rudely lounged up the 
aisle and ascended the platform. I measured his head, 
which was 23 inches, and well proportioned. His body 
was solid, well formed, and powerful, but he had on a 
red, faded, woolen shirt, a rough, ragged coat and no 
vest, and old cowhide boots. His scalp, face, neck, and 
hands were as black as charcoal-heaving could make 
them, and his hair was long, crooked, and full of hay 
seed, and he smelt as strong as his looks would war- 
rant, unwashed for two weeks. Such looking men as 
he may sometimes be seen around iron works doing 
the rough and dirty drudgery. 

The house was still while I measured, examined, and 
considered ; and, when I was ready to express myself, 
and looked the audience in the face, such intense, eager, 
half-mirthful countenances were never before more 
sharply concentrated at one point. I then stepped for- 
ward, leaving my subject behind me, and said : 

" This person was intended, in his organization both 
of body and brain, for a man of much more than ordi- 
nary capacity. You have few men in this community 
— there are few in any community — who are by nature 
his equals. I know not what bad habits 4 he may have 
formed, or what disappointments in love, or losses may 
have combined to throw him from the track. If he has 
not been thrown out of his sphere by something un- 



The Triumph. 33 

usual, he is, or ought to be, one of God's noble meu. 
Have you any questions ? " 

The Rev. Chairman said at once : " That will do, 
sir." 

Dismissing my " Dick Williams " he went lounging 
down the aisle as he came up, the signal for infinite fun. 

I then called for another, and the Rev. Chairman 
announced " Esquire Jones," and a delicate, well-dress- 
ed, well-kept, spruce young fellow, about twenty years 
old, came forward and ascended the platform. This 
was the occasion of another outburst of laughter. I 
looked my man over. His hands were clean and deli- 
cate, the nails nicely kept, the clothing was fine and 
well-fitting ; he had a handsome but modest ring and 
studs ; his hair was clean, fine, and delicately cared 
for, and he was evidently not gotten up for the occa- 
sion. I measured his head and it was less than 20 
inches, and his frame was flabby and soft. 

Of course, the house was still to painfulness. I said 
nothing until, as before, I had decided on all I would 
say. Then, stepping forward, and leaning on the 
cushions of the desk, clenched one fist, and holding it 
before the audience and pointing to it, said : " If you 
have no better material for a 'Squire Jones than this, 
you are badly off. A head less than twenty inches, with 
a slight and undeveloped body, constitute poor timber 
for a justice, or anything else. The first man would 
have been better by far. Are there any questions ? " 

The Rev. gentleman responded instantly: "No, sir; 
we have no questions. You have done yourself and 
your subject justice, and made two hits which could 
not have been improved if you had known all the facts. 



34: The Yeedict. 

I owe you and the audience an explanation. The first 
man yon examined is Esquire Jones, as all the audience 
knew ; but they laughed more at his rough appearance 
•than anything else. For two weeks, once a year, he 
goes to the forest to superintend the charcoal-burning 
to supply the forges of his factory for the year. When 
we heard you were coming, we went quietly and secretly 
to the forest and fixed up this matter, and he was to be 
as dirty as such work could make him, and wear the 
worst clothing he could get, and come late to the lect- 
ure and sit back out of sight. He is our most useful 
and influential man, and he is all you said he could be 
if he had no bad habits, and had suffered no misfortune 
to spoil him. 

" The young man we called 'Esquire Jones' was not 
fixed up for the occasion. He is the son of our phy- 
sician, and was doubtless modified in his development 
by early illness. Your remarks of him were appropri- 
ate. Now, sir, permit me to welcome you to my 
church for your course of lectures, and to my house and 
table whenever you can spare me a dining or a tea 
hour. We expected you would break down, and that 
one lecture would be enough for you and for us. 
Phrenology must be true, and you have vindicated your 
claim as its worthy expounder." 

We regarded this as an appropriate benediction, and 
dismissed. I lectured there a week longer. 

After the close of the Harrison compaign Mr. Gibbs 
and I left Massachusetts for a lecturing tour, having 
agreed with Mr. P. L. Buell to meet in the Rotunda 
of the Capitol at 12 o'clock at noon March 3d, 1841, 
that we might together witness the inauguration of the 



My First " Written Characters." A Test. 35 

President. We spent the fall and early winter in 
Pennsylvania and Delaware, for the most part sepa- 
rately, but near enough to meet frequently. Each of 
us could give a course of six or eight lectures, and ex- 
cept in large places it was better, in a business point of 
view, to be separate. We gave an extended course in 
Wilmington, Del., together. Mr. Gibbs was invited to 
go to a Bank and make three examinations, and, after 
having described their characters verbally, and marked 
the size of the organs on a chart, it occurred to them 
that it would be desirable to have them written out. 



Mr. Gibbs brought the charts to our office in the hotel, 
and wished me to write them out. As it was new busi- 
ness for both, and as I had seen seven more years than 
he, not having yet reached his majority, I undertook 
the task, and, when completed, I went to the bank to 
deliver them. One of the gentlemen said : " We three 
are the men for whom the descriptions are made ; now, 
suppose you examine our heads and see if you can tell 
which each description belongs to." 

This, they thought, was a stumper ; and it being a 
new test, I thought so too. I looked over the three 
heads and assigned each his character in three minutes, 
and they thought it was such a marvel that half the 
town heard of it before night. 

On leaving Wilmington I went alone down the pe- 
ninsula, a part of which constitutes the State of Dela- 
ware. The land is quite flat, not a hill as high as a 
house being seen for half the length of the State. In 



36 Forty Years in Phrenology. 

the center of the State there is a slight ridge sloping to- 
ward the Delaware Bay on the east and the Chesapeake 
on the west, and from this ridge to the bays the land 
is cut into narrow sections by numerous navigable 
creeks running like ribs to the bays. 

Sloops run up these creeks on the tide, and the shores 
are so flat that the body of a vessel can be seen for 
miles amid fields of corn, wheat, and grass, and so nar- 
row are some of the creeks that a large sloop can not 
turn around, but floats backward, after being loaded 
with corn, toward the bay. At Smyrna, a creek from 
the Delaware Bay, and another from the Chesapeake, 
come within a few hundred feet of each other, and 
vessels lie there and load in sight of each other, bound 
for the ocean a long distance from each other. The 
spaces between these creeks are called necks, and there 
being no bridges, the people on each neck are very 
much isolated. The neck may be ten miles long to the 
bay, and one mile or two miles wide. People gather- 
ing crops on opposite sides of a creek sixty feet wide 
may be strangers, as if they lived ten miles apart. Of 
all the regions I ever visited, Delaware is the most gen- 
erous and hospitable. I lived for weeks among the 
people, lecturing every night, and there being no hotels 
on these necks, I would be invited from home to home, 
and sometimes there was a generous strife to see who 
should take me home. They did not do this to get 
professional work in exchange for entertainment. They 
would insist on paying full prices for everything they 
ordered, and refuse with hearty contempt any offer to 
reciprocate. 



Marrtage, With an Object. 37 



MARRIAGE, WITH AN OBJECT. 

During this winter of 1840-41, 1 was staying for a few 
days on a rich farm upon one of these . necks. The 
gentleman was thirty -one and his wife was sixty- 
six years of age. Being a little curious to learn some- 
thing of the history of such a union, I went to the 
barn where several slaves were at work, and carelessly 
remarked to them that their young master's father 
must have been very rich to have left his son so fine an 
estate. They replied, " Ah ! mister, we don't know 
nossen 'bout massa's fader. Dis farm and every ting 
here was de widder's. Young massa, he Yankee school- 
master from York, and hadn't got nossen at all. He 
board here in de winter when he keep school, and in de 
spring he marry de widder." Before leaving the place 
the gentleman wished me to examine his head, which I 
did, very carefully, and he asked many questions re- 
specting his probable conduct under various circum- 
stances in the past, and he appeared to think that if 
Phrenology could unriddle so clearly the past, perhaps 
it might lift the veil which hides the future, and he 
ventured the following question : " Can you tell me, sir, 
whether I shall outlive my wife f " I then thought I 
had discovered the real secret of what I had before sus- 
pected, viz : he had married the houses and lands, en- 
cumbered, as it were, with a life lease, and was anxious- 
ly waiting to have it expire by limitation. Some years 
afterward I learned, from a neighbor of his, that he had 
paid the debt of nature, and that his venerable widow 
was still living. 



38 The Country's Great Men. 



The 22d of February, 1841, T left Delaware for Bal- 
timore, and the next day gratified my longing eyes by 
a sight of our Capital City, and hurried to look upon 
Congress assembled. From the gallery of the Senate 
I recognized more than a score of the venerable Sena- 
tors from having seen their likenesses. Webster, CJay, 
Calhoun, Cass, Benton, Buchanan, Berrien, Preston, 
Wright, Tappan, Allen, Woodbury, Walker, Pierce, 
and King in the Senate, I recognized at a glance. In 
the House J. Q. Adams, Cushing, Wise, Drumgoole, 
Toombs, Briggs, Fillmore, were conspicuous figures. 

I called on President Yan Buren, and introduced to 
him a party of five friends, and while waiting, saw the 
key to his advancement to the high position of the 
Presidency. A gentleman was introducing a party of 
friends from the State of New York, and when he 
reached the fourth one of the party, Mr. Yan Buren 
anticipated by saying, " This is Mr. Thompson." " Yes," 
said the gentleman, " I was once introduced to you, but 
did not suppose you would remember it." " Oh, yes ! 
certainly I do. You were introduced to me at Syra- 
cuse in 1835, on the occasion of the A T isit of General 
Jackson to that city, and with you were Mr. Watson, 
Mr. Gardner, Mr. Williams, and Mr. Post, and you 
were the second one presented." And the gentleman 
said it was exactly so. 

The man who remembers faces and names will, other 
things being equal, always attach men to him, and he 
will have a warm and loyal personal following. Men 
like to vote for a man who remembers their given 



Buell and Sizek — A New Partnership. 39 

name. Business men who have that faculty will suc- 
ceed forty per cent, better than the average, and 
eighty per cent, better than one who forgets customers 
and must always ask their names. 

The inauguration of Harrison on the 4th of March, 
and his death on the 4th of April, the transferrence 
of power to Mr. Tyler, and the change of policy from 
the line marked out by the Whig party and its leader, 
iilled Washington and the nation with great excitement. 



CHAPTER IV. 

BTJELL AND SIZEJEJ A NEW PAETNEESHD?. 

On the 25th of February I met Mr. Buell in the 
Senate Chamber, and in a few days we had made an 
arrangement to travel together, to make for an indefi- 
nite time common cause in the lecturing field. Having 
a brother a printer and later a publisher in the city, 
Martin Buell (who died July 8, 1882, the very month 
of this writing), my friend arranged that we board to- 
gether in his family, and on the 15th of March, 1841, 
we opened a course of. lectures in the large hall of the 
Medical College in the city of Washington. I gave the 
opening lecture ; on the 16th Mr. Buell gave the sec- 
ond. I followed on the 19th, and on the 20th we 
both lectured about thirty-five minutes each. 

On the 25th I gave an introductory lecture at the 
Lyceum Hall in the city of Alexandria, and on the 26th 
lectured at the College in Washington, and the next 
evening Mr. Buell gave an introductory lecture to a 



40 Twin Girls — Remarkable Test. 

course near the Navy Yard in Washington. Thus we 
had three courses going on at once. 

During our four months' stay in Washington we 
gave three courses of lectures in Washington, one in 
Alexandria, and one in Georgetown. One advantage 
which we experienced in giving long courses, was, in 
being compelled to prepare new lectures, and not make, 
as we had done, a few lectures in a generalizing way, 
and repeat them substantially in a new place. We 
visited Mt. Vernon, all the public institutions in the 
three cities of the District, and became familiar with 
the working of Congress during its extra session. 

At our lectures and professional examinations, many 
very interesting incidents occurred, the recital of a few 
of which may be pleasant and profitable to the reader. I 
find in my diary — which I commenced in Washington, 
and continued many years — this entry : " June 4th, Mr. 
Buell lectured in the Lyceum Hall in Georgetown. 
After the lecture I examined the heads of two gentle- 
men, one a Mr. , had large Self-esteem, and I told 

him if he were a member of the Lyceum he would 
want the President's chair. He is the President, having 
struggled hard to get it. Of this I had not the slight- 
est knowledge." Of course such a statement in the 
very hall, and on the platform where he wielded his 
coveted power, -would make a marked sensation. 

At our "N"avy Yard course the following facts occur- 
red : 

1WIX GLRLS ALIKE, BUT XOT ALIKE— A REM AKK ABLE 

TEST. 

In the year 1841, there lived in Washington, D. G, 
a family in which was a pair cf twin girls who were 



Mary or Martha, Which? 41 



eighteen years of age, of good size and attractive ap- 
pearance. They weighed in the same notch, stood ex- 
actly of the same height, could wear each other's 
clothes, and they looked so much alike, and their mo- 
tions were so similar, that no person, not even their 
mother, could distinguish them. When either was 
present, in the absence of the other, the mother would 
generally address her as Mary, when she would perhaps 
respond, " It is not Mary, mother, but Martha." 

While delivering a course of lectures in that city, I 
was invited to the house by the father to make some 
Phrenological examinations. One of the young ladies 
entered the room as a subject, whom I carefully de- 
scribed, and then marked in a chart the size of each of 
the organs. When this was completed she walked out, 
with her luxuriant brown hair hanging over her shoul- 
ders, and instantly, as I supposed, returned and took 
the seat. As I looked curiously and anxiously, first at 
the young lady and then at the father, he said, " Please 
proceed and make an examination." 

"Have I not already examined that head?" I in- 
quired. 

" Look at it carefully and see," said the father. 

I measured the head several ways, and found it the 
same. Then I examined the head, and thought I de- 
tected a difference in two organs, viz : Cautiousness and 
Self-esteem, the former seeming larger and the latter 
smaller. I then referred to the chart I had marked, and 
Baid : 

" I see no difference except in the organs of Cau- 
tiousness and Self-esteem. Now, if you have two 
daughters so much alike, let the other come in and I 
wili compare them." 



4:2 The Siamese Twin's. 

Then the first one, Mary, returned, and after careful 
comparison of their heads, I told the parents that the 
only difference I could see in development and charac- 
ter was, that Mary had more confidence and self-reliance 
and less prudence or fear. 

The parents stated that this was the only difference 
which anybody had ever discovered in their characters. 
When they together were introduced to a stranger, 
Mary would respond, and Martha would follow as a sis- 
ter two years younger would be expected to do. When 
they made calls Mary rang, entered first, and led in the 
conversation, and this was the only means people in the 
neighborhood had of knowing which was Mary and 
which was Martha. 

I offered at the lecture that evening to be blindfolded, 
and instantly tell them apart by the difference in the 
development of the two organs named, and also offered 
to make the test of teaching any lady or gentleman in 
the audience in five minutes, so that they could do the 
same when blindfolded. 

The father then stated to the audience the facts of 
the examinations at his house during the day, and said 
that he had consented that the test 1 proposed might be 
made in public ; but a gentleman, a friend of the fami- 
ly, moved that the statements be accepted as true, since 
the father's word was sufficient wherever he was known, 
and he suggested that such a test could be made with 
the ladies at their home by any friends who might 
desire to do it. 

The Siamese twins, supposed to be related to life more 
nearly alike than any two other human beings, really dif- 
fered in disposition more than these ladies did, and Mr. 



The Pet of the Household Saved. 43 

Fowler, in a public examination of their heads, pointed 
oat the differences in their dispositions with startling 
accuracy. 

A case like the following is not of rare occurrence. 
The country is getting full of them, and few, we fear, 
will learn how to rectify the trouble. One was saved 
— we hope others who read of it may do likewise. 

THE PET OE THE HOUSEHOLD SAVED. 

The brightest child in the neighborhood or school is 
the one to break down and come to an early and un- 
timely grave. Everybody knows that the family, as well 
as all the relatives and friends, can not help being pleased 
with, proud of, and petting the brilliant little prodigy — 
and because they do not know, or knowing, are half 
compelled by affectionate pleasure, they persist in talk- 
ing to, teaching, and calling out the precocious mental 
activity of the little one. It is "so old-fashioned," so 
bright and far-seeing, who can deny themselves the 
pleasure of questioning the dear thing '\ It is so funny 
to hear the wise and witty answers, that indulgence in 
talking to the precious child is almost compulsory. 

After the grave has closed over the angelic little 
form, parents sometimes, when too late, learn that they 
have permitted the pet of the household to be killed by 
mistaken kindness. 

Every village has its prodigy, its victim, and to 
those who love it most and to whom its early transla- 
tion to the home above would be a blighting grief, 
would we here utter a word of caution, with some 
hints as to how the pet may be saved. 



44 A Most Remarkable Child. 

It was a Roman saving that " those whom the gods 
love die young," but, though perhaps all history may 
confirm the maxim, modern science asserts that it is not 
the pleasure of the Creator that half the fruit of human 
life, and the best of it at that, should fall off the tree 
unripe and half grown. Little animals, as a rule, live 
in harmony with nature, and are not cut off early, ex- 
cept they become a prey to stronger and voracious 
tribes. If w r e shield calves, lambs, pigs, colts, and 
chickens from accidents, they will, as a rule, come to 
maturity, and fulfill their destiny by attaining their full 
age. Then why should fully one-half of the young of 
mankind, which are protected, fed, and housed with 
provident care, fail to reach even twenty years, or one- 
third of allotted life ? 

A plain statement of a case in point may serve bet- 
ter than an argument. 

In the spring of ISil, during a course of lectures in 
Washington, D. C, I was invited to the house of a 
United States Marine officer, named Ivleinhans, to ex- 
amine his little boy, not yet four years old. The child 
was slender in body and limbs, the dear little arms were 
but frail sticks, but his head was as large as that of a 
well-grown man of 150 pounds weight, and measured 
twenty-two inches in circumference, while his body 
measured but twenty-one inches under the arms. His 
forehead was * Websterian, his eyes large, eager, and 
deep set. His step was tottering and circumspect in 
order to maintain, with such a burden, the proper equi- 
librium.- The skin was thin and fine, the skull so thin 
as to vibrate under my hand when the child spoke. 

After a silence of several minutes, which, to the anx- 



The Remedy. 45 

ions, waiting parents doubtless seemed very ominous, I 
said : 

" This boy must dig or die ! " 

The parents expected I would dilate on his precocious 
brilliancy of talent, and on his ripened character for one 
of his tender years, but this sudden, sad, and crushing 
statement painfully aroused them, and then they were 
willing to listen. 

I then proceeded to instruct them at length in regard 
to his diet, dress, exercise, and sleep, which we have 
room here only to summarize. We advised that his 
feet and legs be very warmly clad in cool weather, that 
his food be milk, wheatmeal, and oatmeal cooked in any 
way to be palatable, also the lean of beef and mutton, 
with the grease excluded, fruits, eggs, and vegetables- 
excluding entirely the fat of meat, butter (apart from 
the milk), line flour, sugar, cake, sweetened puddings, 
coffee, tea, and all stimulants.. We insisted that he 
must be put to sleep with the setting sun and induced 
to sleep twelve hours, if possible ; that books, reading, 
and conversation above his years, should be little in- 
dulged in his presence; that he should have some 
manly means of exercise such as a wheelbarrow and 
shovel to match his size and strength, with a load of 
fresh earth in the yard for him to work with in making 
railroad or turnpike. 

This would invite him to exercise in the sunshine 
and open air, and tend to draw the blood away from 
the great brain, thus giving it measurable rest. 

Three weeks after givjng this advice I was passing 
the house, when I heard vigorous tapping at the win- 
dow, and saw the father beckoning me to stop and come 



£6 The Happy Result. 

in. He led me to the rear window and pointed to our 
little friend, who, with his new wheelbarrow and shovel, 
nicely made to match the user, was busy as a laborer 
filling the barrow, and gravely wheeling his load, as 
men do, over a long board to the dumping place. He 
had a cartload of fresh soil to work with, and this he 
thought he must move every day. When called by his 
father to "knock off" and come in, he pointed to his 
unfinished work; but seeing me, who had been the 
means of his getting the barrow and shovel, he gladly 
adjourned to meet me. I noticed his step was firmer, 
his color better, and his muscles had already begun to 
show strength and plumpness. He had also lost that 
startling, half -deathly gaze, peculiar to these early 
candidates for the shadows of the grave and the glory 
beyond. I inquired of the half-smiling, half-weeping 
mother, as to his present habits, and she replied with 
grateful animation : 

u Oh, he hasn't called for us to read to him for a 
week, and, instead of the wakeful eagerness to hear the 
conversation of his seniors till 11 o'clock at night, he 
now eats as much at one meal as he before ate in three, 
and frequently falls asleep at the supper-table, and thus 
we undress him and put him to bed before sunset, and 
he sleeps like a log till called to breakfast." 

The entire economy of his life had been revolutionized, 
and he was then a candidate for solid and harmonious 
development, and, with his large brain and active tem- 
perament, could, when the body had acquired the 
growth and strength to support it, walk over a college 
course to distinction, with royal health and power to do 
the work of a noble manhood. The pet of the house- 
hold was saved ! 



Virginia — Harper's Ferry. 47 

From that clay to this, probably, we have been the 
means of saving a thousand other similarly bright and 
precocious children. We have had our reward in the 
doing of the work, and scarcely a week passes that some 
parent does not pay us over again in earnest thanks. 
Money does not pay for some things. 

On the morning of June 17th, I left Washington in 
the stage for Lees burg, Loudon Co., Ya., distant forty 
miles, to join Mr. Buell, who went iive days before to 
prepare for and commence a course of lectures. This 
town, which was built of brick before the Revolution, 
contained, in 1841, about 2,500 inhabitants. It is situ- 
ated in a rich and pleasant farming district ; the people 
are wealthy, social, kindly, and hospitable. In the heat 
of summer the windows and doors of our lecture-room 
were open, and the room was on the ground floor. The 
white people only were inside ; but another audience, 
quite as large, composed of colored people, could be 
seen at the open doors and windows. The shortest 
would rest their chins on' the window sills, and behind 
them, half a head taller, was another row ; behind this, 
other rows of heads, exhibiting to us in the semi-dark- 
ness only the whites of their eyes and generous rows of 
white teeth every time anything was said in the lecture 
which would cause a smile — and such a brilliant smile, 
and so much of it, and such perfect time as they kept 
in revealing it, was almost too much for my gravity. 
Finally I acquired such control of myself that I pur- 
posely played upon their risibles, just to see it " lighten." 

We visited several thriving towns on the way from 
Leesburg to Harper's Ferry, Waterford and Hills- 
borough among them. At a lecture in Hillsborough I 



48 The Social Element in Religion. 

examined publicly a Mr. Wells, to whom Mr. Baell had 
given a chart, and Dr. Fox held the chart while I ex- 
amined the head before the audience, announcing the 
size of each organ, and Dr. Fox stated to the audience 
that we were precisely alike in our estimate of every 
organ. At Waterford I was blindfolded, and the same 
course was taken before the audience in respect to a 
person to whom Mr. Buell had given a chart, and with 
exactly the same result. 

THE SOCIAL ELEMENT IN RELIGION. 

In Hillsborough I examined the head of an elderly 
man of strong religious nature, and in whom the social 
organs as a group were very large, and Adhesiveness or 
Friendship was conspicuous ; in respect to which I re- 
marked : " You love friends so well it is very painful 
to part with them, and when they pass beyond the river, 
you suffer much at the parting; but, your faith being 
strong, you look forward to be reunited with the dear 
departed in the future life." This seemed to touch a 
strong and tender chord in his character, and he an- 
swered with melting emotion: "Yes, I look to the final 
meetino; with friends as amon^ the dearest and most 
attractive thought of the future ; and if I could not 
hope to meet the loved ones in heaven it would not be 
heaven to me, nor could I anticipate it with pleasure. 
My friends will make any place heaven to me." 

In regard to nine-tenths of men and women the social 
phase of religious life is one of the strongest, and that 
church grows most in numbers, and probably in graces, 
whose members are most blended by the social side of 



Harper's Ferry. 49 

character. The Sunday-school is largely based on, and 
incidentally grows from, the social in young human life. 

I find in my diary, under date of Harper's Ferry, 
July 6th, 1841, this entry : 

" The roads in the State of Yirginia, so far as I have 
seen them, are the poorest of any I have traveled on in 
any of ' the old thirteen.' The road law is very defect- 
ive, which is the primary cause of the poorness of the 
roads. The tax for repairing them is levied upon the 
polls, instead of property and polls; so that a man 
without the first 'red cent' does as much work on the 
repairing of the roads as he who is worth $150,000, 
with twenty wagons constantly on the roads." 

On the 9th of July we left Harper's Ferry by cars 
for .Northern Maryland to lecture in Washington, Fred- 
erick, Carroll, and Baltimore Counties, and found a 
people intelligent, friendly, frank, sincere, and com- 
panionable. The land is rich, thickly settled, and un- 
der excellent cultivation ; the thriving towns are uear 
to each other, the roads and buildings are good, and 
the people prosperous ; and though it was in the heat 
of summer, we had large audiences, and met with a 
cordial reception and an interest in our subject which 
makes the memory of the weeks spent in such towns as 
Woodborough, Liberty, New Windsor, Union town, 
Creagerstown, Eramitsburg, Mechanicstown, and Taney- 
town, still tender and fragrant, after more than forty 
years ; and in the reading of my diary, then kept, it is 
pleasant to find the names of hospitable families who 
made the stay of the strangers in their midst one con- 
tinuous joy at the time, and an unfailing " pleasure of 
memory " for all the future. 



50 Duplicate Examinations. 

In Maryland, at Wooclsborough, we first met the 
" shin plaster " representative of money, issued by mer- 
chants of good standing, in denominations from five 
cents to fifty cents, payable in current bills of the Banks 
of Baltimore, when the sum of five dollars worth should 
be presented at one time. The public currency was 
deranged, specie scarce or hoarded, and for all our lect- 
ures and examinations in this town we took but twenty- 
two cents in specie. The door-keeper brought the re- 
ceipts of the lectures tied up in a handkerchief and in. 
his hat, and when unloaded upon the table it looked 
large, and seemed to shrink wonderfully as they were 
straightened out and counted. When we were ready 
to leave the State, the banks in Baltimore promptly re- 
deemed the paper, as it had been promised. Since then 
the United States postal currency has commanded the 
respect of the whole nation, and most people regretted 
to have it disappear. 

In New "Windsor, July 20th, I gave a chart to an in- 
quisitive young man named Christian Piper, to whom 
I gave a chart the night before. He disguised himself 
so as not to be known, even by his intimate friends. 
This artifice had three effects ; first, I was deceived as 
to the man, not knowing I had ever seen him before ; 
second, it afforded ground for speculation in his mind 
and that of his friends, whether I should describe and 
mark him twice alike; third, the charts were the same 
to a demonstration, and convinced all who knew of it, 
that we have a rule by which we read character ; and 
nobody doubted that our description and marking were 
correct, but they desired to see if it could be done twice 
alike when the outward appearances were changed. 



A Close Fit — Double Test. 51 

Id Creagerstown we had some rich experiences in 
public examinations, and as the whole town knew the 
facts, I violate no confidence in copying from my diary ; 
simply reserving the name in one case on account of any 
relatives of his who may now be living : 

" Saturday, July 24th, I examined a man by the 
name of F B , and described him as cruel, des- 
titute of friends and the impulse of friendship ; that if 
he had a friend he would fight him out of that position ; 
that he was pugnacious, proud, dishonest, and did neither 
1 fear God nor regard man ' ; that even in his best humor 
he was cold, irascible, and vindictive, and that in anger 
he would kill a man as quick as he would eat when hun- 
gry. Those who knew him best said that I told less 
than they had expected, and he acknowledged that I 
was correct. He had in time past nearly killed several 
men, and he is thought to be a thief, and is known to 
be a liar." 

I find on the same page another record : 

" In the afternoon of the same day we were requested 
to examine the head of fm. A. Hart, in the following 
manner : Mr. Buell was to examine the man in a pri- 
vate room, attended by some twelve of his friends, and 
then he (Buell) was to retire, and I was to go in and 
examine him in the same manner. Yerbatim notes 
were taken of both examinations, and are here copied : 
Mr. Buell said : ' The gentleman has a Sanguine-Bil- 
ious Temperament, is firm in his opinions, sometimes 
obstinate, is not quarrelsome by nature ; property com- 
ing into his hands is always enhanced in value ; is fond 
of children, horses, etc., but he will have good govern- 
ment over them ; is rather incredulous ; when aroused 



52 Double Test Examination Written. 

or excited he is high-tempered ; has a good memory of 
faces, words, and circumstances, and learns much by 
observation ; is not often dejected, is usually cheerful ; 
is cautious and circumspect ; is not very devout, yet 
honest in his dealings. He has a strong love of dis- 
tinction ; dislikes to be in the background ; has a strong 
attachment to family and friends, and is kind to them ; 
and he reasons from facts and by comparison more than 
from first principles." 

JSotes taken in the language of N. Sizer: "This, 
gentleman has a Sanguine-Bilious Temperament ; is 
possessed of great force of character ; is courageous 
when insulted, yet cautious in making an attack ; when 
he commences, victory must decide the point. He is 
determined and independent, severe in censure, yet 
warm as a friend ; is generous, yet economical ; is ar- 
dent in his attachment to the ladies. He . plans his 
course with sagacity, is dignified in his intercourse, yet 
affable. He has strong mathematical and mechanical 
ability ; is a lover of the fine arts ; has a good memory, 
is energetic and fluent in conversation ; reasons well by 
comparison and is able to carry out a proposition in de- 
tail. In all his transactions he expects the best, yet he 
is never afraid to meet the worst. To sum up : be is a 
man of sound sense, keen perception ; has ready talent 
for business and study, and is ever improved by opposi- 
tion. His social and family feelings are strong, is fond 
of children as such, cleaves strongly to them as they 
advance to the status of personal associates, yet through 
the whole they must respect and obey him." 

The examinations were so nearly alike, as near indeed 
as two men would express the same thing, that the 



Homewaed Bound. 53 

skeptic was convinced and took a chart, and his friends 
were delighted. 

"We lectured at Emmitsburg and Taney town, and left 
the State of Maryland by way of Baltimore, gave one 
lecture at Wilmington, Del., August 11th, and on the 
12th left for Massachusetts by Philadelphia, New York, 
and Albany. I lectured August 17th at Maiden's 
Bridge, Columbia County, N. Y., the first time I had 
lectured in the State. The next day joined Mr. Buell 
in West Stockbridge, Mass., where we gave a course of 
lectures in the Congregational church. Here for the 
first time we met with the Daguerreotype process of 
taking pictures. We bought an instrument of the 
makers residing there, Messrs. Clark & Son, and took 
lessons of them in the art. During that practice I took 
one likeness of myself, which is still in my possession. 
The pictures at that time, and for several years after, 
were taken on silver plates or copper silver-plated, and 
the impression on the plate could be wiped off with 
the hand or cloth about as easy as if it had been mere 
vapor on glass. Some years afterward a process was 
introduced for shielding 'the delicate surface of the 
picture by depositing a microscopic film of gold upon 
the plate. Since then the introduction of Ambrotypes 
and negatives on glass, and the method of indefinitely 
multiplying the latter by " printing," has almost entire- 
ly superseded the older method, although, in some re- 
spects, nothing can be more delicate and beautiful than 
a good Daguerreotype. In 1841 it took from one to 
three minutes to take an impression, and each picture 
must have a plate, which, with a proper case to pro- 
tect it, cost one dollar for a picture two by three inches. 



54 The Campaign in New England. 

and three dollars was the common price for each picture 
taken. 

In this town we were invited to visit a select school 
and examine all the pupils, some forty-five in number. 
It amazed the teachers to hear us, in thirty seconds, 
give the gist of the character or peculiar talent of pupils 
which had required of them years of daily contact to 
find out ; yet some teachers to-day know so little of 
the value of the subject, as to say, " Oh, I am going to 
be a teacher, I don't want to study Phrenology." In 
point of fact no person is more benefited by it than 
the teacher, though, perhaps, it would be difficult which 
to place first in the list of benefit, the minister, the law- 
yer and statesman, or the teacher. .Neither can do 
their proper work half so well without its aid as they 
could with it. 



CHAPTER V. 

THE CAMPAIGN IN NEW ENGLAND. 

After spending some time with friends at home, I 
joined Mr. Buell at East Granville, Mass., his place of 
birth and residence, and we gave a course of lectures, 
beginning September 15th. We commenced at a pub- 
lic hall, but it became " too strait " for the audience, and 
we continued the course at the Rev. Dr. Cooley's 
church, Congregational. We alternated in the lectures, 
but I did the most of the examinations, as Mr. Buell 
was supposed to know everybody ; yet it was thought 
to be a matter of interest to have Mr. Buell examine 
some of his neighbors blindfolded. This was done to 



Ordeal — Eclipse — Triumph. 55 

the satisfaction of all. This reminds me of a severe 
trial I had during a lecture I was invited to give to my 
neighbors a few days before our opening at Granville. 

At the close of my lecture they brought forward one 
man who was a stranger to me, having become a resi- 
dent during my absence, after which I was blindfolded 
and two men were brought forward. The first was de- 
scribed as " a harmonious, careful, upright man." The 
other was described as " a man of talent, self-reliance, 
pride, selfishness, and as too low in Conscientiousness 
to be just and honest in his dealings, and too large in 
Secretiveness to be open, frank, and truthful." When 
the bandage was removed there sat two men well known, 
to me and everybody within five miles. Both stood 
high, and were well related by blood and marriage, and 
had unblemished reputations. 

My friends, and those favorable to Phrenology, look- 
ed at each other and at me with .round eyes, and I 
broke the awkward silence by saying : " By what is 
known of these men I suppose you all think I have 
made a mistake in the last one. If any one else had 
made the examination, and said the same things I should 
have said it must be a mistake, but I told you when you 
put on the blind I would give my true opinions hit or 
miss. Those are the indications, and I should say the 
same thing if I were to meet the same form of head 
anywhere." 

I regretted the occurrence, as it placed me and my 
subject in an unpleasant light. Some said if I made 
such hits as that elsewhere they wondered how I could 
be sustained. But as everybody knew the man to be 
all right, it did not hurt him in the least, 



56 Blindfold Examinations. 

Time wore on, I had gone on my tour, and of course 
I said nothing. Before I returned, however, eighteen 
months later, my man had absconded. It was found 
that he had borrowed money of many people, some of 
it before I examined his head. Anybody who had ten 
dollars or five hundred dollars would readily have lent 
it to him, and there were some other seriously crooked 
matters which were spoken of respecting him with bated 
breath. He never came back. Many, and probably all, 
lost their money, and no more was said against my blind- 
fold examination. 

We lectured in West Granville and South wick, Mass., 
and went to Thompsonville, a manufacturing village in 
the town of Enfield, Conn., and on the 12th November 
I gave my first lecture in that State. 



BLINDFOLD EXAMINATIONS. 

The next evening Mr. Buell lectured and I examined 
in public the heads of two gentlemen blindfolded, and 
afterward the same heads with my eyes uncovered, and 
everyone said with perfect success. After the lecture 
a gentleman having arranged with a party of twenty 
friends proposed that I examine them in a dark room. 
I explained that all men in estimating everything that 
can be seen, use the faculty of vision very largely, and 
that the Phrenologist is no exception in estimating 
the form and size of different parts of the head. Nev- 
ertheless I consented to accept the ordeal. The men 
were gathered and seated about .the room, and though 
it was a dark, rainy night, the blinds were shut and the 
curtains down, and I was then brought in. There was 



Estimating Heads by Sight Alone. 57 

no concerted order of their taking the seat, but they 
said at the close, they knew in every instance the man 
I was describing, and the one who managed the affair 
said if he had to make a wager as to my success in de- 
scribing character he would have it done in a similar 
way, in a dark room, for then 1 would follow implicitly 
the developments and give every man his real charac- 
ter, with no possible softening of the facts on account 
of good looks, apparent culture or good clothes. 

In the early days of Phrenology the public insisted 
that we judged the character of our subjects by the face 
mainly, and not by the developments of the brain ; 
hence the desire to have the examiner blindfolded. 
This is by no means a fair method of testing the sub- 
ject, since we use the eyes in determining the relative 
size and form of the head nearly or quite as much as 
we do the hands. An expert in the qualities of horses, 
judges their form, the relative proportion of the parts 
which go to make up strength, speed, health, and en- 
durance, by the eye alone. He does not need to han- 
dle them. As brain power depends on temperament 
and size, and the direction of the talents and drift of 
character depend on form and relative proportion of 
the head, the estimate one can make by the eye is, in 
many cases, quite perfect. A cattle dealer will walk 
through a drove of oxen, and, without touching one of 
them, will estimate their weight, within Hve pounds 
each, on an average. 

ESTIMATING HEADS BY SIGHT ALONE. 

It is astonishing in how short a time a* class of stu- 
dents in Phrenology will learn to estimate the circum- 
3* 



58 Forty Years in Phrenology. 

f erence of. a human head six feet from the observer, and 
not vary more than a quarter of an inch. Therefore 
the Phrenologist needs the use of his eyes in making 
examinations for other reasons than to u see the expres- 
sion of the face." In the examination of skulls, where 
the face must be admitted to give little expression, 
judgment formed by the eye is quite sufficient. 

It is an interesting fact, that we can estimate the 
form and proportion of that part of the head usually 
covered by hair, better by the hands than by the eye, 
because we become more accustomed to do it in that 
way ; while the forehead, which, before the folly of 
" bangs," was exposed to the eye, can be better estima- 
ted by the eye than by the hand, and I have always, in 
blindfold examinations, been much more troubled to 
read the intellect than the disposition. When bald peo- 
ple come for examinations, or when persons come with 
the hair cut close to the head, I use both the eye and 
the hands to estimate the forehead, and look away, and 
use the hands alone, for the other parts of the head, 
and by habit can do it best in that way. 

During this autumn and winter we lectured in Hamp- 
den County, Mass., and in Hartford County, Conn. 
Enfield, Granville, Southwick, Suffield, Granby, and 
Windsor were among the places visited, and we man- 
aged to have two courses in progress near together at 
the same time. 

This partnership, like that of Gibbs & Sizer, did not 
result in the partners being all the time together. In 
large places they would work together, each lecturing on 
alternate evenings, and during the day making profes- 
sional examinations, the parties in interest choosing which 



All the Graces and $20,000. 59 

examiner they preferred. Generally the one who had 
lectured would make the first public examination, and 
the associate the second, thus at one meeting bringing 
both before the people, and the public would generally 
be about evenly divided as to preference, according to 
the characteristics of the person choosing and his natural 
harmony with the examiner of his choice. In smaller 
places, perhaps four miles apart, one would go forward, 
arrange and start a course, giving about half the course 
— five or six lectures — when the partner having finished 
up the previous course would arrive, to meet an audience 
gathered and already interested in the subject, and ready, 
with expectancy, to receive the new man. They would 
then work together a day or two, and one would go for- 
ward to a new place already advertised and waiting his 
arrival. This is a most pleasant method for the lect- 
urers, and gives the people of different types of charac- 
ter, composing the audiences, opportunity to be better 
served and pleased by two than by one. Besides, be- 
ing separated much of the time, it was a delight to 
meet and be together a short time. At other times, 
the partners would separate, bat act on parallel routes 
near together, meeting once or twice a month. 

ALL THE GRACES ANT) $20,000. 

"While lecturing in Granby, Conn., a young man of 
thirty " summers," came from another town ostensibly 
to obtain an examination, but really to secure assistance 
in obtaining a wife. While he was making his wants 
known I was taking a survey of his make-up. He had 
* very light complexion, heavily marked by freckles, 
with eyes too light to take well in a photograph ; hair 



60 A "Catch" foe Some One. 

neither red nor brown, but a modest and faded compro- 
mise between the two. His nose was sharp, -short, and 
aspiring, the nostrils opening amply in front, showing 
his breathing power to be free. He was close shaven, 
as was then the custom of the times, but he had a hint 
of whisker forward of each ear, thin, lonesome, and 
yellow. His ear was well adapted to music, being large, 
with a studding-sail projection from the head. He was 
slightly stooping, narrow in the sloping shoulders, long 
in the arms and legs, with ample hands and feet. His. 
head was of medium size, sloping in front and running 
up high at the crown, showing a high conceit on small 
mental capital. His clothes had a cheap but stylish 
look, and his watch, a silver one, worth about seven 
dollars, which he often consulted, was earned in the 
fob pocket, and from a showy ribbon there dangled a 
heavy, brassy key and seal. 

He opened his chief errand by saying : " I wish you 
would make a chart for me and take a copy of it with 
you, and when you find, in your travels, a young lady 
that would make me a good wife, you would let me 
know her name and residence, so I can visit her." 

I ventured to ask what style of woman would suit his 
views, saying that if I knew what qualities he required 
I would know the better when I should chance to find 
them. He .promptly commenced to give the enumera- 
tion of the qualities, attainments, and accomplishments 
which would be considered by him as essential, with 
the addition of some that would be desirable, showing 
that he had carefully studied the subject. As he is 
now, doubtless, after the lapse of forty years, out of the 
early market, this statement of his case may excite no 



Matrimonial Inventories. 61 

anxious rivalry among fair candidates for his ample 
hand. 

INVENTORY FOR A WIFE. 

" I would like a lady of good size, above the medium, 
of a dignified and commanding presence, easy and 
smooth in her manners, animated and fluent in conver- 
sation with special talent for entertaining company. 
She should be a good scholar, and, if she could write for 
the press and be able to draw and paint well, and play 
and sing nicely, it would be very desirable, and at the 
same time she must be industrious, and know how to do 
all that belongs to good housekeeping. She must be 
amiable in her temper, handsome and graceful in per- 
son, thorough, orderly, and neat in her habits, a good 
economist, healthy, of a long-lived race, and from a re- 
spectable line of ancestry — and if she should happen to 
have $20,000 in her own right, it would oe no objection." 

I drew a long breath so as to command my sobriety, 
and calmly replied that the qualities he required were 
very desirable indeed, and I had no doubt I might find 
many such if time were allowed, but when I find all 
these gifts and graces what shall I tell her you can offer 
her in exchange in the matrimonial compact, as to edu- 
cation, family, culture, and property ? 

HIS INVENTORY. 

He sat a few moments as if he had not expected such 
questions could arise, and deliberately replied : " My 
people are plain farmers, and I have been brought up 
to work on the farm. My educational culture is con- 
fined to the district school. My reading has been lim- 



62 Hit oe Miss— Which? 

ited ; I have never traveled, nor been much in the best 
society, even of our country district, as somehow I do 
not seem to be appreciated, so I stay at home ; and in 
regard to property I have nothing laid up as yet. nor do 
I expect anything from my father's estate, which is 
small, and I, being the eldest of a large family, I see 
no prospect of anything from that quarter. I have no 
bad habits and stand well as to morals in the neighbor- 
hood where I live, though for some reason I do not 
seem to be popular." 

I promised not to lose sight of his proposition, and if 
I found a woman answering to his description who 
would be willing to accept him on the conditions he 
named, I certainly would not forget his case. ]STor 
have I. For forty long years has the case been vividly 
before my mind, and I have not found one of the kind 
named to whom I dared present his claims. But I am 
still looking. 

In Suffield we gave an extended course, the place 
being the seat of the Connecticut Literary Institu- 
tion. This is a grand old town, and when we lect- 
ured there, a large number of strong thinkers and able 
business men, with large brains and healthy bodies, 
were residing there, and, like many other towns, our 
topic was the subject of conversation and the main ob- 
ject of interest, and many important cases of examina- 
tion occurred, some of which may be worth recording. 

HIT OE MISS, WHICH ? DEAF AND DUMB GTEL. 

In this town, on Bee. 1st, I had a call from a father 
and mother to make an examination of their little 
daughter about seven years of age. She was a bright- 



Timid Child Managed — A Great Test. 63 

looking child, had a full and intelligent eye, a good- 
sized brain, which was harmoniously developed. I de- 
scribed her in detail, and among other things said she 
was a great talker, the organ of Language appearing to 
be large. 

The parents said they thought I was very correct in 
everything except in regard to her language, as she, be- 
ing deaf from birth, had never uttered a word. 

At first it seemed to them that I had made a mistake, 
but then the mother said the child had a wonderful fac- 
ulty of manifesting her knowledge, desires, and feelings 
by looks and actions. 

In process of time the girl went to the Deaf and 
Dumb Asylum at Hartford; was educated to talk with 
the hands and to write. 

For the last twenty-five years I have been well ac- 
quainted with her as the wife of a mute, and the mother 
of a mute daughter; and everybody who knows her 
would testify that she is one of the greatest talkers they 
ever knew. When she visits people who hear and 
speak, and who can talk with the mute alphabet, they 
tell us that they can not do anything but talk with her. 
When she calls on people who can not talk with her ex- 
cept by writing, she will hold them for an hour if 
possible. 

She is a great talker, and my version of her charac- 
ter forty years ago was a " hit," not " a miss." 

TIMID CHILD MANAGED — A GREAT TEST. 

Another instance occurred in this, town, the recital of 
which may serve to aid some mother or teacher in the 
management of an unduly cautious child. At the close 



64 A Sharp Trial for Victory. 

of a lecture on the nature and training of the senti- 
ments of Approbativeness and Cautiousness, in which 
I had said that half the trouble which people had 
with timid children was largely owing to their im- 
proper management ; adding that however much afraid 
of strangers any bright, intelligent child, two or three 
years old, might be, I would undertake to get it will- 
ingly into my lap in twenty minutes. A bright and 
genial lady came up to the platform and said to me, " I 
have a boy two and a half years old, that I -think is 
bright, but he has never been in the lap of any person 
not belonging to the family ; even his grandpa, who 
has been in and out almost daily for the last year, can 
make no headway in overcoming the child's aversion to 
strangers. Now, if you will come into my house and 
get that boy into your lap, willingly, in twenty minutes 
or twenty hours, I will believe in Phrenology." 

I found out where she lived and arranged to go there 
at one o'clock the next day and to enter the dining- 
room in the extension of the house, without knocking, 
and that neither she nor her husband should say any 
person was coming, or look at or say a word to 
" Charlie " when I came, nor while I stayed, and I 
was not to be treated as a stranger while there. 

At the hour appointed I entered the house, the fam- 
ily was at the table. Charlie slipped out of his high 
chair and left for the kitchen as quick as legs and 
" wings" could carry him. I instantly spoke in a tone 
of familiarity to the parents : " What made you eat up 
all the dinner so th#t I can have none ? I will pick up 
what I can get." I took a seat at the table and began 
to eat — and kept talking in a way that a child, which 1 



Intellect Conquering Fear. 65 

felt certain was listening, would understand— then lay- 
ing one hand on the father's head and the other on the 
mother's, kept on telling them what they were fond of 
and what they could do, and stealthily turning toward 
the open door into the kitchen, saw about half of the 
little head and one bright eye peeping around the door 
jamb, of course wondering who and what that stranger 
could be who seemed so much at home with the house, 
the dinner, and the parents. I went on examining the 
heads and talking, keeping my back toward the little 
spectator, who forgot that I saw him leave the room, 
and, perhaps supposed I did not know he had exist- 
ence. He edged his way into the room, and as he was 
against the wall quite a distance from the door, I kept 
turning my back toward and my face directly from him 
so as to compel him to get very near me before he could 
see the face of the drollest man that ever he saw in his 
home. Of course the plan was to ignore the boy, yet 
to talk so that he could comprehend it. All at once I 
walked away from the boy to the opposite side of the 
room and looking up to a gaudy picture, representing 
Solomon's temple, with the Sanhedrin in session wear- 
ing their red robes, I said, " What a splendid picture 
Charlie has here ! " ' and then I kept on describing the fig- 
ures of the council and calling them men and ladies and 
boys, and I dropped my eye and he stood by my side 
eagerly looking to learn, for the first time, the mysteries 
of the great picture which, the stranger had said, was 
Charlie's. He had forgotten I was a stranger in the 
sense of being dangerous. I had said nothing to him, 
had not looked at him, had not tried to have him come 
to me, bnt had let him alone, and talked steadily about 



66 Victory Complete and Lastlng. 

what he could understand, and he had got all the facul- 
ties of curiosity aroused, and his Cautiousness had gone 
to sleep. 

I stooped and picked him up, saying : " You can't 
half see it down there, I will show you all about it." 
And his finger was on the picture with mine trying to 
tell me what he could of its new-found beauties. The 
fact that it was his, was a new thing to him, and I 
seemed to him to know more about his interests and 
possessions than his mother did. 

I then set him down, for fear it would occur to him 
that I was a stranger, and walked right away from him 
and went where his father and mother sat, marked off 
a chart for the mother, and the boy was leaning against 
me, apparently very much at home, and trying to be 
interested in what I was doing. I opened my chart, 
which contained pictures, and told Charlie if he wanted 
to see the pictures he might come now, and he climbed 
up into my lap without assistance, while I kept the 
pictures of the book out of the reach of his eyes until 
he had got fairly into my lap. It was a struggle, and 
when he got fixed and gave a sigh of contentment, I 
turned toward the blazing and half tearful eyes of the 
mother interrogatively, and she burst out, "I give it 
up. Oh, how did you do it ? " 

I quietly replied, " I made no appeal to his Cautious- 
ness, but did everything to allay that feeling, and to 
awaken curiosity and excite his judgment, imagination, 
and affection. Ignoring him was just what he needed, 
yet it was what others did not do, and you always tried 
to urge him to pay attention to the stranger, and make 
friends with him. That defeated its own purpose. I 
took a different course, and you see the result." 



Oeation on Washington. 67 

The boy talked of me for months afterward, and want- 
ed me to " come some more." This method of curing 
timidity I use always when necessary, and it is wonder- 
ful how quickly other faculties can be awakened, and 
Cautiousness be allayed. A timid child is talked to 
and coaxed by every one that calls, and so grows worse. 
If let alone and unnoticed, it would soon get over its 
bashful ness. 



CHAPTEK YL 

OEATION ON WASHINGTON. 

I accepted an invitation to deliver an. oration on the 
life and character of Washington at East Granville, 
Mass., on the 110th anniversary of his birth, Feb. 22d, 
and on the 14th of the month commenced to write the 
address, and for five days devoted myself to the work. 

The celebration was a grand affair. The church was 
dressed very handsomely, and banners, small arms, and 
cannon were appropriately displayed through the church, 
and a large band and well-trained choir belonging to 
the town completed the accessories of the occasion. 
The church was packed, many visitors from neighbor- 
ing towns being present. The venerable Dr. Cooley, 
for forty-five years the pastor of the church, opened the 
exercises by prayer, and a short address in which he 
said, " It was my good fortune once to see General 
Washington, and the life-size oil painting hanging be- 
hind me, here, represents him as I remember his manly 



68 Provoking to Good Works. 

form and dignified bearing." This little speech pro- 
duced silence full of awe and admiration. 

The address, including some musical interludes by 
the band, lasted an hour and a half. If I had been 
twenty years older, I should, probably, have commenced 
to write the address more than seven days before its de- 
livery, and probably made it little more than half so long. 
Nevertheless the town asked for a copy for publication, 
and it was printed, and I accepted an invitation to re- 
peat it at West Suffield, Conn., on the 4th of March, 
and the Granville band went twenty miles to aid in the 
entertainment. 

Mr. Buell and I had lectured in all the region, and many 
were kind enough to take an interest in us on account 
of former fraternal relations. Mr. George W. Rose, 
of Granville, now (1882) of Westfield, Mass., and one 
of the best friends any man ever had, is understood tc 
have been a chief mover in the matter of the invitation 
and arrangements. This I know, he spent weeks 
where I was lecturing at Windsor and West Suffield, 
Conn., and finally drove me away from lecturing and 
examinations, and kept ward at my parlor door at the 
hotel for several days and long evenings lest any should 
seek to consume an hour of my time, until the address 
should be completed. I now vividly remember how he 
urged me to begin, and how he incited me to the work, 
and tried to make me do good work, by saying in his quiet 
way, " You don't know how important an occasion the 
22d of February, 1842, will be. The church will be 
decorated as it never was before. Rev. Dr. Cooley, the 
patriarch of Western Massachusetts, will be there, and 
his venerable brother, Hon. James Cooley, will be 



E. H. Chapin's Prophecy. 69 

there, and Rev. Silas Root, and Elijah Seymour, Esq., 
will be there, and a great many of your friends, and all 
of Mr. Buell's friends will be there — and the house will 
be packed, and / have told all I have talked with, that 
the address will be worth hearing. Now you are to do 
nothing else these few days but to prepare it, and I wil] 
keep everybody away from you." 

If I achieved any credit on account of the address, I 
owe no little of it to the almost womanly interest in 
it and in me which George W. Rose evinced, and he 
still lives, thank God, to read these my thanks. 

In the opening spring we started to work our way up 
the valley of the Connecticut River, beginning at Ca- 
botville, some six miles above Springfield, Mass. This 
is a manufacturing town, mostly in cotton goods. Here 
we met, for the first time, the young and eloquent lect- 
urer, Rev. E. H. Chapin, then of Charlestown, Mass., 
who has since become so much distinguished in New 
York and throughout the country. " The Claims of 
Literature " w^as the title of his lecture. Speaking of 
the onward march of physical improvement, he said : 

"Is it too much to suppose that in time, the rock 
base of Himela will constitute arches for the rail track, 
and the fiery messenger thundering through the wild 
man's territory from Bearing's frozen straits, shall scare 
the eagle from her jutting crag ? Mind can stoop to 
consult the Alpine flower as it blossoms from its crev- 
ice, or contemplate the rolling ocean, or soar among the 
starry orbs of the universe of God." 

This is a pretty good prophecy for 1842, and more 
especially when we remember that there was as yet no 
telegraph, and few, if any, railroads west of the Alle- 



70 East Hampton, Mass. 

ghanies, and the Hudson River, and New York and 
New Haven Railroads, were not then contemplated. 

•We gave a course of lectures at South Hadley Falls, 
a thriving manufacturing village on the east bank of 
the Connecticut, opposite the place where the city of 
Holyoke has been built siuce 1848, and which, in 
1882, contains 26,000 inhabitants, and has become one 
of the most powerful manufacturing towns in the 
country. 

On the 29th of April we opened a course at East- 
hampton, seven miles distant, situated west of the river 
and at the base of the celebrated Mount Tom. This 
town was the native place and home of Samuel Willis- 
ton, the philanthropist, who acquired a large fortune in 
the manufacture of buttons. He established here, in 
1841, a seminary, which bears his name, and, at the 
time of our visit, it contained 110 students. He gave 
to the seminary $270,000, and at his death, in 1874, at 
the age of 79 years, he bequeathed $600,000 more. 
He built and owned the Town Hall and Hotel, and 
three times built a handsome church which was three 
times burned. He also endowed two professorships at 
Amherst College, and gave it $150,000. His gifts and 
bequests amounted to more than $1,500,000. 

Our course of lectures was largely sustained by the 
students, and from that day to this, covering forty years, 
the Williston Seminary and the Williston business 
have been the basis of the prosperity and glory of the 
town. In the month of April, 1882, I was invited to 
join Mr. Buell 'in a course of lectures in that goodly 
town, partly to celebrate the fortieth anniversary of our 
first visit, and chiefly on their part to obtain a course of 



Mount Tom and the Connecticut Yalley. 71 

lectures. But I had too inuch business at home to in- 
dulge the liberty of leaving it for a pleasure so 
promising. 

The town of Easthainpton contained, in 1842, all 
told, but seven hundred people, yet such is their church- 
going habit that the single church of the town on a 
pleasant day will show a congregation of five hundred. 
We opened a course of lectures on the 29th of April 
at the town hall; several of the teachers and many 
students of the seminary joined the people in giving us 
a large attendance, their church-going spirit extending 
to such lectures as they approve ; and such rapt atten- 
tion as such a people give to lectures, is gratifying to 
him who gives them. 

MOUNT TOM AND THE CONNECTICUT VALLEY. 

" The next day we made the ascent of the celebrated 
Mount Tom, which stands on the west bank of the 
Connecticut, and unites with its twin brother on the 
opposite bank to make a gateway for the beautiful 
river, whose smiling waters lave the feet of both. 
From its summit Northampton, w T ith its wealth of 
elms ; Amherst, with its learned halls ; Springfield, with 
its armory ; Hartford, Conn., with its riches, and scores 
of other beautiful but lesser places, from which we 
could count a hundred steeples, with the richest valley 
the sun shines on east of the Ohio, form a landscape 
most charming, bordered, as it is, on the west by the 
blue hills of Berkshire, on the eastern verge of which 
my own home is smiling in the sun, its church-spire 
having no background but the blue sky beyond. From 
this height at least seventy-five miles of the river, like 



72 The Oldest Woolen Factory. 

a ribbon of silver, sparkles in its beauty, and seems 
fully to warrant the lines of Barlow: 

" No watery gleams through fairer valleys shine, 
Nor drinks the sea a purer wave than thine.' 

" During our two weeks' stay at Easthampton we at- 
tended the examination of the students of the Academy, 
at the closing of the term, and we noticed that those 
who excelled in the Greek and Latin classics had 
larger perceptive organs, were fuller across the brow 
than others who did not seem so much at home in those 
studies. The organ of Language gives the memory of 
words and the facility to select the right word in writ- 
ing and conversation; but to learn languages, as a 
science, nearly all the perceptive organs are required, 
especially Individuality, Form, Size, and Eventuality. 
Elibu Burritt, the learned blacksmith, who mastered 
fifty-two languages, had immense perceptive organs, 
but his faculty of Language was only fully developed, 
and his speech was measured, his utterance guarded, as 
if he were daintily choosing which word of several that 
were presented to his mind he would use." 

THE OLDEST WOOLEN FACTORY. 

May 11th we opened a course at Shepherd's Factory 
Village, a place now called Florence, in the western 
part of ^Northampton. In my diary I find this record : 

" In this place is one of the oldest, and 'long ago,' 
one of the most considerable and most respectable 
woolen factories in New England. It was founded in 
1808 by Mr. Shepherd, who often, and, indeed, al- 
most always, obtained the first premium for the best 



"A Spoiled Child." ?3 

broadcloth. He wove by hand, of course. The old 
mill and weave-shop still stand, and though now they 
appear very small by the side of later and larger struct- 
ures, yet, in former years they were visited from afar 
as being very large." 

Ln this pleasant and stirring place we had crowded 
houses, obtained many subscribers to the P " hrenological 
Journal, and did a thriving professional business. 
Among my records of this place I find the following: 

U A SPOILED CHILD, AND HOW IT WAS DONE." 

"Mistaken severity as well as mistaken kindness 
will equally, but very differently, spoil a child. As 
over-indulgence in every whim or imaginary want of a 
child leads to effeminacy, amiable selfishness, capricious 
exactions from friends and servants, and a general help- 
lessness ; so, on the other hand, too much strictness 
and severity in the training ruins the temper and makes 
a vixen to torture the next generation, or utterly crushes 
the spirit and makes life to the child a ' vale of tears.' 
"We give a case in point : 

" I examined in this place the Lead of a little girl 
four years old, and found Destructiveness and Com- 
bativeness very largely developed. Wondering why 
these organs should be so very large, I referred 
to the heads of the father and mother and a younger 
child, and found that none of them had those organs 
in more than a medium degree. This, of course, 
excited my surprise, and I felt it necessary to account 
for the discrepancy, or ascertain the history of the case. 
Accordingly I suggested to the parents that the child 
must have been very much annoyed and irritated by 
4 



74 How it was Done. 

surrounding influences to induce at so early an age such 
extraordinary developments. * 

" The mother, with regretful earnestness, replied : 
' That is true, and I will explain the reason. I have 
heen a teacher and " boarded around," and seeing so 
much slackness and imbecility in parental government, 
I firmly resolved if I ever had children, I would begin 
with them in season and make them go straight. Ac- 
cordingly, this girl being my first child, I began early 
to make her toe the mark, and I used to train and whip 
her for every little offense or neglect. She has become 
very fretful, peevish, and violent in temper, so that 
now, whipping only makes her worse. A few days ago 
I lost my temper and gave her a severe whipping, and 
the moment I got through with her she seized the tire- 
tongs, and with a severe blow she broke the back of her 
pet kitten that was sitting by the fire. When her 
anger had subsided she mourned piteously for the death 
of her pet, and she can not get over her loss. She is a 
very bad child when angry, and I do not know what I 
can do with her. I have, however, taken a very differ- 
ent course with my other one, and she is easily man- 
aged, though her natural disposition is no more amia- 
ble than that of the older one was at first. I fear I 
have spoiled my little girl by unnecessary strictness 
and severity.' " 

This painful fact has doubtless since then helped me 
in hundreds of instances, to guide and aid other mothers 
in the adoption of better methods in the training .of 
their precious pets, whose upgrowth to goodness and to 
God was the hope and the burden of their life. 

Mr. Buell left me to finish up our course in North- 



Married, but Not Mated. 75 

ampton, and opened in Williamsburg, seven miles dis- 
tant, situated on the "Mill River" which was torn to 
pieces May 16th, 1874, by the breaking away of the 
reservoir dam above the town, causing loss of life and 
$2,000,000. 

Many interesting incidents occurred daring this course 
of lectures, a single one of which may be related from 
my diary : 

MARRIED, BUT NOT MATED. 

"A Mrs. was brought forward for public exam- 
ination, and was described as possessing very large 
Combativeness, Destructiveness, and Adhesiveness, and 
a feeble intellect. She and her husband quarrelled and 
made up, and for a short time would live in the most 
affectionate manner, and then quarrel most desperately, 
thus parting and meeting several times a year. He, 
however, felt compelled to leave her. She is looked 
upon as a demon in temper, yet at times she is quite 
friendly. A day or two after this, the husband having 
still great affection for her, came in to consult with me 
about the possibility of living with her. I gave him a 
rule for their mutual observance, viz : never, w x hen one 
became angry, to talk to the angry side of the other's 
character, but to say nothing, or else talk through lov- 
ing-kindness to the feelings of love and kindness in the 
other. He wept as I talked, and went and brought 
his wife to hear how they might live in peace and 
love. They agreed to try it faithfully." 

Three years later I heard they were living together 
pleasantly, and blessing the day they met with Phre- 
nology and a Phrenologist, for to them it had been a 
gospel of peace. I still remember how at that place 



76 Color Blindness. 

we were thronged at the lectures, and driven with work 
to the latest hour of staying, and how three were left 
waiting for examinations because Mr. Buell had been 
gone to Whately for three days, and I was to lecture 
there that evening, and had only two hours to get nine 
miles over a hilly road. The team and baggage had been 
'waiting for an hour, and I gave twenty charts that day 
before I left. We drove at the best speed attainable, 
and reached Whately twenty minutes behind time. 

The audience had assembled, and Mr. Buell, having 
said I was to lecture, assured the impatient audience 
that I never failed, but he would examine a head to 
pass the time, and had hardly commenced it when the 
team came up in a foam, and I ran up-stairs and asked 
Mr. Buell what my subject was to be, and at once en- 
tered upon it. To meet a crowded house with such a 
welcome, and aid in conducting a course of lectures to 
a people so amiable and intelligent, and so eager to 
catch and remember every word, is a pleasure which 
the lapse of forty years has not dimmed, a joy which 
seems now as fresh as if it were yesterday. 

COLOR BLINDNESS. 

At this place we examined the heads of two brothers 
residing here, Dr. Harwood and Col. Harwood, who 
are intelligent and cultured men. They have good 
eyesight and can not tell green from ripe cherries, or 
strawberries by their color. A red cherry in front of 
a green leaf appears to be merged, lost, as much as a 
small green leaf, of the size and form of a cherry, would 
be if placed in front of a large green leaf. They said 
they could barely distinguish between the tincture of 



A Keen Woman to Deal Wrra. 77 

blood-root and Jamaica spirits, standing side by side 
in transparent bottles. They were brought to us as a 
test, and we promptly detected and stated the defect. 

a keen woman to deal with. 

At Whately there was an old-time church edifice, 
but no lecture-room, and the church met for everything 
but preaching service, and all other public meetings 
were held in the Hall of the Temperance Hotel, and 
of course our lectures were given there. The rostrum 
was in the middle of one side of the hall, and just be- 
hind the speaker was a door opening into a long pas- 
sage which led to a stairway leading to the sitting-room 
or nursery. Mrs. Bush, the landlady, stayed with the 
babe down-stairs to permit her girls to attend the lect- 
ures, and the door behind the speaker being open, she 
could hear every word he said, but could not see any 
one in the hall. We had. a committee chosen by the 
audience at the start, to select silently, and bring for- 
ward subjects for examination. Mrs. Bush wondered 
who the first man was, and listened attentively, and 
concluded she knew who it must be. She had been 
brought up and lived all her life there, and she sup- 
posed she must be well acquainted with every one in the 
hall. She was satisfied. The second one was examined 
and she judged she was right in that. When her girls 
came down she asked who was first examined and who 
second, and she had their names written on the margin 
of a paper on her table. This awakened her ambition 
to continue trying her skill, and for the whole course 
she did the same thing, being right in twenty-one cases 
and half right in the twenty-second case. She had it 



78 Injury of Brain — Proof of Phrenology. 

Mr. A. or Mr. B., and it was A. She was a bright and 
beautiful woman, and we read of her death with regret 
about 1880, jet thankful that so good and useful a life 
had been spared so long. The examinations must have 
been very close to the mark, and she must have been 
very acute to recognize each man, even if he were per- 
fectly described. 

South Deerh'eld was our next place. This is called 
Bloody Brook, because of the massacre by seven hun- 
dred Indians of seventy white men in 1675. Their 
flowing blood colored the water of the brook, and it 
thus derived its name. A monument of marble twenty 
feet high records and commemorates the sad event. 

INJURY OF BRAIN PROOF OF PHRENOLOGY. 

Here we met and examined in public the head of 
Mrs. Ephraim Sprague, and afterward we had an inter- 
view with her at her house. She was suffering great 
distress of mind because her husband, who was injured 
in the head by a blow from the horn of an ox, and suf- 
fered for years before he died, seemed to be thor- 
oughly alienated from his wife, and even hated her. 
She told her story, and we assured her that the injury 
of his brain was the cause of his aversion for her. At 
our request she gave to us for publication in the 
Phrenological Journal for August, 1842, the follow- 
ing statement in writing : 

" My late husband, Mr. Ephraim Sprague, for many 
years after marriage, was a very warm-hearted friend 
and a devoted husband. Indeed, no man more than he 
was attached to his friends, or manifested those traits of 
character which are purely friendly. He received a 



E. S pr ague's Injury. 79 

severe blow upon the head which caused much pain for 
a time ; but he so far recovered as to be able to attend 
to his business. After this partial recovery he fre- 
quently manifested an alienation of friendship ; and 
was often suspicious that his best friends were his ene- 
mies. For the last live years of his life he became very 
irritable. Nothing could be done for him to his satis- 
faction, and he would often complain to his hired man 
that I was his enemy. 

li As the difficulty increased in his head, his affection 
for me (of whom before he was very fond) appeared at 
times to be entirely alienated. This caused me much 
sorrow, and I desired to conceal the fact from my neigh- 
bors. I doubled my assiduity to please and comfort 
him, yet his suspicious fears, irritability, and coldness 
were frequent. His intellect remained unimpaired till 
his death, which occurred June 5th, 1840." 

From these phenomena we at once concluded that 
the organs of Cautiousness, Secretiveness, Combative- 
ness, and Adhesiveness must have been the seat of the 
injury. Mrs. Sprague having stated that a post-mortem 
of the case was made by Dr. S. W. Williams, of Deer- 
field, we resolved to investigate the matter to see if the 
injury of the brain involved the phrenological organs 
which seemed by his aberrations of character to have 
been affected. Accordingly we visited Dr. Williams, 
and after explaining the matter verbally, he brought 
forward his book of reports and permitted us to copy 
the case. Dr. Williams' report is as follows : 

" Upon examining the head, we found the dura 
mater adhering more firmly than usual to the skull. 
This membrane was thin and not injected. The skull 



80 Dr. Williams' Report. 

itself was very thin. The right hemisphere of the cer- 
ebrum was healthy. The left was much diseased upon 
the top and back part of it, even as far as the falx. An 
abscess had formed in this place, of the size of a small 
goose egg, or, rather, the brain in this place was much 
softer than natural, and in that state which the French 
call ramollissement. It contained but little pus. The 
shape of the softened part was pyramidal, pointing 
toward the base of the cerebrum on that side of the 
head. All the other parts of the brain were natural." 
To this copy of his report, the doctor — though ex- 
pressing disbelief in Phrenology — kindly gave his cer- 
tificate, as we desired to publish the facts, to wit : 

" I hereby certify that the above is a correct copy 
from my statement of the post obit examination of 
the brain of Ephraim Sprague, of South Deerfield, 
who died June 5, 1840. 

" Stephen W. Willtams. 
" Deerfield, Mass., June 20, 1842." 

The doctor remarked to us in explanation that he in- 
tended the report to be understood that the diseased 
part of the hemisphere was upward, backward, and 
outward. 

Thus the diseased part corresponded, as we at first 
suspected, with the location of the organs of Cautious- 
ness, Secretiveness, Combativeness, and Adhesiveness 
(Friendship), and produced a disturbance of the natural 
manifestation of these faculties. Thus learning from 
the widow what traits of character the injury induced, 
we located the place of the blow and the injury, and 
the post mortem notes of a doctor, who opposed 



A Tough Test, a Triumph, and a Convert. 81 



Phrenology, gave confirmation of its truth. We do 
not forget the surprised and puzzled look he gave 
when we showed him the organs involved in the in- 
jury, and compared our Phrenological head, or bust, 
with his own notes. 

A TOUGH TEST, A TRIUMPH, AND A CONVERT. 

Another most interesting fact occurred in South 
Deerfield at one of our public lectures. We had given 
several lectures, and the whole people seemed aroused 
in the interest of our subject. There was a Dr. A., 
who professed to be a disbeliever in Phrenology, and 
had announced his disbelief to all the people. We 
were carrying all the citizens with us, and the doctor 
felt that he must seem to the people to be on the losing 
side unless he could make a rally and break us down, 
or bring the science into discredit. I rose one evening 
to commence the lecture, when Dr. A. addressed me 
from the back part of the room, and requested permis- 
sion to say that he had a skull with him which he de- 
sired to submit for public examination at the close of 
the lecture. He said he knew the person well during 
life, and had written the facts so as to compare them 
with the statements of the Phrenologist. 

I replied, "We will not wait till the close of the 
lecture, for if we make a mistake, as the doctor evident- 
ly hopes and experts we will, the audience may not 
care to hear anything more on the subject, and I might 
not feel in the mood to lecture. So if we are to be 
vanquished, I prefer to have it done while I am in full 
strength. Please bring forward the skull." 

Mr. Bnell and I examined the skull carefully while 
4* 



82 Though Dead, Yet Speaketh 



the audience remained in an excited, whispering state. 
Behind the desk, out of sight of the audience, we put a 
lighted candle, which we carried for such uses, into the 
skull, and <£ound that the light shone through it at the 
sides and back part of it in the region of the passions 
and propensities, as if the skull were made of a few 
thicknesses of oiled paper. In front, in the region of 
the intellect, all was dark, as if the skull were very 
thick, except on each side just where the organ of Tune 
is located, on a space about as large as a quarter of a 
dollar. This was very bright from the light, and ap- 
parently scarcely thicker than letter-paper. Besides, 
the front half of the skull felt heavy, and holding it in 
the center it would balance forward, with a bump. 
We noticed that the form of the head was like that of 
a female, the bones of the face were light, and the gen- 
eral quality of the bone was delicate and the teeth were 
young. Our conclusion having been thus reached, I 
called for a person to act as reporter, to take down all 
that would be said, so as to compare it with the bio- 
graphical paper the Doctor had prepared. All things 
being ready, and the audience painfully intent to hear 
the statement, I commenced slowly, so that every word 
could be written : 

" This is the skull of a female about twenty years 
old. She had a well-balanced head and character up to 
about fourteen years of age, was bright and intelligent, 
a good scholar, and ambitious, energetic, and affection- 
ate, but something happened about that time that 
spoiled her intellect with the single exception that her 
musical talent remained very active. Meanwhile the 
propensities were made unduly active, and not being 



The Tables Turned. 83 

regulated by the intellect or moral sentiments, she be- 
came quarrelsome, cruel, cunning, avaricious, glutton- 
ous, and inclined to social debasement." 

I then called on the Doctor to send up the biogiaphy. 
But he hesitated and said the description had in some 
respects corresponded with the real character, but he 
thought it was all guesswork. 

I replied : " Doctor, you brought this skull and offer- 
ed it as a challenge, saying you had the sketch written 
in your pocket ; that you knew all about the person 
who carried the skull, and now you try to palm off an 
oral statement and insult us by the claim that if we 
have in any sense described the person it is ' guess- 
work.' This course is unfair, it is unmanly, and be- 
ing a medical man, it is wholly unprofessional. I 
demand * Caesar's will,' and hope the gentleman near 
the door will not permit the Doctor to carry it away. 
It is due to the audience, it is due to us, it is due to the 
Doctor, and to truth, that we have it to compare with 
our statement." 

Then the audience clamored for it, and the Doctor 
sent it up. I then invited the venerable Deacon Graves, 
who occupied a front seat, to ascend the platform and 
read both papers. First the Doctor's, then our state- 
ment. If I remember correctly, the whispering in the 
audience had ceased, and there was stillness that could 
be felt. The good deacon read with dignity : 

" The skull presented is that of a girl who was re- 
markably bright in every respect, and possessed a most 
excellent disposition until she was about fourteen and a 
half years old. She was forward as a scholar, and ex- 
celled in music. She. took a heavy cold, followed by 



84 A Mistake axd a Lesson. 

brain fever, and when she recovered from it her intel- 
lect was utterly gone, except the single faculty of mu- 
sic, and though she lived six years as an idiot, she 
would sing like a nightingale. Her temper became 
very violent, and she was a terror to her friends, and 
what was worse, she became vulgar and obscene. She 
was a patient of mine, and I knew her entire history." 

The audience listened to the reading of my statement, 
and then broke out in prolonged applause. 

The Doctor then came forward to the platform and 
took me by the hand, saying : " This removes the only 
stumbling-block I had in regard to the acceptance of 
Phrenology as a science. I thought a head so well 
shaped would deceive you, but you have not only de- 
scribed her as she really was before she was ill, but as 
she was after sickness spoiled her, which I thought it 
impossible for anybody to do." 

I put it to vote if the lecture should then be given, 
and I really have forgotten how the vote stood, but Dr. 
A. having taken a seat in front, I know he voted for 
the lecture. While we remained in town he did all he 
could to make our stay a pleasure and a profit. 

A MISTAKE AKD ITS LESSON. 

At Sunderland, Mass., we gave a short course, and at 
one of the lectures a man thirty years of age was brought 
forward in public for examination by me. His head 
was narrow at Acquisitiveness, Secretiveness, Destruc- 
tiveness, and Combativeness, was high at Benevolence 
and Veneration, and rather large at Cautiousness, and 
having a constitution not very strong, I described him 



An Unselfish Thief. 85 

as more inclined to mental than to physical effort, indif- 
ferent to property, frank, open, and transparent. 

It was asked: "Would he cheat or steal, and lie 
about it ? " 

My answer was, " E~o. He does not care enough for 
property to cheat or steal to get it, and if he undertook 
either he could not conceal it." The next subject was 
a solid, substantial man, healthy, strong, and vigorous ; 
the side-head was full, and the selfish propensities of 
Combativeness, Destructiveness, Acquisitiveness, and 
Secrstiveness were large, with a strong intellect and 
good moral and religious developments. Of this man 
I said: "Here is a man who will work hard, plan 
wisely, economize closely, give no man the best of a 
bargain with him, and he will get rich and keep a sharp 
lookout for the dollar side of his affairs. He would 
drive a harder bargain than the other, and he would 
give thirt}-six and only thirty-six inches. to a yard, and 
demand the same." 

At the close of the lecture they told me the first man 
was a cheating, tricky trader, a real jockey, and that he 
would take any unfair advantage, and had been known 
to steal. Nobody believed his word or would trust him 
where values were in question. The second man was 
wealthy, respectable, a deacon of the church, and one 
whose word was the end of controversy. ■ 

Of course this seemed a set-back, and I studied upon 
it until the next lecture, when I said to the audience : 
"The only way I can account for the' traits you at- 
tribute to the man first examined last night, is, that he 
lacks the force to be industrious, and needing to make 
the means for existence he plots intellectually to com- 



86 Loyes Monet Too Well to Steal. 

pass his ends. He cares too little for property to work 
hard to make it, and only puts forth effort, as a cat 
does, when hungry. If he had large Acquisitiveness, 
to crave property, large Combativeness and Destructive- 
ness to make him willing to work hard and steady to 
get it, and had Secretiveness to lay up, store away and 
keep, he would make enough without cheating or steal- 
ing. 

" The deacon loves money well enough to be ' dili- 
gent in business,' has energy enough to drive and keep 
driving, has talent to look ahead and plan well, and is 
thus equipped to secure success more largely than he 
could by unfair or tricky methods, and his moral and 
religious forces indorse his course, and hence he always 
feels strong. He loves money and earns and keeps it, 
as the squirrel lays up in summer for winter, while the 
improvident hen eats her fill from a heap -of corn, 
given or stolen, and walks away happy till again 
hungry." 

Some of course said Phrenology was at fault, but the 
deacon said my reasoning in his case was satisfactory, 
and he thought it was correct in respect to the other. 

Many years of subsequent observation and reflection 
have eoniirined in me the opinion, that the petty thieves 
of the world have too little Acquisitiveness to lead them 
to work earnestly to acquire and to deny present appe- 
tite, passion, or pleasure in order to accumulate. At 
the u Tombs Police Court" in New York, a dozen 
petty thieves may be seen of a morning, who have sought 
fun as loungers, at regattas, cock-fights, races, base- 
ball games, or pugilistic encounters, and when night 
found them with empty pockets, empty stomachs, and 



Remarkable Examinations in Jail. 87 

whisky-shattered brains, they have grabbed a loaf of 
bread, a ham, or something that could be pawned for a 
day's food and drink, and they are brought up delin- 
quent. Now, most of these cases would be reversed if 
the organs before mentioned which give energy, pru- 
dence, and love of property, were increased in size and 
strength sufficiently to give a desire for, and the energy 
to earn a competence. Most of the petty thefts arise 
from present pinching need, and not from the spirit of 
thrift and desire for wealth. Most of the great defal- 
cations are made for speculative purposes with the ex- 
pectation of returning every dollar that is borrowed, 
and we risk making banks and merchants nervous by 
saying, that probably numerous borrowings are wrong- 
fully made, and carefully returned, where one is caught 
at it, disgraced, and punished. 

REMARKABLE EXAMINATIONS IN JAIL. 

After a course at Sunderland and at Deerfield we 
reached Greenfield, the shiretown of Franklin County. 
Here we were invited by three lawyers, Messrs. New- 
comb, Davis, and Dawes — now United States Senator — 
to visit the jail and examine several persons confined 
on various criminal charges. One man was examined 
who was committed for theft. He was described as 
having only an average-sized head with large Acquisitive- 
ness, small Cautiousness and Conscientiousness, with 
very large Veneration ; we said he would be very 
religious, but dishonest in the direction of property. 
Plis lawyer told him we were not his enemies and that 
he might tell us what he had told him. He went on 
to say that he had for years stolen anything he could 



88 Experiences in an Insane Asylum. 

carry away without regard to its usefulness or value to 
himself. He was very devout arid had belonged to a 
sect called Perfectionists ; that at a prayer meeting he 
had prayed three times in the course of the meeting, 
and then on his way home a spirit of prayer would 
seize him and he would kneel down in the corner of a 
fence, and pour out his heart to G-od there all alone, 
and a sweet and blessed time he had ; but before he 
got home if he saw a hoe, or beetle and wedges, or 
crowbar, he would steal it and hide it in a hollow log. 
in a piece of woods on his way home. His father had 
all he wanted of these things ; he could not, therefore, 
use them, or sell them, or keep them in sight, and they 
now lay crammed into the hollow log, stolen and hidden, 
but useless. 



CHAPTER YII. 

EXPERIENCES LN AN INSANE ASYLUM. 

On the 2d of July, at Brattleboro, Vermont, we 
visited the State Asylum for the Insane, under the 
superintendence of Dr. Rockwell. 

We did not know Dr. Rockwell's opinion of Phre- 
nology, and of course had no idea whether our announce- 
ment as Phrenologists would secure for us a warm or a 
cool reception. As we entered we were conducted to 
the public waiting-room, and being told that the 
Doctor took a short nap every afternoon and that it 
was about time for him to appear, we were requested 
to wait his coming. Being thus left to our meditations 



Dr. Rockwell and tite Insane. 89 

we took in the surroundings, and saw with pleasure a 
portrait of Dr. Spurzheim hanging above the mantel, 
and a Phrenological Bust standing upon it. This as- 
sured us that our Master was here before us. In a 
short time the Doctor entered, with his tall, bony form, 
shackling gait, black hair standing every way, and 
which sundry careless running of his lingers through 
it, showed that the hair was used to it. He had such an 
awkward, sleepy look, that he seemed as if he had been 
a month watching insane, sick people, and had need of 
forty-eight hours of sleep to start with. 

As he learned who we were, he reached out both 
hands and said, " My friends, you are welcome." 

A few moments' conversation showed the doctor to 
be clear-headed, and, while very tirin, also full of kind 
and friendly feeling. He said he had about a hundred 
and thirty patients, and invited us to go through the 
institution, and led the way. Insane people like to see 
strangers, and readily submit to phrenological inspec- 
tion. 

Dr. Rockwell would present a subject and ask us to 
tell Ins hobby, or the line of faculties which would be 
most likely to manifest aberration. This we gladly at- 
tempted in perhaps thirty cases, and the doctor told us at 
the close of the visit that we had hit every case in the 
main, and in not a few cases the diagnosis was startling 
for its truthfulness and specific point, the type of in- 
sanity being in every case specified. When we had re- 
turned to the large waiting-room, we saw a tall, tine- 
looking and well-dressed gentleman leaning against a 
column, and I noticed he resembled Henry Clay in 
build, height, and complexion, and on approaching him 



90 Ceazt foe the Presidency. 

the doctor said, " Suppose you lay your hauds on this 
gentleman's head, and tell me what his hobby would 
be if he had one." 

I said, "If he will be kind enough to sit, I will do 
so with pleasure." 

He took a seat, and his immensely high and broad 
crown of head gave positive indication of the most 
intense ambition and desire for distinction. This was 
stated to be his leading feature of character, and that if 
he were to become warped it would doubtless be in the 
direction of aspiration for office and honor. 

The doctor beckoned me to him, and requested me 
to ask him, " Who ought to be President of the United 
States ? " and assured me it would be all right. I 
walked back and said, " Will you tell me who ought to 
be President of the United States? " 

He sprang to his feet, threw his head aloft, and strid- 
ing around the room, replied, " I — I — I ought to be 
President of the United States, and I am going to be, 
too." 

" All right," I said, " you shall have my vote," and 
he cooled down and manifested the pleasant and court- 
ly qualities of the well-bred gentleman. He was intelli- 
gent, well-educated, wealthy, and of good family, and his 
only aberration was on the one point of being Presi- 
dent. His general appearance gave us no idea that he 
was a patient. We supposed he might be an assistant 
physician or some other important functionary. 

In this institution, and in others which we have visit- 
ed, we were able, in most cases, to indicate the faculty 
or propensity through which insanity had made its ap- 
pearance. Some are warped through the undue excite- 



Peculiarities of the Insane. 91 

ment of Benevolence, or Yeneration ; some through an 
extra tender conscience, and accuse themselves of the 
unpardonable sin ; some through abnormal Cautious- 
ness, some through love of gain, some through mechan- 
ism, others through poetic imagination, some through 
parental love, and many through conjugal love ; some 
through Music, Art, or Language, and the patient is 
sentimental and innocent ; some through Destructive- 
ness and Combativeness, and then the patient is tierce 
and dangerous. These latter are, by the world, called 
crazy, the other kinds are called " warped," u whimsi- 
cal," or " luny." Many persons go through life and 
are called sane, who are liable to be thrown out of bal- 
ance by loss of friends, reputation, or property. Those 
with excess of Caution and moderate Hope, low vitali- 
ty and excitable temperament become melancholic, and 
this is by far the more common type of mental derange- 
ment, as a harp or piano may be out of tune from too 
great a tension of the strings, but is far more common- 
ly and quite as much out of tune in consequence of the 
slackness of the strings. 

Dr. Rockwell continued at the head of this asylum 
until 1872, when he resigned, and his place in 1873 
was worthily filled by Dr. J. Draper, formerly three 
years at the old Worcester, Mass., Hospital, and from 
1870 to 1873 with Dr. Buttolph at Trenton, JST. J. 

At Brattleboro we bought the skull of the celebrated 
Winnebago chief, " Big Thunder," who died in ISM, 
about eighteen miles from where Chicago now stands. 
The skull was offered us for examination, and was de- 
scribed so nearly to the life that Dr. Spanieling was 
willing to exchange it for Phrenological works, and it 



92 Putney, Vt., and the " Perfectionists." 

is now one of the most remarkable specimens in the 
phrenological cabinet at New York. 

Having completed an interesting course of lectures 
at Brattleboro, the largest town in this region of conn- 
try, we went to Putney, ten miles north. This is a 
thriving town, with many kinds of manufactures, and 
was then noted as the home of John H. Noyes, the 
founder of the order of Perfectionists, which has since 
culminated in the Oneida Community. This people 
received us kindly, and we gave our course of lectures 
in their chapel. At that time the Community feature 
had not been fully developed, and a few years after, 
they removed to Oneida, N". Y„ and promulgated their 
progressive ideas. We gave nine lectures here to 
audiences very large for the population of the place. I 
remained to finish, while Mr. Buell went and started a 
course at Walpole, N. H., ten miles up the Connecti- 
cut. I followed him on the 19th, and continued the 
course. This place is the natal home of Rev. Dr. 
Henry W. Bellows, late of New York. The principal 
of the Academy here, Mr. Bellows, spoke at my lecture 
on Education, and said he felt a deep interest in our suc- 
cess and in favor of our mode of presenting Phrenology. 
He said our lectures must produce incalculable good in 
reference to the education of children. We gave 
courses of lectures in Westminster, Vt., Drewsville, 
and Paper Mill Village, N. H. At this last place I ex- 
amined the head of a man who is idiotic. My diary 
records that : " His head is but twenty inches around 
and 12 inches from ear to ear over the top, with an 
anterior lobe of brain only an inch and a half long. 
He has large Acquisitiveness, Constructiveness, De- 



Two Memorable Ministers. 93 

structiveness, Firmness, Order, Eventuality, Locality, 
and for these traits he is remarkable, yet he is idiotic in 
judgment. He lays up valueless things in perfect order, 
has strong memory of persons, places, and events, and 
tries to construct. He is willful and high-tempered." 

TWO MEMORABLE MINISTERS. 

August 5th, Mr. Euell went to Saxton's River, Vt., 
a handsome place four miles west of Bellows Falls, on 
a river which gives it its name. Here are several 
factories and a thriving Seminary, and when we called 
on the Congregational minister, Rev. Mr. Benton, to 
advise with him relative to giving a course of lectures, 
he replied : " Your visit here is welcome, and I offer 
you my church for your course, and I will do what I 
can to forward your enterprise." 

At the close of one of our lectures we made a double test 
examination of the Baptist minister, Rev. Mr. Guilford. 
One examined before the audience while the other re- 
tired with a committee to be out of ear reach ; then re- 
turning made the second examination. The audience 
applauded the effort as being perfect in agreement not 
only, but also in correctly reading the man. 

\Ve both said he ought to be a soldier, for he had so 
much force he hardly knew how to restrain himself 
when people opposed him. He told us the next day that 
he often had a strong impulse to smite a stranger 
when he met him, not from ill-will, but as an outlet 
for force, just as an ox gores a bank. 

Rev. Mr. Benton used phrenological terms in his 
sermon, Sunday, August 14th, and every word seemed 



94 A Trick that did not Work. 

to go home to the hearers, and be thoroughly understood 
and felt. 

At Cambridge Port, three miles west of Saxton's 
River, we gave a course of lectures. Amoug those who 
called for examination was " a boy, John Wiley, Jr., 
six years old, with a well-proportioned head measuring 
in circumference 24 inches and 16 inchei from ear to 
ear over the top of the head. He is intelligent, a very 
bright scholar, and has red hair"; 20J- by 12 is a 
good size for the head of a boy of his age. 

Grafton, Yt., the next place visited, is a thriving 
town with several factories and stores, and two hotels. 
" Since there is a rivalry between the hotels and the 
people divide on the point, Mr. Buell stops at one and 
I stop at the other." We gave here a lengthy course 
and were well patronized. 

A TRICK THAT DID NOT WORK. 

At one of the lectures Mr. Buell made a public ex- 
amination of a young merchant and described him as 
too sharp at a trade to do the fair thing and give all 
the facts. He and his employer contrived, through 
some of their friends, to get the consent of the phre- 
nologists to make a double-test examination — each to 
examine the subject before the audience in the absence 
of the other. 

A lady was brought forward wearing a cloak with 
her face veiled, and was seated on the platform. As 
an excuse for the veiling it was stated that the lady 
would not otherwise consent to be examined. 

I examined first, and among other things said, " This 
lady resembles her father, and wishes she had been a 



Embodied False Peetense. 95 

man. She is full of business tact, gets the worth of 
her money, and would stand her ground with the 
sharpest of peddlers, if she did not get the best of him. 
She' has a man's head on a woman's shoulders." 

The bell of the church in which we were assembled 
was then struck, to call the committee who had Mr. 
Bnell in charge across the way at the hotel, and I was 
requested to take a remote seat out of ready sight 
of the platform, at least where I could not be supposed 
to give any signals. 

Mr. Buell was brought in, and said, " This lady has 
the disposition and tendencies of the masculine nature, 
is twice as much like her father as like her mother, and 
if I were blindfolded I would say it was a man's head. 
She is a natural trader, generally gets the best of the 
bargain, and should cultivate Conscientiousness to pre- 
vent financial selfishness carrying her too far." 

Many other points were touched by both examiners, 
and in language quite similar. The subject was dis- 
missed, and in walking down the aisle to leave for 
home, it was whispered that it was the young merchant 
in the disguise of woman's clothes. A rush was made, 
and before the subject reached home he lost a skirt or 
two in the rough haste of the race. Then it came out 
that he and his employer thought if the examiners could 
be led to give a good character, supposing it to be a 
lady, it would tend to extract the severity of the orig- 
inal public examination. It also came out that he was 
a noted cheat and liar, and when a simple farmer came 
to the village to trade, he had boasted of cheating such 
green people most shamefully. 

This of course made a town talk greatly to the dis- 



96 "Shabby Genteel." 

advantage and chagrin of the clerk and his employer, 
for he got quite as sharp treatment as at the first, and 
that in double dose, and that too when the examiners 
thought they were dealing with a lady. " Haman " will 
probably have followers' to the end of time. 

Our next location was at Proctors ville in the town 
of Cavendish, "Windsor County. It is a thriving place 
thirteen miles west of the Conn. River, and its prosperity, 
like many other Vermont towns, depends on manu- 
factures. The owner of the woolen mills, Hon. Abel 
Gilson, I met, and boarded with several weeks at 
Washington, D. C, in 1841. He gave us cordial wel- 
come and facilitated the object of our visit iu every 
way he could. Our first of a course of ten lectures 
here was given on the 31st of August. 



I quote from my diary : " Sept. 3d, in the evening 
I gave our fourth lecture at the academy, to a large 
audience. I examined the head of two persons ; one 
was Mr. Tarbel, whose head Mr. Buell examined at the 
lecture the evening previous and gave him a hard 
character. He then came forward in bad clothes, with 
a long beard, etc. This evening he was shaved, had on 
a nice suit of clothes, and spectacles, and was so much 
disguised that a near neighbor of his who sat by his 
side did not know him. I gave him the same charac- 
ter as did Mr. Buell the night before, and thus nailed 
him fast." 

In this town is a large and rich quarry of serpentine 
stone and a factory for working it into mantels, tables, 
etc. I have never seen finer stone of its kind. Its 



Fibers or no Fibers — A Learned Lawyer. 97 

rich black, green, and white are so disposed as to pro- 
duce a very fine effect. It being serpentine and 
not containing lime, the strongest acids will not re- 
move its polish ; and though hard to work, it is most 
admirable and durable. I took a piece of this 
stone from the quarry, from which I wrought in a turn- 
ing lathe, by five days of persistent labor, a head for a 
hickory cane, the stick being cut in Suffield, Conn., the 
previous "March, and now, forty years later, the cane 
is to me both a pleasure and a pride, and admired by 
all. I am satisfied it will never be copied. 

In the evening at our lecture we made a double test 
examination of Mr. Seaver in the absence of each other 
and with his face covered. It was said to be a fortu- 
nate delineation of his character, and, as usual, we de- 
scribed him precisely alike. 

Sept. 7th, Mr. Buell lectured and I spent the even- 
ing commencing the writing of a work on Phrenology, 
entitled " Guide to Phrenology and Cbart," which we 
were to publish under our joint names. 

FIBERS OR NO FIBERS A LEARNED LAWYER. 

At one of my lectures here, I was explaining that 
we do not estimate the mental organs, as most people 
persist in claiming that we do, by bumps, but by radial 
distance from the medulla oblongata, or capital of 
the spinal marrow, to the surface of the brain where the 
organs are located (as will be explained and illustrated, 
farther on in this work ; page 385), that the brain is 
developed from that point by means of fibers toward 
the brain surface like the spokes of a wheel, or the ribs 
of a palm-leaf fan. 
5 



98 Wisdom Uninformed. 

At this point, C. French, Esq., a young lawyer of the 
village, and who was professor of " Jurisprudence of In- 
sanity 7 ' in a small Medical college at Castletori,Yt., rose in 
his place and said, with the leave of: the lecturer, he de- 
sired to make a statement to the audience, and that con- 
sent being promptly accorded, he said : " My friends, 
with due respect to our young friend, the lecturer, I 
desire to say that having had, as you know, some acquaint- 
ance with the subjects relating to the brain, and with the 
brain itself, I am prepared to assert that there are no 
fibers in the brain, no more, indeed, than there are in a 
bowl of custard. It can be cut with a spoon, as custard 
can be. The phrenological theory of brain fibers must 
be erroneous." 

Having thus ventilated the fact that he was a legal 
professor in a medical college, and shown what he did 
not know, I replied with perfect coolness and good 
humor, though with a slight tint of sarcasm, if one had 
not too much Self-esteem to see it, or to think it possible 
to be deserved, as follows : 

" My friends, I certainly am exceedingly obliged to 
the gentleman for calling my attention to a point which I 
had supposed was sufficiently understood and accepted, 
without being extendedly explained and defended. First 
then, let me say that the founder of Phrenology was 
Dr. Gall, a German physician— and they educate their 
physicians in Germany — and so high was his standing 
that he was called to be physician to the Emperor of 
Austria, in that city of scientific learning, Yienna, and 
among the learned men in Germany he stood with 
the h'rst. He taught that the brain is fibrous, as I have 
stated. Dr. Spurzheim, the associate of Dr. Gall, was 



A Lawyer Once in the Wrong* 99 

also an educated German physician, and the two men 
in Paris taught the fibrous structure of the brain in 
their lectures, and in the largest work ever written on 
the brain, and the savants of that learned metropolis 
did not dare to dispute it ; and when in 1828 Dr. Gall 
died, the learned men of France stood at his grave, 
and, as is their custom, to utter their grief in eulogy. 
Five of them did so on this occasion. One of the best 
men of France then said: 'A great man has fallen, 
and France bends in sorrow over his grave to do him 
honor.' That is the kind of man who taught the doc- 
trine we repeat here, and those were the men, his 
pupils, who accepted his teachings, and mourned when 
the great man fell." 

I suppose Mr. French represented the state of medi- 
cal science on the subject, where he taught juris- 
prudence, and thought he was doing his neighbors 
justice to disabuse them, and himself justice in the op- 
portunity of saying that he knew something which the 
audience among which he lived did not know. I never 
doubted that the occasion gratified his Apj)robativeness 
and Self-esteem, nor doubted that these faculties in- 
spired his effort. Five years before that, viz. : in 1837, 
Dr. Sewall, of Washington, had delivered and published 
lectures against Phrenology, in which he had plainly 
recognized and stated the fibrous theory of the brain, 
and had not disputed it. 

Within ten years from the time Mr. French publicly 
denied the fibrous structure of the brain, the great 
work of Dr. Gray on human anatomy was published in 
Loudon, and from that time to the present it has been 
the standard text-book of anatomy in every English- 



100 



Brain Fibers Illustrated. 



speaking medical college in the world. The work is 
entitled " Anatomy, Descriptive and Surgical, by 




Henry Gray, F.R.S., Fellow of the Royal College of 
Surgeons, and lecturer on Anatomy at St. George's 
Hospital Medical School. The drawings by H. V. 



The Would Moves. 101 

Carter, M.D., Demonstrator of Anatomy at St. George's 
Hospital, London." 

This is a royal octavo book of 876 pages, with 462 
engravings, and on page 583, Phila. Edition, 1870, 
there is an engraving of a section of the brain to show 
the manner of the fibers running from the Medulla, 
Oblongata to the surface of the brain. In the engrav- 
ing which is here copied, the cerebellum has fallen 
down somewhat. It should have "been kept up next 
the cerebrum, where it belongs. Toward the base of 
the cerebrum the reader will see what we choose to 
call a royal arch, made of the words, " Fibers radiating 
to the Convolutions? I have sometime wondered 
what Mr. French thought of this engraving the first time 
he saw it. We have no doubt the medical college to 
which he ministered in 1842, so soon at least as 1852, 
followed Gray and everybody else, in teaching the 
fibrous structure of the brain. 

The world moves. There are more fibers in the 
brain than there are in a bowl of custard. Mr. French 
is now (1882) Chief-Justice of the State of Vermont. 
Forty years have given the world to know that Dr. 
Gall was right about brain fibers, and it has always 
been the phrenological theory that length of fiber, 
not bumps, is the basis of character-reading by brain 
development. Yet many people still persist in talking 
of bumps as if we look for and followed them. 

At the foot of the highest part of the Green Mount- 
ain range the town of Ludlow, three miles west of 
Proctorsville, is situated. Here is a flourishing acade- 
my and many kinds of prosperous manufacturing. We 
^gave twelve lectures at this place, and were largely pa- 



102 Resemblance to Parents. 

tronized by students and families in a professional way. 
JSTne students came to us in a party for examination. 
"We remember one family, in particular, who made up 
a party of twenty-one for that purpose. 



CHAPTER VIII. 

RESEMBLANCE to parents. 

In the family referred to, there were four children, 
two sons and two daughters. The father was a thin, 
tough, wiry man, with brunette complexion, prominent 
features, retreating forehead, practical talent, a high 
crown of head, an independence of spirit, and great 
driving energy. He had a predominance of the Motive 
Temperament. 

The mother had a blonde complexion, and a predom- 
inance of the Vital Temperament. Her forehead was 
square and massive, and she was a sound thinker, but 
not so quick to catch the individual facts. She was 
stout in build, full and plump in figure, with good gen- 
eral energy, but was calm and substantial in her spirit, 
but not sharp, restless, or impatient. 

The eldest, a son, aged twenty-two, resembled the 
father in make-up, but lacked the father's size, power, 
vigor, and efficiency, both mentally and physically. 

The second was a daughter, aged twenty, who fol- 
lowed the mother in constitution and mental develop- 
ment, but was far below her mother in force of body 
and sharpness of mind. 

The third was a son, aged eighteen, and he was 3 



Resemblance to Parents. 103 

picture of his mother, with her sound sense and strong 
personal characteristics. 

The fourth was a daughter aged sixteen, who was 
the counterpart of her father, wiry, elastic, plucky, 
quick as a flash ; thought she could do anything, and 
was willing to try. Assumed all her rights and felt 
able to vindicate them. 

In the mill of their father, the sons with the father 
managed matters, and we noticed that the eighteen- 
year-old brother who resembled his mother was easily 
the leader and master of the elder, twenty-two years 
old. 

In the house where we spent a day making twenty- 
one examinations, we observed that the younger sister, 
with her sixteen years and her father's vim in her make- 
up, was the queen of affairs. The elder, four years her 
senior, would come frequently to the sister of sixteen 
for decision and direction as to matters, and the elder 
seemed to lean on the younger, as among equals the 
younger would be supposed to rely on the elder. 

The sum of it is, the father and mother were equal 
in their power and talent, but different. The children 
who resembled the parent of the opposite sex were 
twice as smart and able as those who resembled the 
parent in the line of their own sex, and though there 
were four years difference in the ages of the sons and 
of the daughters, the younger who resembled the par- 
ent of adverse sex, ruled the sister or brother who re- 
sembled tbe other way, though there was in each case 
the disadvantage of four years in age, and opportunity 
for experience. 

If a father and mother are equal, the daughters should 



104 Resemblance to Parents. 

take on the father's qualities, and the sons should re- 
semble the mother, then each represents both sides of 
human life, one sex by virtue of inheritance, and the 
other by personal sexuality. The boy gets the intui- 
tion, affection, sympathy, and nutritive power from the 
mother, and by virtue of his own sex he has the pluck, 
persistency, and pride of the man. 

The girl, by inheriting from the masculine parent all 
that a girl can inherit from the father, will have by vir- 
tue of such inheritance the courage, energy, positive- 
ness, and planning power of the masculiue, and by vir- 
tue of her sex she is endowed with enough of .ten- 
derness, sympathy, and affection ; and each thus carries 
all the virtues and forces of both the man and the 
woman. 

Those who resemble direct have too much of one 
side and too little of the other, and they are not full- 
orbed, complete, and harmonious. The boy, for in- 
stance, will have too much bone and too little vitality ; 
the girl will be soft, overladen with vitality and lack 
courage, force, and independence, and will be much in- 
ferior to the parent followed in resemblance and infe- 
rior to those children who resemble crosswise. 

At Ludlow, also, we made a double test examination 
in the absence of each other, and notes were taken by 
a critical lawyer named Fullum, and they were most 
strikingly similar. Of course these tests are not al- 
ways instituted by persons who question the truth of 
Phrenology, or doubt the ability of the persons who 
examine, but they are sometimes proposed by friends 
to silence the criticism of those who are skeptical. That 
was the case respecting the dark-room examination in 



Wool-Sorters' Skill. 105 

. Thompson ville, Conn., in the fall of 1841. The man 
who conducted it, wagered that every man would know 
who was under my hands by the examination alone, 
and it was confessed that he had won his wager. 

DUTTONSVILLE, VT. 

In this place we gave a lengthy course of lectures. 
The village is in the town of Cavendish, and is one 
and a half miles east of Proctorsville, where we lectur- 
ed a short time before, and like that has woolen mills, 
which are propelled by the waters of the u Black 
River." The stream takes its name from the black- 
ness of the stones and bed of the stream, made so by the 
minerals over which the head-waters flow. In contrast, 
the " White River " in Vermont is noted for the oppo- 
site appearance of the bed. The rocks, stones, and 
sand are peculiarly clear and white, there being appar- 
ently no adhesive sediment or coloring matter in the 
water. 



In my lecture on the perceptive organs, in this place, 
I remarked that the faculty of Size, among other things, 
gives skill to the wool-sorter, the spinner, and the 
paper-maker, in readily discerning the fineness of the 
wool -staple, the size of the spinner's thread, or the 
thickness of paper. Happening to be in the woolen mill 
one day during the dinner hour, the superintendent, be- 
ing curious to know how Size could aid the wool-sorter, 
we went into the wool-sorting room to look over the 
sixteen qualities of wool into which their stock was 
then being assorted. I called his attention to the 



106 Vermont State Prison. 

coarser or finer feeling of different sorts even when 
nearly alike, and told him I was confident if we took five 
handf uls from as many of the wool-bins, the first man 
who came to his work would instantly replace them. 
Soon one came in and he was asked if he could replace 
the handfuls, and he gave a kindly, after-dinner smile, 
and pulling the first bnnch through his hands, cast it 
into the ninth quality bin, another into the third, an- 
other into the eleventh, and so on to the last, and in 
every case it was right. They were taken out, and two 
other men, as they came in, did the same. By a simi- 
lar-exercise of the same faculty the spinner determines 
with accuracy the size of the thread he spins, and the 
paper-maker the thickness of the paper he is making. 
These results are too marvelous for belief by those who 
do not know the facts. 

This village has, since we lectured there, become no- 
ted as the place where the wonderful " Crowbar Case " 
occurred, which we shall describe when we recur to 
this place again on a return visit two years later. Mr. 
Adams' hotel, and the very room we occupied, were 
occupied by the patient who had a bar of iron three 
feet long and weighing thirty-six pounds sent through 
his brain, and, flying through the air, falling several 
hundred feet away. And yet the man recovered and 
lived about eleven years, and finally died of some 
disease affecting his nutritive system. 

VERMONT STATE PRISON. 

While lecturing at this place we visited the Vermont 
State Prison at Windsor. There were seventy-five 
prisoners, including one woman. We had a chance to 



"Works Meet for Repentance." 107 

pass among the prisoners so that we could see their de- 
velopments, and we noticed that their back-heads were 
short and vertical, indicating a marked deficiency of 
the social organs, giving indication that they were not 
very much restrained from the commission of crime 
through regard for their friends and the respect of 
society. Their intellectual development was, as a rule, 
not good, and the moral region in most cases was quite 
low. The keeper informed us that mcst of the convicts 
are unable to read and write, and that they have a school 
on Sundays in which they are instructed. 

Those whom we find in prison are not all of the worst 
sort. Many persons, by the commission of one overt 
act through the influence of spirituous liquors, or of 
bad company, or the desire 'for gain suddenly and 
strongly excited, get into prison, whose general charac- 
ter is far better than that of many who run at large, 
and are called " respectable." Some men swindle com- 
munities on a large scale, and, by superior ability, keep 
within the limits of the civil law, or have intellect 
and Secretiveness enough to avoid detection ; while the 
ignorant and the weak, for some petty offence, are 
thrust into prison because they have not the respecta- 
bility to guard them from suspicion, or the skill and 
shrewdness to avoid detection. 

"WOEKS MEET FOR REPENTANCE." 

From my diary for Duttonsville, Oct. 20, I copy: 
" Mr. Buell left for Felchville, seven miles from here, 
where he is to lecture this evening. Last night my 
lecture was upon Self-esteem and Approbativeness, and 
in the course of my remarks I said that fashion and 



108 • " Works Meet for Repentance.'' 

pride ruled the world ; that more than one-half the 
labor and toil of mankind was expended in dress, 
fashion, and useless ornaments ; that hundreds whose 
means are limited deprive themselves of comfortable 
iood to gratify the love of dress and show ; thousands 
adorn the body and starve the mind ; the love of dis- 
play absorbs time and money to the exclusion of books 
and study." 

" To-day a young lady, Miss L. W., came to our 
rooms, and said she wanted to buy ' Combe on the 
Constitution of Man,' and ' Fowler's Phrenology,' and 
that her mother was not willing to give her the money 
for that purpose, but, said she, * T want the books and 
am desirous to part with my gold ear-drops for the 
purpose.' I gave her the books and took the baubles, 
and paid her the balance of their value in cash. She 
said the lecture was too true, and she felt the force of 
it, as King David did, when the prophet Nathan said, 
< Thou art the man.' " 

I am sorry to say 1 find no record of the disposition 
I made of the jewelry, or whether I found some one who 
had money enough to be able to afford both books and 
jewelry. I trust the heroic girl derived from those ex- 
cellent books a thousand times more profit and solid 
pleasure than she ever could have done from the jewels. 
Perhaps they made her so superior to her class that her 
wider and better culture made her sought after by one 
who, " ever after," could supply the means for all 
the books she could desire, and prize her chiefly on ac- 
count of mental culture, and also give her the innocent 
adornment of better jewelry. 

This State is wonderfully picturesque, abounding in 



Ascutney Mountain 109 

rugged hills and mountains seated in the lap of rich and 
cultivated valleys, while here and there a rocky senti- 
nel lifts its head, bald, bleak, and stern, like the far- 
famed 

ASCUTNEY MOUNTAIN. 

This mountain is situated in the township of Wind- 
sor, Vt., south of the village, and lifts itself from the 
valley of the Connecticut River 3,330 feet. It is a 
single knob, shaped like a mammoth strawberry, and 
when one is on the apex he can see rich farms at the 
base on every side of it. It has been covered with 
spruce and pine timber, but frequent fires have left 
more than half its surface bald, barren, granite rock. 
Monadnock in New Hampshire to the south-east, and 
the venerable White Mountains in New Hampshire, 
seventy-five miles to the north-east, loomed up in silent 
and distant dignity, while at the west the long line of 
the Green Mountains helps to frame in one of the pret- 
tiest pictures imaginable. Numerous villages and 
thousands of farms lay under our admiring gaze, fenced 
off like a chess-board, and dotted with cottages and 
cattle, with forests bearing all the colors from the rich- 
est emerald to those of autumnal glory peculiar to a 
New England October. 



110 Phreno- Magnetism. 

CHAPTER IX. 

PHRENO-M AGN ETIS M. 

In my diary, under date of South Reading, Vt, 
Nov. 9, 1842, I find a description of an experiment in 
Phreno-Magnetism, which was our first experience in 
the matter. That subject had been, presented in the 
Phrenological Journal in July of that year, and though 
we felt conservative about avowing belief in it, we 
were anxious to see and criticise any effort in that line. 
We here offer it just as it was seen and recorded, and I 
had no doubt at the time that \\ was a veritable devel- 
opment of new mental phenomena, and that both the 
subject and operator were as true as steel. And forty 
years' time, experience, and reflection but serve to con- 
firm that opinion. I shall give it in the very language 
then used, with any errors of composition which subse- 
quent practice in writing might enable me to correct. 
But before proceeding it is proper to remark that the 
operator was a shoemaker, who knew at that time the 
location of but two or three of the Phrenological or- 
gans, viz. : Benevolence, Philoprogenitiveness, and 
Combativeness, and in respect to these he was not very 
exact. The young lady, the subject, was also unin- 
formed as to the location of the organs, as in that day 
many more people were than at the present day. But 
to the extract from the diary : 

" At 4 o'clock p.m. we (Buell and Sizer) went to the 
house of Mr. Saxton A. Craigue to see him put Miss An- 
geline Sergeant into the magnetic sleep. She is a lady 
about eighteen years old ; is quite intelligent ; she at- 



A Lady Magnetized. Ill 

tends the Academy (in this place). In about an hour 
she was in a sound magnetic sleep, and in the somnam- 
bulic state, i.e. : [Her eyes were tightly closed all the 
time during the experiment.] She would converse freely 
on any subject and with the most perfect accuracy and 
decorum. 

" Mr. Craigue excited several of the Phrenological 
organs, to which we pointed on her head, without 
speaking their name, though we were satisfied that 
neither of them could locate the organs in question. 

[This excitation consisted in simply laying the end 
of the finger on the head]. 

" He first excited Mirthfulness, and she said : 

" ' Who are all these people standing around ? They 
all look like fools ; they are fools.' 

" He next excited Self-esteem, at my silent sugges- 
tion, and he then asked her how she felt, and she threw 
back her head and said : 

" ' I feel as good as anybody, yes, as good, and a little 
better than anybody in this State.' 

" Ideality was next excited, and she was asked what 
she saw, and she replied : 

" ' Why, I see trees and birds with such beautiful 
feathers, and so many flowers. Oh ! I could live here 
always. Oh ! I wish I could.' 

" Eventuality was next excited, and she began to re- 
late facts and said ' she knew everybody and everything 
that she ever knew.' 

"Number (Calculation) came next, and she answered 
several numerical questions, and then began to tell 
about a great many persons, things, etc., which she 
saw. 



112 Phre^o-Magnetism. 

16 Sublimity, an organ on which some doubt has ex- 
isted, was excited, and when asked what she saw, she 
replied : 

" i Oh ! I can not tell what I see, it is so grand, vast ; 
so great I can not describe it.' 

" We did not think to excite her Comparison, but we 
were satisfied of the function of Sublimity. 

" Alimentiveness was excited, and being asked what 
she wanted, she replied : 

" i Something to eat, I am hungry.' 

" ' Do you want something to eat ? ' 
' " ' Yes. Why do you keep asking me if I wish to 
eat and bring me nothing, when I am so hungry ? I 
hate to see people urge one to eat and offer nothing. 
Why don't you bring it along ? Give me something, 
anything — something.' 

" A few reverse passes awoke her, and her first inquiry 
was, ' Did you succeed in getting me to sleep ? ' She 
seemed not to know anything which had transpired 
during the sleep. This is the first experiment I have 
seen of Animal Magnetism, and I am sure there is 
something in it, though it is as strange to us as were 
the laws of electricity when Franklin made his experi- 
ments." 

Mr. Craigue was a hard-working man at his trade, 
and had read but little on magnetism or on any other 
subjects. He had seen newspaper articles on the new 
topic, and thus learned the process of manipulation. A 
young man about eighteen years of age, illiterate and 
narrow in his culture and information, by the name of 
Leslie, had been working for him, and it occurred to 
Mr. Craigue that Leslie, with his super-sensitive, deli- 



Startling Experiments. 113 

cate, and susceptible constitution, must be, according to 
descriptions of those most easily operated upon, an ex- 
cellent subject to be magnetized ; accordingly, one night, 
having talked about the subject during the day, they 
concluded secretly to try it. So when quitting-time 
came at nine o'clock, they curtained their windows, 
turned the light low, and used the prescribed means to 
induce the magnetic sleep. To the surprise and alarm 
of Mr. Craigue, his friend Leslie went into the state in 
a few minutes. He sat awhile considering how to get 
his subject out of the state when the time came to do it, 
then resolved to try the excitation of the phrenological 
organs, and could remember the location of only two 
or three. These he excited with satisfactory results. 

When we reached South Reading, Mr. Craigue's 
place of residence, he thought we might aid him in his 
experiments, as we knew the location of the organs. 
He opened the subject to us in a gingerly manner, for 
the new subject he thought must be treated in a Mco- 
demus sort of way, secretly and at night. So he whis- 
pered the matter to us, and we excused ourselves from 
our room and went to his parlor to see him try the new 
science in the case of Miss Sergeant. This experiment 
having succeeded, and as we did not snub him in his ex- 
periments, he proposed to go after Mr. Leslie and let 
us see his more ready and complete subjugation to the 
magnetic influence. I copy from the diary : 

"Monday, Nov. 14, 1842. Mr. Craigue and Mr. 
Leslie came to our room, and it was proposed to mag- 
netize Mr. Leslie. Mr. C. put him into that state in 
seven minutes, and he was ready for talking ; his pulse 
was changed (increased) nearly thirty beats a minute. 



1 1 4 Phreno-Magnetism. 

"Mr. Craigne excited Ideality by touching it with 
his finger, and he (the subject) being asked, What do 
you see ? he at once replied : 

" ' See ! Why, I see a verdant meadow, with a beau- 
tiful stream running through it ; it winds so pretty ; 
see the turn around that point, and then the flowers so 
nice, so large ; why, they are as large as teakettles ; let 
us go and pick some and carry them home ; come, let 
us go.' 

" ' What color are the flowers ? ' 

" ' I can't tell ; they seem to be ; I don't know what 
color they are.' 

" The organ of Color being then excited, he said in 
a moment : 

" ' Oh ! they are red and green and yellow and violet 
and all colors. Oh, they are beautiful, splendid ; see 
there, see that lily, see it bend ever so gracefully ; it al- 
most touches " the drink" ' 

" We then caused Sublimity to be excited, and he 
said: 

" ' See there ! see that rugged mountain ; see the 
overarching cliffs, see the crags. Let us go on the 
mountain. Come, I see a good place to get up. There ; 
that is a splendid view. Don't you see that black cloud 
rising ; that looks grand ; there, the lightning begins to 
spin? 

" Cautiousness was then excited, and he shrank back 
and said : 

" ' Let us go under that shed.' 

" I asked why should we go under the shed ? 

" ' Oh ! we shan't be in so much danger.' 

" 4 1 thought you wanted to see the storm.' 



Dramatic Mental Exaltation. 115 

" < I do ; but we can see it as well under the shed, 
and then there will be less danger there. Are you not 
afraid?' 

" The influence being removed from these organs, the 
manifestations ceased." 

" Self-esteem was excited, and he raised his head in 
an upward and backward direction, manifesting the 
most sovereign pride of character, and said : 

il ' Do you see those troops coming over the hill ? 
That is my regiment. Don't you know that I am an 
officer? Zam Col. Leslie; 7 take the command.' 

" Approbativeness was then excited and he said : 
1 Don't those troops look splendid % And then see the 
ladies waving their handkerchiefs and crying, hurra for 
Col. Leslie.' 

" And then he shouted, ' Hurra for Col. Leslie ! 
Hurra, Hurra for Col. Leslie.' 

" The influence was then removed from the organs, 
and his head sank forward in a submissive attitude and 
he ceased to speak. 

"When I asked him if he was fond of office, he 
answered with a contemptuous sneer : 

c * ' Office, it is all daub, it is good for nothing.' 

" i But,' said I, ' don't you like to have the ladies ad- 
mire you ? ' p 

" ' Yes, I like to have the good opinion of the ladies, 
but 1 want to be admired for mind.' 

" His Veneration and Conscientiousness were then ex- 
cited, and with a devotional, subdued tone of voice re- 
plied to my questions, as follows : 

" ' How do you get along in Cavendish ? ' 

" ' Oh ! we don't get along very well ; times are hard, 



116 Stranger than Fiction. 

we have low wages, and the people don't do right ; 
they don't think enough about religious matters ; they 
are too underhanded and dishonest ; don't you think 
they are % ' 

" The influence was then removed and Hope excited, 
and I asked, how do you get along in Cavendish ? 
His countenance brightened, he raised his head with a 
happy smile, and with a cheerful and loud voice ex- 
claimed : 

" ' Oh ! first rate, first rate, Boss Pierce is going to 
get a lot of kids of Farwell and a new lot of lasts, and 
he says he will pay higher wages after the first of 
April ; and the new tariff is going to make the times 
better, and I am to be boss of the kid work. I tell you 
what, that will go it in good shape.' 

" We then excited Philoprogenitiveness, and he 
wanted to go home to see that little girl. 

" ' I want to carry her some sugar plums and raisins. 
Oh ! I want to see her and then I shall have a good 
hug.' 

" And he suited the action to the word. 

" The new organ called ' Suavitiveness ' or Agree- 
ableness, was excited and he began to bow and speak 
very politely and offer to introduce to our acquaintance 
some ladies and gentlemen whom he said were com- 
ing in. 

" Alimentiveness, or the desire for food, was excited 
and he complained of hunger in a moment, and seemed 
to be ravenous for something to eat. 

" * Can't I have something to eat % Give me any- 
thing.' 

" He became impatient, and a piece of pie was put 



A Mistake Corrected. 117 

in his hand and he began to devour it like a hungry 
maniac. At this instant the influence was removed, 
and he gagged, and, with a face as wry as if his mouth 
had been crammed with filth, he spit the whole upon 
the floor. A few upward passes, by Mr. Craigue, 
awakened him to his natural state, and he stared about 
as one awakened hastily from his natural sleep and he 
was (evidently) perfectly unconscious of what had 
passed." These experiments lasted about one hour. 

We then and there decided to give some public ex- 
periments in a few towns where we had recently 
lectured, with a view to show to our former audiences 
the new proof we had found of the truth of Phrenolo- 
gy, in the location of the organs, and in the separate- 
ness of the mental faculties. 

A MISTAKE CORRECTED. 

On the 15th, I went to Woodstock, the shire town, 
twelve miles distant, to procure handbills for our 
Phreno-Magnetic exhibitions and did not return until 
after the lecture, by Mr. Buell, was over. 

At the lecture they had Mr. Buell blindfolded, and 
brought forward a fool for examination whose brain 
was diseased by fits when young, brought about by bad 
habits. Mr. Buell did not study carefully the physi- 
ology and present condition of the health, but described 
the subject by the size and form of. his head, and thus 
gave the character as such a head should manifest it. 
A seeming mistake thus made, by carelessness of course, 
mortified him, and he did not tell me of it during the 
next day. 

In the evening I gave the lecture, Mr. Buell being 



118 A Broken-Down Man. 

in the audience. And the committee quietly asked 
and got my consent to be blindfolded and make an ex- 
amination, and I had the bandage on before the audi- 
ence, or Mr. Buell, had an inkling of what was in prog- 
ress. 

They brought up the same diseased or demoralized 
person ; the audience was hushed, especially poor Mr. 
Buell. I measured the head and found it of good size 
and proper form for a good character, and being ex- 
cited by the stillness that could be felt, I entered upon 
a careful criticism of the state of the body. I found 
the chest small and flat, the muscles flabby, the skin 
clammy and cold, and I bent over him and took a good 
olfactory estimate of the subject and caught an odor, 
a combination of the sick-room and the dissecting-room ; 
and I believed 1 had solved the case. I had seen Dr. 
F. in the audience, and resolved to make a physiologi- 
cal point, and remarked : 

" The head is large enough and its form is good 
enough for talent and character, if the constitution has 
not been broken down by fits or bad habits. I think he is 
a weakly and unhealthy man, and if so, not a proper sub- 
ject for a blindfold examination. Dr. F., do you 
think this a healthy or a broken-down subject % " 

" I think him both unhealthy and broken-down, and 
not a fair subject for such a test." 

I instantly stripped off the bandage, and the first ob- 
ject which struck my eye was Buell, with a face too 
red for health and altogether too full of glee for illness. 
He was revenged ! 

I then said, " I regard it as a very unfair thing, bor- 
dering on insult, to bring forward a man spoiled by 



Pureno-Magnetic Experiments. 119 

disease, whose brain is stultified and whose nutritive 
system has lost its power, and ask a Phrenologist to 
give an opinion." 

Dr. F. rose, and stated that he had nothing to do with 
the affair, and would have advised against it if he had 
been consulted, but he thought it was fortunate that he 
now had been examined, as Mr. Buell, the night before 
in my absence, had examined the man blindfold and 
had erred, solely because he had neglected to study the 
body. 

This was the first news I had heard of the matter, 
and since it had resulted to our advantage I forgave 
the trick, " even unto this day." 

On the 16th we went to Reading Centre, two and a 
half miles distant, and opened a course of lectures on 
Phrenology. 

On the 17th, at the Brick Church, at two o'clock in 
the afternoon, we opened our 

phreno-magnetic experiments. 

At the risk of seeming tedious, I prefer to treat this 
important subject exactly as it appeared to us then, 
and to give it exactly, as written in my diary : 

" All seemed to be highly excited, some with skepti- 
cism, others with doubt, hope or fear. I remarked 
for three-quarters of an hour upon Phrenology and 
Magnetism, explained the nature of the experiments 
which we proposed to make, which were in substance 
as follows : 

" First. It is supposed that a certain nervous fluid ex- 
ists in the human constitution (not unlike the magnetic 
power of the physical world), which is susceptible of 



120 Phreno- Magnetism in Heading. 

transmission from one person to another ; but what this 
fluid or influence is we do not know; we see its effects 
and believe in its existence, even though it is beyond 
the power of the human reason to explain it fully. 

" So we discover that the needle points in a direction 
which we call north, hence we infer a power which at- 
tracts. This we all believe ; although no one may do 
more than suppose the nature of the substance or 
power which produces this uniform result. 

" Second. We propose to put a man into a profound 
magnetic sleep, by making downward passes upon the 
subject with the hands. This sleep is produced, as we 
suppose, by the passage of the nervous fluid from the 
ends of the lingers of the magnetizer, into the 
person of the magnetized, which produces a state 
of total unconsciousness to all which is really pass- 
ing around ; even the voice of persons is not heard 
except that of the magnetizer, or any one else who 
may be put in communication with the subject by tak- 
ing hold of his hand, and having a few passes made 
from arm to arm to connect the current of the magnetic 
fluid. 

" The pulse will be raised in the person magnetized 
from 60 to 120 pulsations a minute without any appar- 
ent change in the temperature of the body, and this 
will be done in eight minutes, the time required to put 
the subject into the magnetic state. 

" Third. When the subject is placed in this condi- 
tion, to the satisfaction of the medical, and other gen- 
tlemen, whom you may elect to criticise the experi- 
ments, we propose to excite any organ of the brain 
which they may point out on the Phrenological bust, 



TnE Way it was Done. 121 

and we promise the audience that he (the subject) will 
act out the faculty — the organ of which is touched by the 
finger of the magnetizer — in language and attitude 
with a vividness and accuracy not only truly astonish- 
ing, but more perfectly than any person can do it in a 
natural state. 

" But it may be said that the subject is conscious of 
what is passing, and can do what he chooses ; and, 
moreover, that he understands Phrenology, and when 
we touch an organ he knows what to say and do. 
Now we will obviate every difficulty of this character 
and remove the slightest objection to every experiment 
as follows : 

i; First. The committee shall direct the order of the 
experiments by pointing to any organ on the bust 
which they wish to have excited. 

" Second. I will, or any of the committee may, write 
the name of the organ to be excited on the blackboard, 
so that the audience can see what organ is to be ex- 
cited, and so that the magnetized subject, whose eyes 
are blindfolded, can not know what organ is to be ex- 
cited, on the supposition that he feigns sleep and can 
hear. 

" Third. The committee may place twenty fingers 
upon the subject's head, indeed they may cover his 
head with fingers, and keep them dancing on the crani- 
um, and the magnetizer shall place one finger on the 
head, and the organ directed to be touched will cause 
the subject to talk its language to perfection. 

u Once more. The subject will express himself on 
the various faculties in more perfect style of description, 
and the whole action and manner will far surpass any- 
6 



122 Fair Test of a New Thing. 

thing which he can do in the natural state. He will also 
make remarks and assume attitudes which are foreign 
to his general character, and which you could not hire 
him to do. The truth is, he does not know what he 
does in that state, and can not control himself, but is 
given up to the impulse of the faculties without self- 
control. 

" If all these guards against the possibility of decep- 
tion fail to convince any of the reality of Phreno-Mag- 
netism, allow me to say that your belief in the sagaci- 
ty of the subject to elude your vigilance and deceive 
you still, requires a greater stretch of credulity than it 
would to believe the experiments to be true and real. 
It would be similar to the frequent remarks of the in- 
credulous in respect to our Phrenological examinations. 
If we succeed in describing the character of a stranger 
closely, it is often said that we are shrewd judges of 
human nature, and that thus we are enabled to look 
through a man as through a lantern ; or that we hap- 
pen to guess right. This is attributing to us more than 
human sagacity, and requiring, on the objector's part, 
more Marvelousness than to believe the science of 
Phrenology. 

" I beg of you, then, to lay aside your prejudices, and 
allow your senses and judgment to decide this question, 
regardless of the scoffs of self- wise skepticism, and be 
willing to follow truth, regardless where she leads, 
while you shall feel the solid rock beneath your feet. 

" These are our proposals, and we will now endeavor 
to carry them out. 

" The audience then chose the following gentlemen 
as a committee to direct the experiments and report : 



Wonders of Nature. 123 

" Dr. Oliver Chamberlin, of Cavendish ; Dr. L. Fos- 
ter, H. Goddard, Esq., S. Keyes, Esq., of Reading; 
Samuel Adams, Esq., of Cavendish; who took their 
places upon the platform, when Mr. Craigue and Mr. 
Leslie were sent for, who soon made their appearance, 
and were seated face to face before the audience. They 
placed their thumbs firmly together till the pulsation 
was equalized between them, when Mr. Craigue made 
the passes from the head downward, touching the sub- 
ject with the ends of his fingers, and in seven minutes 
the sleep was perfect, and the subject would talk when 
spoken to by Mr. Craigue. 

" After the doctors had decided that he was in an un- 
natural sta*te, we proceeded to make the experiments. 

il Sublimity was directed by the committee to be 
touched, and with the precaution of placing other fin- 
gers on his head at the same time ; but Mr. Craigue ig- 
norantly touched between Caution and Sublimity, and 
both were excited, when he spoke of mountains and 
cliffs, yet manifested great fear. 

" The influence was removed by waving the hand 
back and forth near the head, without touching it, and 
he ceased to speak of the grand and fearful. This pro- 
cess of removing the influence seemed to be very con- 
vincing to the committee as well as to the audience, for 
no deception could be charged to that operation, because 
the subject had his eyes closely bandaged, and was not 
touched for that purpose by the magnetizer. 

" Mirthfulness was excited, and he spoke of a place 
of worship where an idol was set up, and he said with 
a loud and continuous laugh: 

" ' See that fool, he is going to kneel and worship an 



124 Better than Theatricals. 

idol, and there is a dog going under the idol ; how like 
fools they all look and act.' 

" Ideality was excited, and he burst out in describ- 
ing a beautiful vale, with a winding stream and trees 
loaded with large flowers, and called for some to smell 
of and carry home. ' Let me climb and gather some.' 

" A handkerchief was handed him in a bunch, and 
he regaled his olfactories by smelling it with the high- 
est delight. When questioned by one of the doctors 
who was in communication with him as to their colors, 
he hesitated, and could not tell. A motion was made 
for the magnetizer to touch the organ of Color, and 
he hastily uttered, ' Oh ! they are yellow and violet and 
blue and red.' No lover of flowers could be so much 
excited in a green-house as he was with the creations of 
his fancy under the magnetic stimulus of his faculties. 

" Self-esteem was excited, and Dr. Charaberlin be- 
ing in communication, asked him how he felt. He 
answered : 

" 4 Feel! I feel well enough, why? I always feel 
well' 

" ' What are you doing now ? ' 

" ' What do I do ? I do what I please, as I always 
did.' 

" ' But don't you work ? ' 

" ' Yes, I work when I please, and walk about when 
I please.' 

" ' You can't get a living without work, can you ? ' 

" ' I have no concern about that ; why should I care 
when I can get work when I please and where I please, 
and be " boss " of any job I ask into the bargain.' 

" ' What do you do at home ? ' 



The Magnetic State. 125 

" ( I am " boss " of the kid work, didn't you know 
that, Doctor ? ' 

[He resided in the same town, and knew the doctor, 
and the doctor knew Leslie to be one of the most mod- 
est, delicate, and retiring of young men, whose present 
lordly style was as foreign to him as possible]. 

" ' Do you please all your hands and all your cus- 
tomers?' 

" ' Yes, I please them all ; but if I don't they dare 
not say anything about it ; they keep it to themselves 
if they don't like it.' 

" 'But don't you do another kind of work, a coarse 
article, I believe you call them " Brogans" don't you 
work at them instead of the kid ? ' 

" i JS*o ! Do you suppose I would work on brogans? 
Not /.' 

" i Why do you think so well of yourself ? You are 
no better than other people.' 

a ' I aint better than others ! I am as good as anybody 
else, and I know it, and other people know it too.' 

" Approbate? eness was next excited, and the sub- 
ject, with a complaisant smile, and with a simpering, 
softened tone of voice, began to talk of fine horses and 
carriages, and riding out with a handsome lady. 

" ' You would like to have the lady rich, would you 
not!' 

" ' I don't care whether she is rich or not, but I want 
her pretty, polite, and accomplished. I want some- 
thing nice, very nice, Doctor.' 

" AcQTJisiTrvENESS was then excited in connection 
with Approbativeness. 

" ' You don't want a rich wife, you say ? ' 



126 Exciting the Faculties. 

" ' I do want a rich wife, and I'll have a rich one too. 
I'll have one that is handsome and rich. Yon know, 
Doctor, money is a good thing with a wife, and then 
you can dash about and have things in style. I'll have 
a wife, a fine one, and a rich one, too. Old Consul 
Jarvis' daughter will answer with $20,000, and I can 
get her. Don't you think I can, Doctor ? I believe I 
can.' 

" The influence was removed from these organs, and 
Benevolence was excited, when he said, being in com- 
munication with Dr. Foster : 

" ' See that poor, lame man ; I believe he is hungry. 
Can't we get something for him to eat? I have got 
some money (taking out his wallet) ; here, Doctor, take 
this and buy him something to eat ; buy it quick, for he 
is hungry.' 

" Benevolence was suppressed, and Acquisitiveness 
was excited, when he changed his countenance from a 
benignant and pitying look, to a sordid, rigid appear- 
ance, and when asked about the poor, lame man, said : 

" ' What have I to do with strangers ? ' 

" ' I thought you gave me your money to buy him 
some food.' 

" ' I didn't. You stole it (feeling in his pockets with 
anxiety). Where is it % Give me my money ; you 
stole it.' 

" When put into his hands he grabbed it, and, thrust- 
ing it in, buttoned his pocket with the stingy gripe of 
the miser. 

" The Doctor then tried to trade watches with him, 
but he said, 6 I do not want your old poor watch, and 
moreover, the watch I have in my pocket is not mine, 



Phbeno -Magnetism. 127 

and if I trade it away I may have to jpay more than I 
get, and that won't do.' 

" ' Well,' said the Doctor, l then buy mine right out.' 

tf ' I'll not do that, I'll not pay money for a watch 
when I can get enough watches for something besides 
money. I won't buy a watch or anything else, unless I 
can make something by it.' 

" The influence was removed, and he could not be in- 
duced to talk any more of money matters. 

u PHrLOPEOGENmvENESs (Parental Love) was next 
excited, and he started instantly and said, ' Oh ! bring 
that little child here, let me hug and kiss it.' 

" I gave him the Bust, and he pressed it to his bosom 
with more than a mother's fondness. Kissed and 
pressed it to his lips and kept saying Oh ! Oh ! Oh ! like a 
frantic mother after a long absence from her darling 
child. He would weave his body from side to side, 
and then set it on his knee and trotted it so as to make 
the stage shake, then pressed it to his face and tried to 
hum a tune, but failing (not being a singer), he called 
on us to ' sing, do sing to the sweet babe.' His organ of 
Ttjxe was then excited and he managed to sing ' Green- 
ville] still hugging the Bust with the greatest rapture. 

" The silent motion was made over the organ of Philo- 
progenitiveness to remove the excitement, and he settled 
back in his chair, and with a disgusted look, unclasped 
his embrace of the Bust, and reached it to the by-stand- 
ers as if he despised it. 

" Alimenttveness was excited and he called loudly 
for something to eat. Becoming impatient of delay, 
an apple was given him and he began to devour it 
with more than swinish greediness. The influence be- 



123 Phreno-Magxetism in Cavendish. 

ing removed, he made an awful face, gagged as if sick, 
threw the whole from his month as if it were a nau- 
seous substauce, and cast the residue of the apple fiercely 
on the flocr. 

" Here the excitement ceased, and the audience 
seemed delighted. I will here observe that the experi- 
ments were conducted strictly according to the form 
prescribed at the opening, and every one seemed to be 
confounded with astonishment. 

" His return to the normal state and to the recollec- 
tion that he was the conspicuous figure before a large 
audience, made him look blank, for he is a modest 
man. 

" Dr. Chamberlain and Mr. Stone with their wives 
took tea with us at the hotel, and invited us to give an 
•entertainment at Cavendish, which we promised to do 
on Monday next, Eov. 21st." 



CHAPTER X. 

PHREXO-MAOXETISM IX CAVENDISH. 

" Our friends in Cavendish appeared to be glad to 
see us again, and used every effort to render our stay 
agreeable, and to promote the objects of our visit. 

11 We had a stage erected in front of the pulpit in the 
church, and at an early hour three hundred of the most 
intelligent of the people assembled to listen to our ex- 
planations of Phreno-Magnetism and witness our exper- 
iments. All were on tiptoe with interest and excite- 



Curious Experiments. 129 

ment. I spoke twenty minutes, and was followed by 
Mr. D. S. Wheeler, of Dartmouth College, who has 
seen much of Magnetism. His remarks were similar to 
those which I made at Reading on the 17th, respecting 
Human Magnetism. 

" The audience selected Rev. Mr. Skinner, Gen. 
Washburn and Dr. Oliver Chamberlain, as a committee 
to examine the experiments. 

" Mr. Craigue succeeded in putting Mr. Leslie to 
sleep in five minutes, and the committee was requested 
to examine the subject to determine whether he was 
in the natural state. Rev. Mr. Skinner suddenly 
slapped his hands together within three inches of his 
ear, and although every one on the stage started at the 
unexpected noise, Mr. Leslie never moved a muscle. 
He then thrust a jpin into his hand and leg several 
times, and not a muscle moved more than if he had 
been dead. Gen. Washburn then pricked the hand of 
Mr. Craigue, the Magnetizer, when he was five feet 
distant, and Leslie, the Magnetized subject, started and 
said, 'What are you pricking my hand for?' 
The General then pricked Mr. Craigue's leg, and Leslie 
started, saying that somebody had pricked his leg. A 
portion of mace was silently handed to Mr. Craigue, 
with a motion to put it in his mouth, when Leslie be- 
gan to spit, and complain that his mouth smarted. Mr. 
Craigue was then handed a glass of water, and as he 
tasted it, Leslie said he tasted water. Mr. Skinner 
slipped a piece of tobacco into Craigue's mouth (who 
does not use tobacco and Leslie does), and Leslie com- 
plained that they had put some nasty stuff into his 
mouth, and was nauseated. 

6* 



130 Exciting the Mental Organs. 

" The pulse and the respiration of the subject had 
changed from the natural state. The committee avowed 
their former skepticism, yet acknowledged that the trial 
of his being in an unnatural state was satisfactory, and 
declared to the audience that they believed him to be 
influenced by some means which had induced an un- 
accountable change in the system as well as in the mani- 
festations." 

"The exciting of the Phrenological organs was then 
commenced amid the most intense interest and the pro- 
foundest silence. Rev. Mr. Skinner silently indicated 
Veneration, which being excited, the head of the sub- 
ject was thrown forward, and he appeared, by the ex- 
pression of his countenance, to be in great anguish, and 



" 6 I must have some one to pray for me ; do ask 
some one to intercede for me.' 

" Self-esteem was next excited, when Mr. Leslie was 
in communication with Gen. Washburn, and the ques- 
tion was asked if he could make good boots. ' First 
rate,' was his reply. The natural language or manifes- 
tations of very large Self-esteem were acted out in a 
manner which could not be imitated by a person in a 
natural state of mind. 

" Mirthfulness was next excited, and he commenced 
laughing, and said : 6 See ! See ! there is a great fellow 
and a little one wrestling together. How silly they 
look. See the great Lumikin fellow try to throw the 
little one down.' This scene caused much laughter. 

u Conscientiousness was excited through mistake, 
and he fancied himself arraigned before the throne of 
the Almighty God, and about to receive his final sen- 



Exciting- the Mental Organs. 131 

tence, and expressed great fear in respect to his destiny. 
The manifestations of this faculty were as solemn and 
startling as those of the last one excited were mirthful. 

" Appkobativeness was next successfully excited. 
Gen. Washburn was in communication with him. 
Leslie imagined himself on horseback in company with 
Gen. Washburn, and a throng of people gazing at them 
and admiring their officer-like appearance, and shouting 
hurra ! hurra ! 

" ' See the ladies,' said he, l waving their handker- 
chiefs as we pass along.' He now made motions with 
his body as if he were riding on horseback. The Gen- 
eral said to him, i The ladies say we do not make a good 
appearance.' 

" ' They do ? Then they are not judges of good 
riding.' 

" The General told him it was a good time to select 
a wife, and asked him if he did not see some lady that 
pleased him. 

" < Why, they all please, but there is one, away off 
yonder, who pleases me exactly.' 

" Sublimity was excited, and he described a lofty 
mountain ; thought himself on its highest peak sitting 
on a flat rock with General Washburn, and viewing a 
thunder-storm raging below them. 

" Benevolence was then excited, and he was ready 
to give all the money he had in his possession to a poor 
family living in a very poor house which he seemed to 
see. The Rev. Mr. Skinner being in communication 
with him, he handed Mr. Skinner his wallet containing 
money, and urged him to give that poor family some- 
thing. But 'they want something to eat,' said Mr. 



132 Wonders of Mental Life. 

Skinner. ' Here is money,' said Leslie, with great 
emphasis, handing it out, ' and it will buy something 
for them to eat. And they may have my watch, too. 
I believe they must be cold and hungry.' 

" Acquisitiveness was brought into action, and he 
instantly grasped after his money with an avaricious 
hand. The question was asked if he would give 
anything to that poor family, and he immediately an- 
swered, ' Not a cent. Let those give who are able, I 
have nothing to spare.' 

" Benevolence was again excited, and he said, ' I 
do not want to see that poor family suffer. Come, let 
us get up a subscription for them. I will give a dollar.' 

" Acquisitiveness was again excited, and he was 
asked to give something to the poor family, and he 
again answered very abruptly, ' Not a single cent. If 
I have any slops they may have them, but I worCt give 
any money? 

"•Benevolence was again excited and he was again 
anxious to give something to the poor family before al- 
luded to, and said, i What is the use of keeping them 
starving forever ? Come, let us give them something.' 

u These sudden changes from cold-hearted selfishness 
to the most active benevolence by exciting the organs of 
Acquisitiveness and Benevolence in quick succession, 
was most convincing to all who observed the phenome- 
na produced. 

" Alimentiveness and Philopeooenitiveness were 
excited, and the manifestations of those organs were 
acted out in a strong manner, and in the same way as 
recorded in the description of the experiments at Read- 
ing, on Thursday last, JSTov. 17th. 



The Committee's Report. 133 

"After the experiments closed, the members of 
the Committee were requested to give their opin- 
ion in regard to them, when Rev. Mr. Skinner 
arose and said that ' he had watched the conductors 
as closely as he could, and had not been able to discover 
the least deception. He had pricked Mr. Leslie several 
times with a pin, and he did not stir a muscle. He 
had pricked Mr. Craigue when he was certain Mr. Les- 
lie could not have seen him, and he (Mr. Leslie) started 
as if the pin had been thrust into him, in his natural 
state. He had given Mr. Craigue a piece of tobacco to 
put into his mouth, and Leslie began to spit, as if he 
had some nauseous substance in his mouth. These 
facts, with other experiments which he had witnessed, 
had materially changed his views respecting Animal 
Magnetism. The experiments which we have seen 
'this evening are very astounding, and can not be ac- 
counted for by the human intellect. One thing I 
would say, that if Animal Magnetism should prove true 
it would give a death-blow to infidelity, and furnish an 
argument in favor of Christianity which skepticism it- 
self could not gainsay or resist. In conclusion, I 
would say to those who are engaged in enlightening the 
community on this subject, you are engaged in a good 
cause; I bid you God-speed.' 

" General Washburn made some remarks coinciding 
with those of Mr. Skinner, after which Mr. Craigue 
awakened Mr. Leslie from his magnetic slumbers by 
making a few upward passes in the presence of the 
assembly." 

After completing our engagement at Cavendish we 
severed our connection with Mr. Craigue and Mr. Les- 



134: How I Learned Type-Setting. 

lie, having joined them where they were well known 
and where we had acquired a good record and respect, 
our object being to demonstrate the truth of Phre- 
nology. They went back to their business and we con- 
tinued to give lectures on Phrenology with a new sense 
of its absolute truth. We visited Woodstock, Yt., the 
county seat of Windsor County, for the purpose of 
publishing our " Guide to Phrenology," and while 
waiting for the work to be done, we gave lectures in 
that and neighboring towns. Having much time on my 
hands while waiting for the progress of our book- 
making, I learned the location of the letters in the 
printer's case, and obtained permission to set type on 
our book, and during the few weeks required in that 
office to get out the book, I acquired a fair knowledge of 
the power of type and the way to put them into pages. 
Mr. Buell laughed at me for dabbling in other people's 
business, but seven years later, being called to the 
office of Fowler & Wells, and having at once to aid 
in making up the Phrenological Journal, the little I 
had learned of type-setting made me a better proof- 
reader than it would have been possible without it. 
And many a time, within the last thirty years, have 
printers, who were correcting proofs which I had marked, 
asked me if I were not once a printer; I regarded the 
question as a compliment to my short but very useful 
apprenticeship. On the other hand, I urged Mr. Buell 
to do the same thing, and learn, when he could, to set 
type ; but he jokingly replied that a " Jack-at-all-trades 
was good at nothing," but in nine years he became the 
half owner of a newspaper, and it was necessary for 
him to go to work, in good solid time, and learn to set 



A New Departure— Marriage. 135 

type, and then he had to take instructions from his own 
apprentices. Moral: Always fill up spare time in 
learning anything which is likely to be useful, for it 
may become one's dependence for bread, or a means of 
honorable success. 



CHAPTEK XI 



A NEW DEPARTURE. 



Having finished our book we closed our partnership 
on the 9th of March, 1843, and I left Mr. Buell at 
Woodstock, Yt., and took stage for Sufiield, Hartford 
County, Conn., that. being at that time the only mode 
of public conveyance in the Yalley of the Connecticut 
from the northern part of Yermont as far South as 
Hartford, Conn. There were six feet of snow on a level 
in the woods in Yermont, and with the thermometer 13 
degrees below zero we struggled for thirty long hours 
to cover 145 miles. 

On the 12th of March at Sufiield, Conn., I was mar- 
ried, and for six years, with the exception of a few 
courses of lectures with Mr. Buell and two or three 
with J. M. Graves, I conducted business alone. 

On the first of June I commenced a course of ten 
lectures at Collinsville, Conn., fifteen miles west from 
Hartford. This place was then and is still noted for 
the great Collins & Company axe factory, which of 
later years has become also largely engaged in the man- 
ufacture of many kinds of edge tools. As the pay of 



136 Tehperers need Color. 

the workmen was considered large, it commanded the 
best health, vigor, and talent, and a finer set of men I 
have never seen in any laborious industry. Mr. Col- 
lins, about 1832, in partnership with his brother, in 
Hartford, started making axes on a small scale, with 
about $8,000 of joint capital, employing eight men 
and making thirty axes a day. Later they had so 
enlarged as to employ 300 men and made a thousand 
axes a day ; now, 1843, much of the work is done by 
machinery, and they do much more work with fewer 
hands. 

In going through the shops I noticed that the tem- 
pering of axes requires judgment of colors, as the steel, 
to be of the right temper for cutting, must be changed 
by moderate heating, from a white to a straw color, 
with the faintest hint of violet. The men engaged in 
such work wear rough clothing, and their faces become 
so smutty that one has to be well acquainted with a man 
to know him when he is dressed for church or public 
lecture. I was examining a man in public and told 
him he was deficient in the organ of Color, and that he 
would be able to forge or grind an axe to the proper 
form, but would not succeed in the work of tempering. 
" But," said he, " I am a temperer." 

I replied " That may be, but I would not select you 
for that business if I had the factory, for I could get a 
better man for it, but you would do well in most of 
the other departments." 

This made a town-talk, and brought out the fact that 
he had twice as much wrong-tempered work sent back 
to be re-tempered as any of the six men engaged in 
that department, and before a month was out he was 



A Moving Discourse. 137 

induced to take another kind of work for which he was 
better adapted. 

During one of my lectures here, I was speaking of 
the social organs in detail, and coming to Inhabitive- 
ness, dwelt liberally upon its influence on character 
and happiness in the home, and added, " What is dearer 
than home, what sickness is worse than homesickness? " 
A lady who sat on one of the front seats and had been 
stimulating the pathos of my discourse by her eager and 
tender interest, here broke down utterly, and sobbing 
and crying outright, left the room. When the silence 
which her departure occasioned became oppressive, I 
picked up the bust, and remarked, " The next organ for 
consideration is the love of children." 

On that organ, with such a softened tone as the last 
topic had called out, and while speaking of the beauty 
of the unbroken household, and the grief we feel at 
sending those stars of our life to sparkle in the diadem 
of heaven, happy without us, but waiting our coming, 
another grief-stricken mother in like manner departed. 

The first was a new-comer, and, as yet, she was suf- 
fering homesickness ; the other had recently laid to 
rest her first-born among the violets of May. 

" Shall we try Combativeness, the faculty of strug- 
gle and of courage ? " On this I finished my lecture. I 
have never spoken of Inhabitiveness or Parental Love, 
in public, since then, that the dew of memory has not 
softened my voice and given the tender spirit of 
pathos to the best words I could command. 

After giving a course of lectures at Berlin, ten miles 
south of Hartford, by special invitation, I spent the 4th 
of July at home, and on the 10th started from Suffield, 



138 Over the Falls. 

Conn., 17 miles north of Hartford, for Sag Harbor, L. L, 
via the Connecticut River. This journey, and the 
time and bother it cost, will illustrate the changes 
which have been made in the Continental part of that 
route since then. The Hartford & Springfield Rail- 
road was not then built, and the only way of public 
travel between the two places was by stage-coach once 
a day, or by steamboat on the river over Enfield Falls 
going down, and through the Windsor Locks going up. 
Below Hartford there was no railroad parallel with the 
river, and the line of boats to New York gave one' 
trip a day. Now, also, there is a branch railroad from 
Suffield to connect at Windsor Locks with the main 
line. 

I copy from my diary : 

"At one o'clock p.m., July 10th, I rode from my 
home to Thompson ville, two and a half miles, and took 
the steamboat Phmnix for Hartford, seventeen miles. 
Fare, fifty cents. Mr. Choate, of Boston, United States 
Senator, was on board. The passage over the Enfield 
Falls is very interesting, especially when the water is 
as low as at present. The rapids are six miles in length, 
and the river falls, in that distance, thirty-six feet- 
For over a mile the fall is quite steep, and the water 
roars over the rocky bottom. There is a narrow chan- 
nel, as if cut in the rock, just wide enough for the boat 
to pass (in fact, the boat was built for this narrow chan- 
nel, is flat at the bottom, draws fifteen inches of water, 
and has a stern paddle-wheel), and on each side of the 
boat, as it passes in this channel, the water is not more 
than six inches deep, and in many places the rocks are 
bare. Moreover, this channel is crooked and difficult 



Old Stage Traveling. 139 

of passage; yet the water being so shallow, I conclude 
there is no danger, for if the boat were to get swamped, 
there is not water enough to sink her. 

u In making our passage over the falls two incidents 
occurred worthy of note, viz : the boat passed over a 
rock which made it groan and scrape fearfully, but it 
careened to starboard, partly blocking the channel, 
which dammed up the water, and this, united with the 
great speed of the current, carried us over it, and we 
righted and passed on in safety. It is very much like 
going to sea on land. The other incident was this: 
As we were passing through the narrow rock-channel, 
a large sturgeon, while making his way up the channel, 
found himself run afoul of by the boat, when, conclud- 
ing it better to beat a retreat rather than to try strength 
with so large a foe, he sprang from under the boat, 
quite out of the channel upon the rocks. The water 
being not more than six inches in depth, his back was 
out of water, and he splashed about at a great rate. 
He made two or three efforts to get under the boat into 
deeper water, and finally succeeded, and went on to fin- 
ish his journey and repair damages. He could easily 
have been captured had there been a spear at hand. 

" At Hartford I took the stage for Middletown, fif- 
teen miles (fare seventy-five cents), in company with 
Judge Williams, Senator Choate, and Mr. Hungerford, 
the distinguished lawyer of Hartford. Mr. Choate is 
going to attend a Military Court Martial at Middle- 
town, and the judge and lawyer the Supreme Court 
now in session. 

" 11th. — Took lodgings at the Central Hotel, and the 
next day at half -past two o'clock p.m. took the steamer 



140 An Exasperating Calm. 

Kosciusco for Lyme, distance twenty-five miles, fare 
' seventy-five cents, reaching our destination at seven 
o'clock. Took lodgings at Bacon's Hotel, and engaged 
passage for Sag Harbor on board the daily packet 
sloop Enterprise, Capt. Baker, distance thirty miles, 
fare one dollar. 

"Wednesday, 12th. — At 7-J o'clock a.m., went on board 
the Enterprise, and with a fine breeze passed Say brook 
light into the Sound. When ten miles out the breeze 
died away into a dead calm, and we lay in the hot sun 
four hours and drifted on the tide — this was ' a great 
calm ' but how Small a craft and what a meagre freight, 
consisting of the captain, the crew, to wit, one boy ; the 
mate, one dog; the passengers, two. At noon hungry; 
provisions, salt bacon, baker's bread, no butter; coffee, 
no sugar or milk. As we ought to have been in Sag 
Harbor at dinner, the captain apologized, and blamed 
the absent wind. At three o'clock a breeze sprung up, 
and we made Plum Island light and passed through 
what is called ' Plum Gut.' where the tide, at the stage 
we found it, roars so that it may be heard five miles, and 
resembles a boiling pot, like the ' Gate ' near New 
York. We reached Sag Harbor at five o'clock, after a 
varied passage of thirty miles in nine and a half hours. 
We found five or six whale ships in port, and resolved 
to study that business as opportunity may be afforded. 

" Thursday, 13th.— Engaged the Vestry of the Metho- 
dist church to commence a course of lectures on Satur- 
day evening, the 15th. Thus I started Monday, and in 
two and a half days I had managed to get away from 
home a distance of about one hundred miles, and then 
had to wait three days before I could open my lectures. 



Finest Beach in America. 141 

" Of course I had time to watch with a spy-glass from 
the observatory on the hotel the incoming of the good 
ship Hamilton from the north-west coast, thirty-two 
months out. With a glass I could sweep Gardner's 
Bay, the Sound, and its opening into the ocean, and 
followed the ship as she beat her way up the harbor. 

" July 15. — Spent the day among the whale ships in 
every stage of loading and unloading, and went on 
board the Hamilton, just in. She has on board 4,100 
barrels of oil and 42,000 pounds of whale-bone, worth 
thirty-six cents a pound. It is quite affecting to witness 
the arrival of the officers and crew of a whale ship so long 
absent on so perilous a journey, and observe, the hearty 
greetings with the loving friends on shore. If any class 
of toilers deserve well of friends and fortune, it is that 
hardy class that ' plow the deep and dark blue ocean.' 

" Having completed my course at Sag Harbor, I went 
through Bridge Hampton to Southampton on the south 
shore of the island, and only eleven miles from Sag 
Harbor. Here, on Saturday, 22d, I opened a course at 
the Academy. Here I had, for the first time, an opportu- 
nity of standing on the beach of the broad ocean and 
seeing the rolling waves coming straight from the Cape 
of Good Hope without hindrance, and dash with all 
their force on the shore of Long Island. Here the 
beach is of sand, and as far as the eye can reach, east 
and west, not a point or promontory breaks the con- 
vex curve of the shore line. Here, at least, one may 
meditate, and in silence converse with space and the 
vasty deep. The surf and the wind have made a line 
of sand-blufF along the shore, and on this bluff are set, 
some miles apart, tall, crotched posts with a ' crow's 



142 War of Sea against Land. 

nest ' at the top, where (in .slack seasons for farming) 
an outlook for whales is maintained, which now and 
then appear in the offing, and they have boats and 
tackle, and occasionally take a £ hundred-barrel whale.' 
" I saw one southerly gale on this shore, and witnessed, 
with profound awe and grateful thanks, the struggle of 
the sea to master the earth. If one may moralize, it is 
grand to see the courage of the sea ; when the land, in 
stolid silence, hurls the roaring waves back, broken, 
foaming, and defeated for ninety-nine times, when it 
takes breath and gathers up its tireless strength and 
smites the stupid, sturdy earth for the hundredth time, 
as hopefully and as pluckily as at the first. 

" ' Eoll on, thou deep, blue ocean, roll 1 ' 

u During this hot season I concluded that Long 
Island, whose people trust to labor on the land and at 
sea, is not so good a place for lectures, except in cold 
weather, as the mainland, and on the 26th of July took 
the stage for Sag Harbor, and in the afternoon, the 
steamboat Thome, Capt. Coit, for Norwich, Conn., dis- 
tance across the Sound to New London thirty miles, 
thence thirteen miles to Norwich, fare $1.25. Here I 
struck the Norwich and Worcester Railroad, and after 
staying overnight, and admiring the most romantic lit- 
tle city in this country, I took the cars for Jewett 
City, eight miles from Norwich, and engaged the lect- 
ure-room of the Baptist church for a course of lectures, 
heartily glad to get back to my native New England, 
and resolved not again to leave it until I have visited 
and lectured in all its available places." 



Provincial and Cosmopolitan. 143 

I may here state, that, with one exception, which I re- 
gretted, I did not leave New England until, in 1849, I 
was called to give up the lecture field for local work in 
the Phrenological office at New York. It is doubtless 
better for any man to lecture before the type of people 
among whom his life has been nurtured, whose ways of 
thinking and living he knows ; and to whom his life, 
character, modes of thought, and methods of expression, 
especially his pronunciation of the language he uses, 
shall be acceptable and agreeable. This is his best 
place to prosper. 

A term of a third of a century in ~New Tork has 
brought me en rappo/'t with people from every 
section of our country, and in fact quite extensively 
with people of other lands, and all this doubtless has 
made me more cosmopolitan than I was in 1843 ; but 
then, at least, though fairly successful on the east end 
of Long Island, it was the wrong season of the year, 
and the people were then at least fifty years behind 
those on the mainland. But the railway and the tele- 
graph, the latter not then born, have done much to 
lessen the mental isolation prevalent there, and now 
their excellent schools and free mental commerce by 
means of railway communication have made Long Island 
a delightful place to visit, and a capital place to lecture, 
as in recent years I have had abundant occasion to know. 

On the 28th of July I gave my introductory lecture 
at Jewett City, and was greeted by a good attendance 
and encouraged by manifest interest. 

At my third lecture I examined publicly a man whose 
head bore a strong resemblance to the cast of the 
Amsterdam Idiot, which I held up to the audience as a 



144: Old and Pleasant Memories. 

comparison, and little more was necessary. He had 
been brought from a neighboring town to test Phre- 
nology. On the 9th of August I closed a successful 
course of nine lectures. 

In January, 1882, I accepted an inyitation to give 
two lectures in this place, to constitute a part of an ex- 
tended, popular course, under the management of my 
friend, Dr. £. W. Murlless, and gladly met several per- 
sons who heard me thirty-nine years before, and who ex- 
pressed gratification to meet me again. A gentleman in- 
vited me to his house to examine his whole family and a 
party of his friends, and said that he remembered that 
he was examined by me in 1843, as well as all his brothers 
and sisters, and that my advice to him then had greatly 
aided him in the choice of his pursuit and in regulating 
his propensities and passions. " ISTow," said he, " I 
want my children to have the same opportunity, for I 
am sure I owe my success in business, and my standing 
in society, to the impulse your examination gave me 
in the right direction." Casting " bread upon the 
waters " is a good investment, doubtless, though one 
wait thirty-nine years before he find it. I found that 
not only a few remembered me, personally, and some 
gratefully, but my labors and my name had not in all 
these years been forgotten by the people, hence the in- 
vitation and the largest audiences of the course. 

For the benefit of other lecturers on our subject, I 
may venture to say, always do your best to make and 
leave a good impression, though your recompense may 
be small. You will thereby pave the way for the success 
of those who may follow you, and perhaps, after forty 
years, receive renewed evidence of your previous faith- 



Strange and Droll Coincidence. 145 

ful work, and pecuniary compensation which shall make 
the two visits average nicely. Jewett City deserves 
my kind remembrances and it now gives me pleasure to 
record them. 

I next visited Willimantic, a manufacturing town 
seventeen miles north-west of Jewett City. Paper 
and cotton goods were the chief products of the place. 
Since then its growth has been very great, and it ranks 
among the best manufacturing towns in ^N~ew England. 

Dr. Witter, an eminent surgeon, resided here, and 
took considerable interest in my course of ten lectures, 
which were largely attended, and my professional busi- 
ness was very gratifying. 

I examined in public, at one of my lectures, a young 
man named Charles Spafford, and described him as 
having " an excellent body, insuring health and vigor, 
and a temperament favorable to mental brilliancy, capa- 
ble of learning rapidly, but too restless to study per- 
sistently. Having genius, he would manage to make 
an excellent appearance for the amount of information 
he possessed, being endowed with wit that had wings, 
and assurance and dash which would dare anything, and 
that he often would pass for knowing and being more 
than the real facts would warrant." 

The audience seemed to relish the description, and 
the subject joined in the joy of the occasion. 

STRANGE AND DROLL COINCIDENCE. 

The next day he called on me, and after having given 
an outline of his surroundings and career, he said his 
father desired him to go through college, but he pre- 

7 



146 Latin Under Difficulties. 

ferred to engage in manufacturing, and he knew that 
his father's business (paper making in a large way) was 
sufficient for him, therefore he resolved to graduate at 
the academy at Ellington, Conn., and not go to college. 

Accordingly he attended that school for several years, 
but was too full of fun and mischief to study much, and 
that he depended upon his good-nature, tact, and cheek 
to get along with Prof. King, the principal, whenever 
any delinquency occurred. " So matters went on," said 
he, ".till the day of graduation came, and the students 
were to separate, some to enter one college, some 
another, and the rest to go to business, especially my- 
self. It was then customary for Yale College to look 
to Ellington Academy for fine classical students, since 
our principal was gifted as a teacher in languages. For 
some years Ellington students had taken the first place 
in Yale, and had been valedictorians, and it was made 
a point to stimulate the students to push ahead in 
Latin and Greek, so as to take high rank in college. 

" I was a poor scholar in Latin, and only fair in other 
studies, and as I did not intend to enter college, I did 
no more than I must in Latin. Knowing that 1 might 
be obliged to read and translate on graduation day, I 
thought I would study, and, if possible, master a page. 
So I took my Yirgil and carelessly opened it at page 
52, and read and scanned it as best I could, until I 
thought I could read it pretty well, but did not men- 
tion the fact. 

" When our graduation day came, the Latin Professor 
from Yale was present ; the class in Latin was handed 
over to him, and the most advanced students placed 
at the head, and I, of course, at the foot, expecting 



"Cheek" — "Gone to Seed." 147 

he would get satisfied by hearing four or five of the 
best. 

" The student at the head, and our best scholar, was 
asked to read and translate, and to our surprise he got 
nervous and nearly broke down. The next was tried, 
but with similar result ; this scared the rest, and every 
one felt cheap, more especially our worthy principal. 
When the Yale visitor called on ine to read, he thought 
perhaps ' the best of the wine was reserved for the last 
of the feast,' but Prof. King doubtless felt worse than 
I did, for he instantly began to study the structure of 
the elm trees on the common, and each student fell to 
counting the nails in the floor, or sharpening a pencil, 
or scraping his nails, anything but attending to the 
translation of Latin by Charlie Spaflord before a Yale 
College Professor. It was too absurd, that our class 
should ignominiously fail, and that the numskull of 
the class should complete the defeat and disgrace. If 
any "Wellington ever wished for ' sundown or Blucher,' 
our good old Prof. King must have wished for the end- 
ing of that most inauspicious day. 

" The dignitary from Yale turned to me, at the bot- 
tom of the class, and said, ' Young man, you will please 
turn to page — p-a-g-e 52.' 

" I knew where it was without the number, and with- 
out much searching, I was on my feet, and rattling 
away at my task. 

" Soon the Principal turned his gaze full upon me, 
and all the students craned their necks to make sure it 
was the dunce of the school who was rolling" off the 
Latin so glibly, and giving its equivalent in Johnsonian 
English. The Yale man opened his eyes with delight, 



148 Sheer Luck and Audacity. 

leaned back and enjoyed it, and I careered down to 
the bottom of the page with self-poised freedom. 

" ' TVell done ! well done, young man ! ' said the gen- 
tleman from Yale. ; I congratulate you, and your 
worthy teacher. Your classmates may well be proud 
of you. I should expect much of you. By the way, 
young man, I want to ask you just one question.' 

(" Oh, my good stars, thought I, why will you raise 
me to the skies, and then cast me down ?) 

" ' The question is this : why did you render such a 
passage as you did ? ' . 

("I had heard of the c poetic license,' and I thought I 
would try that dodge and risk it) and I straightened up 
my full six feet in height, and replied, bravely and with 
the sternest confidence : 

" i I rendered it as I did, sir, on the principle of " the 
poetic license." ' 

" ' Excellent, excellent. You are the first student 
whoever answered me that question ' correctly. That 
will do, that will do, sir.' 

"After the adjournment Prof. King came to me — 
the students gathering around — ' How is this, Spafford ? 
Have you been deceiving us all in respect to your pro- 
ficiency in Latin ? ' 

" ' My dear sir,' said I, i that page I had by the 
merest accident selected and worked on it a week, and 
it is the only page in the book that I can read with any 
credit to anybody, and by the one chance in ten mil- 
lion he selected it for me. And the question he asked 
about me the poetic license passage shows that it was 
that point on which he generally impaled his poor fel- 
lows. Don't you think me lucky ? ' 



Waterbuby, Conn. 149 



" After a good laugh all around, it seemed to be de- 
cided that cheek and luck did sometimes win when 
worth and pluck might fail. That closed my school 
days, and especially my study of the Latin. 

" I guess you are right, sir, in your description of my 
assurance and dash. I don't know of a man who would 
risk so much on so slight a chance — but I took the 
chance, and for once, at least, luck beat solid worth." 



CHAPTER XII. 

WATEEBUBY, CONNECTICUT. 

I have many pleasant memories of this town, and, for 
several reasons, feel strongly inclined to copy some 
pages from my diary written while there. Then it was 
a town of 3,000 inhabitants, with a few factories; in 
1850 it contained 5,000; in 1860, 10,000; in 1870, 
13,000 ; and in 1880, 41,000. 

The manufacture of gilt buttons was begun in 1802 
and after the war of 1812 the rolling of brass and copper, 
ajid the production of brass and copper wire, were in- 
troduced, and Waterbury is now, 1882, the center of 
the brass industry of the country. There are six roll- 
ing mills, each having a capital of from $200,000 to 
$400,000 ; two clock companies, a large suspender and 
webbing factory, and one of the most extensive pin 
factories in the country. There are about thirty joint 
stock companies, with an aggregate capital of $6,000,000. 
The city contains two National Banks and two Savings 



150 The Model "Landlord." 

Institutions, a high-school and three academies. One 
daily and two weekly papers are published. The city 
was incorporated in 1853. 

The growth of the town in thirty-nine years, and the 
changes in the names of the firms conducting the busi- 
ness then and now, will be significant to an inhabitant 
of that city ; and the few entries I copy will perhaps be 
read with interest by traveling lecturers on Phrenology, 
when they remember that this was my fourth year in 
the field. 

"Monday, Sept. 18, 1843. — At six o'clock in the 
morning I left Mr. Buell at Watertown (having just 
concluded a course with him in Bristol, Conn.), and 
took the stage for Waterbury, Conn., distance six 
miles, and put up at the Mansion House, kept by Shel- 
don Collins, who is a young, unmarried man, easy in 
his manners and very obliging to his customers. 1 ob- 
tained the old church in which to give a course of lect- 
ures. This was attended with more inconvenience than 
difficulty, as I was obliged to see every owner, but no 
one made the slightest objection. It is owned by six 
men, and is used only as a Town Hall, lecture-room, 
and the like. 

" The town of Waterbury is new, and wealthy, mainly 
from the manufacture of buttons. I say it is new, be- 
cause within a few years it has increased very much, so 
that the place, for the most part, is composed of new 
streets, new buildings, and new inhabitants. I have 
not felt so lonely as usual in a new place, from the fact 
that I have been so busy, and my landlord has the hap- 
piest faculty to make a stranger's stay agreeable, and 
keep him from feeling lonely until he has time to form 



Early Kubber Process-. 151 

new acquaintances. If hotel-keepers knew the feelings 
of strangers in a strange place, and the value of a few 
kind and agreeable words, they would have learned the 
true secret of their vocation, viz : to please the stranger 
and secure his future patronage and good- will by mer- 
iting it. My worthy host deserves my warmest good 
wishes, and I here record his name again that it may 
not be forgotten — Sheldon Collins. 

" Tuesday, 19th. — I find myself in a thriving village 
enjoying business prosperity and unusual health. There 
are several large establishments here for the manufac- 
ture of buttons. The brass and other metal is cast and 
rolled into plates from which buttons are cut, also wire, 
for eyes to buttons, and for hooks and eyes, is here 
made. Two miles east is a satinet factory employing 
eighty hands. The Naugatuck river affords water 
for a part of the mills ; the others are propelled by its 
branches. In the evening gave my first lecture to 
over one hundred and fifty persons. 

" Wednesday, 20th. — I visited the rolling mill and 
slitting works, and the wire drawing and button manu- 
factory of Benedict & Burnham, and had seven calls 
during the day for professional work. In the evening 
I gave my second lecture to three hundred people, who 
appeared well pleased with the lecture and public ex- 
aminations. Here the people applauded, as they do 
not generally in New England, when anything is said 
that pleases them. 

" Thursday, 21. — Busy during most of the day with 
professional calls. I had a very large audience at my 
third lecture, after which fifteen gentlemen attended 
me to my room, and I examined six of them to the sat- 
isfaction of ail present. 



152 Secrets Sacredly Kept. 

" Saturday, 23. — Yesterday I visited the pen factory, 
and in the evening lectured. To-day I visited the 
cloth-button factory, and saw the process of putting to- 
gether the cloth and tin by machinery, aiid that very 
quickly without stitching, as formerly they were made. 
I also was permitted to examine the gum elastic fac- 
tory. The gum is bought in the form of a gourd, 
soaked in some chemical liquid, and pressed flat like a 
pancake; these are placed on a center point and 
screwed down in a horizontal position. This is then 
turned around by machinery, and brought in contact 
with a revolving cutter, and so graduated as to take off 
from its periphery a continuous shaving of any required 
thickness. These are then slitted into threads like 
wire, and the ends lapped and welded with a light 
hammer by girls. The rubber threads are then warped 
and all the stretch taken out. It is then woven in con- 
nection with yarn, after which a warm iron reduces 
the rubber to its former elasticity. [This rude method 
of making rubber goods represented the most advanced 
process at that day, and it will awaken a smile of in- 
credulity with young people who are versed in the 
modem method. Secrecy was enjoined upon me at 
the time, and I have kept it inviolate until now, and 
since I know a hundred better methods of working 
rubber have succeeded it, I am quite sure my polite 
and confiding friends will not only excuse me for, but 
laugh at this revelation]. I was then admitted into 
Johnson's hook and eye factory, and contrary to cus- 
tom I was permitted to see the operation. It is simple 
and seems perfect. [Secrecy was here enjoined, and I 
still preserve it.] Near the factory a party of nine 



Hard Work of a Phrenologist. 153 

persons invited me to make examinations and mark 
charts. In the evening I lectured to fonr hundred 
people, who gave profound attention, intermitted by 
bursts of deafening applause. This sounds like the ac- 
clamation of Southern people. There, if a man do 
not succeed. in raising applause he is considered a poor 
speaker. In New England, generally, an audience 
will listen with eagerness and silence, and the more 
deeply they are moved the stiller they are. A South- 
erner would for a while, until he got used to it, think 
he was wasting his effort. The Northerner knows and 
appreciates what is said. After the lecture I examined 
twelve persons at my room. 

" Friday, 29. — In the evening I gave my eighth lecture 
on the subject of Matrimony to a very large audience, 
and at the close of it gave nine charts at my room. 
People here give me all the business I wish, yea, more 
than I want. I have examined twenty-five heads to- 
day. 

" Saturday, 30. — I visited at the house of Elizur 
Pritchard, and examined eight heads, then went by in- 
vitation to the vicinity of Brown & Elton's factory, and 
examined eight more. In the evening I gave my ninth 
and last lecture to a full church. This day I have ex- 
amined thirty heads. 

"Monday, Oct. 2. — Though my course of lectures 
is finished I was kept examining until 11 o'clock in the 
evening. Thirty persons have been under my hands 
to-day. People who do not know, may think this an 
easy way of living, but when it is remembered that the 
brain is kept keyed up to the highest laboring point ; 
that no two subjects examined are much alike, and 
7* 



154 A GOVERNOR AND JlTDGE. 

therefore each is a subject of special study, and that 
important consequences may attach to each examina- 
tion, the responsibility and earnest work of the pro- 
fession may be inferred. 

A GOVERNOR AND A JUDGE. 

"Tuesday, 3. — Lieutenant-Governor Hallibard, who 
resides at Winsted, Conn., and who is here on legal 
business, called at my room with Judge Blackman, of 
Waterbury, (later of ISTew Haven). I made a very 
searching examination of the Governor, and when I 
closed my remarks, which were very plain and pointed, 
he said : 

" ' Well, I will endorse you as a phrenologist who is 
an adept in his business.' 

" I then examined the head of Judge Blackman, who 
remarked : 

"'You have hit me all over.' 

"I have rarely found so large a development of 
Cautiousness, even in the head of a female, and I said 
to the judge, ' Sir, you are naturally very timid, bash- 
ful and backward, even among your equals.' 

" ' Now,' said the judge, ' I will relate an anecdote. 
When I undertook to make my first public effort at 
college I was so bashful that I could not make my bow, 
or utter a word, and the next day I entered my name at 
dancing school on purpose to learn how to make a bow 
in company, and face the public without embarrass- 
ment, and from that day to this, in spite of all my pub- 
lic efforts at the bar and on the bench, caution and 
timidity have been ruling traits in my character.' 

" Judge Blackman, on behalf of some of the best 



Meriden, Conn. 155 

men in the place, invited me to return to Waterbury 
some time the coming winter and give a course of six- 
teen lectures to a select class of a hundred persons. 

u In two weeks I have lectured nine times, exam- 
ined 150 heads, obtained several subscribers to .the 
Phrenological Journal, and sold . a good many books." 

MERIDEN, CONN. 

On the 16th of October, 1843, I visited Meriden, 
Conn., and commenced a course of eleven lectures in the 
lecture room of the Baptist Church. Then the hill, or 
East street, composed the village. A few houses had 
been built around the depot, where now, 1882, the 
heart of the city of Meriden is situated, and contains 
most of the large manufacturing establishments. It 
iuterests me to remember the growth of Waterbury, 
Meriden, New Britain, Willimantic, Danbury, Birming- 
ham, and Winsted, Conn., from straggling villages in 
1840, to prosperous, wealthy and compact cities forty 
years later. In this solid town of Meriden I gave a 
course of lectures in March, 1877, in their spacious and 
handsome city hall, and paid $75 rent for four even- 
ings, and $6 a day board for myself and secretary, and 
made a good deal more money than I did in giving 
nine lectures in 1843, paying one dollar a night for my 
lecture room, and 75 cents a day for board and room 
for an office in their best hotel. In several of the 
towns referred to I have given two, and in some, three 
courses of lectures, studying the growth of the places, 
the increase in the quality and extent of its manufac- 
tures, and seeing the smart young fellows who greeted 



156 Changes and Precious Memories. 

my first coming, grow in " position and power to be the 
leaders and solid men. 

My first visit to Collins ville in 1843 brought me in 
contact with a young man having a family of little 
boys, whose heads I was called to examine. The father 
was working very hard over an anvil as an axe-maker. 
When I made my third visit in 1879, this man was a 
master spirit in the business, a leader in the church and 
town, and one of his little boys had become superin- 
tendent of the great works. Friendships and influ- 
ences thus made and widened by time, retaining all 
the fragrance of the beginning with all the added vigor 
and richness which time, experience, and memory can 
impart, indeed make life most precious and prophetic. 

"Nov. 2, 1843. — I rode to Berlin from Meriden, 
about seven miles, and gave an introductory lecture at 
the Academy to a good audience. In June last I gave 
a course of eleven lectures, and now, by invitation, I 
return to give another course, or, as the invitation runs, 
'repeat the course.' One hearty, earnest man, who 
aided in the matter of invitation, and perhaps was one 
of the sponsors for the remuneration, sent word to me 
by my friend Beckley (who heard me at Proctorsville, 
Yt., and who procured my visit to Berlin in June last) 
requesting that I tell the same anecdotes by way of il- 
lustration that I told during the first course of lectures. 
6 I want,' said he, ' the same yarns I heard before.' 

" Of course I avoided, so far as I could remember, 
the illustrative stories which I told in the first course, 
and selected others, but this friend said he wanted the 
course repeated, especially the stories. These, and the 
meaning they carried, he could understand and rem em- 



Birmingham, Conn. 157 

ber. This course was more successful than the first in 
point of numbers attending, in respect to the social 
standing of the auditors, and last, not least, in the 
financial results." 



CHAPTER XIII. 

BIRMINGHAM, CONN. 

" Thursday, November 23. — I reached Birmingham, 
ten miles west of New Haven, and visited Dr. Am- 
brose Beardsley, to whom I had letters, and he offered 
me every attention, and introduced me to Rev. Wm. 
Ashley of the Episcopal church, and he kindly tendered 
me the use of the basement lecture-room of his church 
for my course. I was also introduced to Edward Shel- 
ton, a manufacturer of tack nails, and he bade me wel- 
come, and assured me of his cordial aid and sympathy. 

" On Saturday, 25th, I issued my bills for Monday. 
This town is located between the Housatonic and 
Naugatuck rivers, on a promontory, which makes the 
town airy, high and healthy, like Harper's Ferry be- 
tween the Potomac and Shenandoah. The mills are 
propelled by the waters of the Naugatuck, and it gives 
excellent power for large works. 

" The prospects for a cordial reception of Phrenolo- 
gy and myself as its exponent are excellent. My first 
lecture was well attended, and the right spirit seemed 
manifest. 

" Thursday, 28. — I left the rough solitary hotel, and 
accepted the offer of board and rooms at the house of 



158 The Kelloggs. 

Dr. Beardsley, and in the evening gave my second 
lecture to an increased audiencs. This place is full of 
1 live men,' young, spirited, enterprising and clear- 
headed ; and .the place being comparatively new, the 
aristocracy is not composed of old, conservative people, 
but the blossoms of the town are in a condition to 
learn, improve and grow, and hence are eager to be 
taught by any one who can teach on any good subject. 

" Thursday, 30. — My fourth lecture was attended by 
three hundred and fifty people, embracing all the min- 
isters, doctors, and most of the leading business men. 
It is seldom one looks into such an array of eager, in- 
tellectual faces. 

" Sunday, Dec. 3. — In the morning Mr. Peter 
Phelps called, and invited me to attend church with 
him and his wife, and Mr. William E. Dodge, of New 
York. In the evening Mr. Dodge lectured on tem- 
perance, (as he has been doing ever since). 

" Tuesday. — I called on Mr. George Kellogg, a gradu- 
ate of Wesleyan University, and a firm believer and ad- 
vocate of Phrenology. He held up its banner while in 
college, and was known for that and for other progres- 
sive ideas. He is doing much here to awaken an in- 
terest among the leading people, and I have no doubt 
my marked success here is, in no small degree, due to 
his efforts, culture and standing. I found here the 
books on Phonography, and Mr. Kellogg is something 
of an expert in setting forth its claims. I began its 
study, and intend to prosecute it as far as I may. j^ix 
years later when I entered the office in New York, and 
was obliged to dictate Phrenological character to pho- 
nographers, and to aid them in reading their notes when 



HuMPIIREYSVILLE SEYMOUR. 159 

they got into the fog, as beginners in shorthand often 
do, I found that the knowledge of shorthand which 
Mr. and Mrs. Kellogg led me to acquire, became of 
great service to me and my business, and also enabled 
me to help out tyros in the art till they could go alone. 
I may say here that my friends, the Kelloggs, are the 
parents of the wonderful prima donna, Miss Clara 
Louise Kellogg, whose splendid voice has been happily 
heard throughout the cultured world, and Mr. Kellogg 
honored me with his friendship to the present day. 
Four years later I gave another course in Birmingham, 
and became acquainted with the brightest child I ever 
saw, as I then thought, the beautiful Clara Louise. I 
love children, but this one was my special pet then, 
and she would come to my arms flying whenever I 
called.] 

" Tuesday, Dec. 12. — My professional business is 
large. In the evening I gave my twelfth and last lect- 
ure. 

" During my stay here I have been invited to visit, 
among many others, in the family of Dr. Howe, the 
inventor of the pin machine, and also, contrary to 
strict rule, I have been permitted to go through the pin 
factory, and witness the wonderful * steel fingers' that 
seem to be guided by intelligence. The hook and eye 
machines invented by Mr. Kellogg and his father-in- 
law, I also saw with pleasure and admiration. 

HUMPHREYSVILLE. 

" From these pleasant associations I went to Hum- 
phreysville (now called Seymour), six miles from Bir- 
mingham, up the Naugatuck. This is the birthplace 



160 Wonderful Truth of Fiction. 

or the early home of the celebrated author, Mrs. Ann 
S. Stevens. 

" She wrote a story called ' Melina Gray,' and its in- 
cidents were located here. The first day I came I was 
standing on the bridge looking up toward the mill-dam, 
when, all at once, the scene seemed strikingly familiar. 
I turned and saw the grove of pines which I expected, 
and then the rocky cliff on the western hill with vines 
creeping over it, and then it dawned on me that it was 
the scenery of the story of Melina Gray. 

" I remembered that her house was on the opposite 
hill and the white wall and green blinds must be peep- 
ing from among the trees and looking down into the 
valley below, and lo ! there it was. Only one more fact 
was wanting, viz. : the ' Rock Spring ' by the road just 
above the end of the bridge. I hurriedly walked over 
to the spot, and there, sure enough, was a rock hollowed 
out by nature like a punch-bowl, and large enough to 
hold a barrel of water. The top was level with the 
ground, and the sparkling water bubbled up to its brim 
and trickled off to the river. Then I knew it was the 
place. 

u During my course of six lectures in this place, I 
saw and conversed with several of the leading characters 
in the story of Melina Gray, who were among the 
prominent people of the village. I was one day in- 
vited to the house with the white gable and green 
blinds, where the heroine of the story lived, to make 
phrenological examinations. One woman, perhaps 
forty years old, was under my hands, when I observed 
while looking from the window upon the village below, 
that I was told this was the house where the dead 



D anbury, Connecticut. 161 

heroine, Melina Gray, once lived, in whose life and fate 
1 was wonderfully interested. She looked up with a 
roguish laugh and said, ' Why, I am Melina Gray. 5 
' But,' I said, ' she is dead ; the young, the unfortunate, 
the heart-broken, died long ago.' 

" I am certain if Mrs. Stephens always describes 
scenery so that a stranger, standing in its midst, recog- 
nizes it, her work is well done. But Melina Gray has 
no business to be alive ; yet she says she is." 



CHAPTEK XIY. 

DANBUKT, CONNECTICUT. 

This town is very widely known as the birthplace of 
P. T. Barnum, and more recently it received a very 
great notoriety as the home of the Daribury News, 
For a hundred years it has been a center for the manu- 
facture of hats. I made my first visit to Danbury, ar- 
riving Jan. 24, 1844, and gave a course of lectures at 
the Court House. At that time Rev. Mr. Irwin was 
the principal of the Female Seminary, and took a deep 
interest in my subject, inviting me to visit his house 
professionally, and examine the heads of himself and 
wife and the teachers, his assistants in the work of the 
seminary. While here, the temperature was eighteen 
degrees below zero, Boston harbor was frozen so as to 
bear oxen for ten miles out, and $3,000 were expended 
to cut a channel to let out to sea the steamship Bri- 
tannioa. 



162 The Drollest People ln the World. 

intemperate temperance. 

January 29th I gave up my use of the Court House 
for an evening to admit a lecture on temperance by Mr. 
Yan "Wagoner, of Poughkeepsie, ET. Y. He was a fine 
speaker and a strong man. After the lecture he re- 
turned with me to the Phoenix House, and we chatted 
till eleven o'clock. Meantime Mr. Yan Wagoner 
smoked three pipefuls of strong, plug tobacco. I ven- 
tured to ask him if he could reconcile so heavy a use of 
tobacco with the principles of temperance. His reply 
was prompt and f ul] of meaning. " JN"o, I can not. It 
is just as much a violation of true temperance to be- 
come, as I am, besotted with tobacco, as it is to use 
liquor, though it does not take away one's reason, as 
that does, or make a man abuse his family. Neverthe- 
less it is indefensible to me." 

Time passed on and the man who dropped liquor, yet 
kept his nervous system on the strain by tobacco, finally 
went back to his cups and died of delirium tremens. 

THE DROLLEST PEOPLE IN THE WORLD. 

Danbury, at this time, was noted for a great number 
of aged men. Every fine day there would be a gather- 
ing of them at the hotel, and such " yarns " as they would 
spin, and such practical jokes as they would play upon 
each other was most amusing. In front of the hotel 
there was a considerable park, and one of these octoge- 
narians could be seen for quite a distance coming toward 
the hotel to meet his cronies. It would seem that he ex- 
pected that those who had first come would have some 
trap set, or some droll, practical joke ready for the later 



Barnum's Beginnings. 163 

arrivals, for I noticed lie would not open the door in 
the regal ar way, but loosen the latch and stand back 
and push the door open with a cane lest there should 
be a dish of water or a brick-bat to be tipped and set oif 
by the opening of the door. When nothing of the 
kind appeared to be pending, he would carefully put 
his head in, with eyes glittering with fun and suspicion, 
and look behind the door and on each side as if expect- 
ing some trick ; meanwhile half a dozen old men would 
sit around, nursing their canes and showing infinite in- 
terest in their coming comrade's sly and wary approach. 
Of course tricks were common or they would not have 
been watched for and feared. 



Such men as these were in their prime when the boy 
Barnum was growing up in their midst, and it is no 
wonder that he delights in astonishing mankind, and it 
is quite natural that he should regard an innocent trick 
that deceives and misleads the people, as a capital 
thing to do. In no other community, in this or any 
country, could be found an atmosphere so laden with 
drollery, wit, and mischief as this, and in no other 
could there have been, caused and cultured, such an 
embodiment of these as are found in the now old man 
Barnum. Nor has he the slightest idea of sobering 
down. His old neighbors and teachers did not sober 
down. They went up to eighty and above it, full of glee, 
ready for a trick or joke at any cost, and who can won- 
der that their apt pupil should chuckle at the wonder he 
excited and the money he could make out of the peo- 



164 A Leap- Year Episode. 

pie by showing Joyce Heth, the Mermaid, the Woolly 
Horse, the What Is It? " The Greatest Show on Earth," 
and last, but not least, Jumbo ! 

Barnum's career is the legitimate outcome of the 
surroundings which trained and developed his mind. 

We wish to say a word in favor of " the great hum- 
bug," which we are sure will weigh much with many. 
Twenty-five years ago I was told, by an ex-manager of 
his old Museum, that at his home, in Bridgeport, Mr. 
Barnum, one cold winter, handed to his minister 
(ITniversalist) live hundred dollars to give to the poor, 
as he, in his visits, should think best. The minister 
declined to take and administer it, unless he could tell 
who had supplied it, but this, Barnum would not con- 
sent to ; for one reason, especially, he did not want to 
be run down with calls, for he had no time to study 
the necessity or propriety of giving in particular cases ; 
finally he told the minister if he feared people would 
think the money came from his own pocket, he could 
say it was received from a friend, too busy to look after 
the wants of the poor ; " and when this sum is gone, 
come for more." 

True, he gets plenty of money from the public, and 
may properly return some of it, but some make as much 
and keep it all. 

A LEAP-YEAR EPISODE. 

I am tempted to copy an incident from my diary, 
and it may be imagined what a sensation it would 
make in such a place as Danbury : 

" Monday, Jan. 5, 1844. — A ludicrous affair occurred 
yesterday afternoon at the Congregational Church. Just 



Making PIorn Combs. 165 

as the sermon, by the Kev. Mr. Stone, was closed, Miss 
Caroline Starr, a very respectable and wealthy maiden 
lady, arose from her seat and walked up in front of the 
pulpit, turned around and beckoned to the Hon. S. H. 
Hickok, a lawyer of this place, who is a bachelor of 
about thirty-five years of age. No doubt is entertained 
that her object was to be then and there married to the 
'Squire. In justice, however, I ought to say that the 
lady is believed to be, at times, partially insane, but, 
perhaps, the fact of this being leap-year ought to ex- 
plain the matter. Our Benedict not judging it expedi- 
ent to comply with the suggestion of the lady, she 
prudently returned to her seat, in the midst of such an 
awkward excitement as rarely occurs in a church. Some 
wept, others giggled, and all were on the qui vive to see 
what would be the end of such a singular beginning. 
Order was restored by the benediction, and instantly 
the congregation was exchanging hasty inquiries, and 
forming little groups in all quarters of the church, dis- 
cussing this strange episode." 

Bethel is a parish in the town of Danbury, to which 
I next went, and gave a course of eight lectures, and 
also was invited to make a temperance address, which 
I did. Like Danbury proper, hat manufacturing is the 
leading business of this place. 

MAKING HORN COMBS. 

" I here met with a new line of industry, viz., horn 
combs, which are manufactured quite extensively. The 
horns are cut off at suitable lengths, then slitted so that 
they may be spread open. They are then boiled in oil, 



166 Sandwich Island Mission. 

which softens them ; they are then pressed flat in a 
hot press, and while hot they are cut out, of the proper 
shape and size for a comb, by a kind of cutting punch 
or die. The tips of horns which are very thick are thus 
worked. The scraping and cutting of the teeth are sim- 
ple operations. It is a very unhealthful occupation, in 
consequence of the red lead used in coloring them, 
which is inhaled in the dust arising from the process 
of polishing the work. Every person in the shop has a 
serious affection of the lungs, which will Anally prove 
fatal. It seems strange that persons will follow a busi- 
ness which is certain to destroy their constitution and 
defeat life ; but so long as powder is in demand, some- 
body will work at manufacturing it." 

BROOKFIELD, CONN. 

This town is a stirring business place on the Housa- 
tonic Railroad. . I gave a course of nine lectures, and 
had a crowded house, and much interest was manifested 
in the subject by the best people — among whom I 
may mention Judge Northrup and his two sons, Mr. 
Tomlinson, Dr. Lacy, Dr. Williams, and Mr. Samuel 
Ruggles. I copy from my diary : 

SANDWICH ISLAND MISSION. 

" Saturday, March 2, 1844. — I visited at the house 
of Mr. Ruggles, who, with his wife, and five other 
men and their wives, were the first missionaries to the 
Sandwich Islands. They went in 1819, and stayed fif- 
teen years. Mr. Ruggles has two interesting daughters 
about twenty years old, who were born there. When 



Wonderful Swimmers. 167 

the mission was opened the people were naked savages, 
and in less than fifteen years there was one church of 
six or seven thousand members; order, law, and de- 
cency prevailed on the islands, and civilization, with its 
blessings, prevailed. No -nation ever dropped savage, 
and adopted civilized, life so quickly and so radically. 
The people have good brains and fine bodies. 

" In the early days the natives delighted to get on 
some white men's garments, a hat, a pair of stockings, a 
vest or a coat, and strut through the town. One very tall 
chief became attached to Mr. Haggles, and frequently 
visited at his house, and as he wore no clothing, Mr. 
Ruggles requested him henceforth to wear clothing 
when he should come, out of deference to the family. 
He promised compliance. One day he rapped for ad- 
mission, and when the door was opened there stood 
the lordly chief with a pair of red stockings and a high 
hat. He thought himself dressed in conformity to the 
request, and seemed to be proud of his improved ap- 
pearance. 

" Mr. Ruggles said the natives are great swimmers 
and live in the water most of the time. Little chil- 
dren are taught to swim, and enjoy it. 

" On one occasion some forty men and women were 
in bathing, and they were ojit a mile from shore, as was 
not strange, and there sprang up a stiff breeze from 
the shore, and the tide was also setting out to sea. 
They saw that they must get ashore, and started, but 
after swimming for three hours they found they were 
not gaining, and the wind was increasing. They got 
together, held a consultation, and concluded that their 
only safety was in turning and swimming with the 



168 A Great Rogue. 

wind and tide for an island thirty miles away. This 
course they at once adopted. One man, after a while, 
was taken with cramps in the limbs, and his wife 
stopped and. rubbed him vigorously until he could go 
on. Some began to be tired, and thought it probable 
they might not be able to reach land, and they came to- 
gether and held a prayer meeting, and then proceeded. 
The man had another turn of cramps, and again was 
rubbed by his wife until he could proceed, and after a 
while he was obliged to put one hand on her shoulder, 
and thus sustained, he and his wife and more than two- 
thirds of the party reached the island, thirty miles dis- 
tant, after being in the water about eighteen hours. 
They were supposed by their friends at home to have 
been lost, but after recruitiug for a few days, they took 
advantage of a light wind in their favor, and swam 
back home to the main island, greatly to the joy of all, 
as they were of a class who were very influential and 
useful to the church and the town." 



A GREAT ROGUE. 

From the 11th to the 21st of March I complied with 
an invitation to give a course of eight lectures at 
Bridgewater, a parish in the town of New Milford, 
Conn., and was crowded in my lecture room, and pa- 
tronized liberally in my office. 

" I examined in public the head of a man named 
William Stewart, and described him as ' more inclined 
to get a living in some sly, speculative, unfair way, 
than to put in solid, honest work.' He had been 
brought to the lecture from another neighborhood, for 



Located in my Own Home. 169 

the purpose of obtaining an examination, thinking, on 
the part of some that I would detect his character, on 
the part of others, that I would fail. He had been a 
notorious passer of counterfeit money, and had spent 
five years in the Connecticut State prison. 

" The next day Stewart paid me a visit, and told me 
the whole history of his career of crime and imprison- 
ment. He used to get paper of Stephen Burroughs, 
formerly of Massachusetts, then of Canada, and put it 
into an old fashioned wooden bottle, made like a little 
barrel. He had two extra inside heads to contain rum, 
and a space was left on each side of the rum-apartment 
for the counterfeit bills and concealed by the usual 
heads of such a bottle. Sometimes he would bring his 
spurious bills in a hollow cane, a rude, rough stick 
no one would fancy or suspect. He said, however, 
that it is a trade attended with so much fear and 
anxiety, that it overbalances the profits, even though 
one could avoid detection." 



CHAPTEE XV. 



LOCATED IN MY OWN HOME. 



I wrote in my diary : " Oct. 6, 1843, 1 spent the day 
at my 'hired home ' in Suffield, gathering the fruits of 
my garden, which has been very productive. It is 
very gratifying to my feelings to till the soil, and look 
directly to the earth, to the sun and rain of heaven for 
my support, instead of depending upon the changing 
and uncertain tide of other pursuits. I hope the time 



170 "Home, Sweet Home." 

is not distant when I shall be located on a farm, if it 
shall be no larger than that of Cincinnatus, viz., two 
and a half acres." 

I then had no idea that this wish was to be literally 
fulfilled in six months' time. But I wrote in my diary 
as follows : 

" April 23, 1844.— This day I left Suffield, Conn., 
with my family and effects for our new home in Avon, 
Conn., which was for the first time heard of, and con- 
tracted for, in January last." 

" April 26th. — Received my deed for the place and 
paid the cash in full." 

It consisted of the coverted two and a half acres, a 
barn and a two-story house. It is situated in a pleasant 
hamlet, half a mile from the center of the town, in the 
fertile valley of the Farming! on River, at the western 
foot of the Talcott Mountain, nine miles directly west 
of the city of Hartford, and overlooked by ' Wadsworth 
Tower,' and hotel, then and now a place of great sum- 
mer resort. Here we had the best of neighbors, and a 
most delightful residence for seven years. Here on 
the 10th December, 1846, my son and namesake was 
born, Nelson Buell Sizer, who, with an instinct for 
books, especially on medical subjects, was naturally 
drawn to educational culture and medical science, and 
in process of time graduated from the University of 
the City of New York, in 1869, and from its medical 
department in 1872, since then successfully following 
the profession, and, since 1875, married and residing 
with his parents in Brooklyn, N. Y. 

When I had secured the proper settlement of my 
family, consisting of my wife and a son and daughter 



The Yankee Clock-Maker. 171 

by a former marriage, I commenced professional work 
by giving a course of lectures at Tariff ville, Conn., six 
miles distant. I then gave a second course at Collins- 
ville, with better success than that of a year before. In 
September I gave my first course at New Britain, and 
have since given two courses there, the last in 1877, 
since it became a city. 

THE YANKEE CLOCK-MAKER. 

From my diary I again copy : u Monday, Nov. 18th, 
1844. I took the stage for Terry ville, in the town of 
Plymouth, Conn., where I have been invited to give a 
course of lectures, and took lodging at Warner's new 
Temperance Hotel. I find that a notice of my lectures 
-was given yesterday in the church, by the pastor, Rev. 
Mr. Richardson, Congregational, and am to give them 
in the church. 

" Tuesday, 19. — Last evening I lectured in the church 
to a large audience. Rev. Mr. Richardson, Mr. Eli 
Terry, aged seventy-three (and who is the inventor of 
the ' Yankee clock,' and whittled out by hand the 
first one), were present at my opening lecture, and the 
whole population of the place, except, as it would seem, 
a housekeeper in each family. Dr. Boynton, Mr. Lewis, 
and Mr. Johnson were chosen a committee to select 
subjects for examination. 

" Wed., 20. — Yesterday professional business opened 
briskly, and my lecture was well attended. To-day 
I visited in the families of Mr. Terry, Dr. Boynton, 
and Rev. Mr. Richardson, and examined their heads, 
with charts. In the evening my lecture was largely 
attended. 



172 My Fir3t Class. 

" Thursday, 21st, — I am crowded with business. I 
captured time enough to accept an invitation to visit 
the Lock factory of Mr. Johnson, who strongly resem- 
bles John C. Calhoun. In the evening gave my fourth 
lecture to a large and pleasant audience. The people 
come to the church and take their pews, just as they do 
on Sunday, and it gives a cozy and homelike aspect to 
the audience, their good and able pastor, with his 
bright black eyes, being present at their head. 

MY FIRST CLASS. 

" Friday, 22. — Six young gentlemen have formed a 
class for private instruction in Phrenology, and as- 
semble every day at my room. Their first meeting was 
to-day, and will be continued while I remain here. 
Their names are A. X. Wei ton, H. E. Cook, Jeremy 
Totman, Frederick Nichols, Thompson Brooks, and 
John Monoghan. 

" Saturday, Nov. 23, '44. — I gave my class a lesson 
on the structure of the skull and the names of its 
various parts, and reviewed the lesson of yesterday on 
the brain. 

PHRENOLOGY EST THE PULPIT. 

" In the evening I attended the weekly lecture of 
Rev. Mr. Richardson on : ' Let us lay aside every weight, 
and the sin which doth so easily beset us ' (Heb. xii. 1), 
and he employed the doctrine of Phrenology and the 
several faculties by name, specifying the besetting sin 
of one as Acquisitiveness, of another, Combativeness, 
etc. In fact, it was a clear-cut, Phrenological sermon in 



The Yankee Clock-Makek. 173 

the light of my lectures, and he, with keen and critical 
talent, made it vivid, and his people listened as to a 
new revelation. 

"Sunday, 24th. — I attended church all day. In the 
morning the text was from the the first chapter of 
James : ' He being not a forgetful hearer, but a doer of 
the word.' Mr. Richardson illustrated and enforced 
his subject by direct reference to Phrenology, and to 
'the course of lectures now in progress here.' This is 
a new mode of preaching and I would that it were 
more in practice. 

" Thursday, Dec. 5th. — I gave my eleventh and last 
lecture, and on Friday, 6th, closed my labors with my 
private class, and am pleased with, nay, astonished at, 
the progress they have made. This is the first class I 
have instructed, and I enjoy the work highly." 

" Terry ville is so named after Mr. Terry, who in- 
vented the short clock, commonly called the ' Yankee 
clock,' and, while the inventor is but 73, and enjoys 
health and life, retaining all his powers of mind, he 
still continues his inventions of water-wheels and im- 
proved clocks. He made the first of the modern 
clocks, and during his active life they have been scattered 
over the world far more widely than the Bible. He 
has great-grand children, and a large circle of descendants 
in his village, and he moves, the patriarch of the place. 
By a late marriage he has two young children, younger 
than some of his great-grandchildren, and for a won- 
der, all parties appear to be satisfied with the strange 
arrangement. 

" Mr. Terry is reputed to be worth more than 
$100,000 [a neat fortune in those days], and his sons 



174 Portland and Brown Stone. 

are wealthy. The common rule is for genius, especially 
inventive genius, to live and die poor. Mr. Terry is 
an exception." 

GLASTONBURY, CONN. 

" I gave a course of ten lectures at South Glaston- 
bury, nine miles south of Hartford, on the east side of 
the Connecticut River, beginning the 18th of Dec, 
and closing on Jan. 1, 1845. On Roaring Brook, which 
empties into the Connecticut River, at this place, 
there are several cotton mills, about a third of a mile 
east of the village. The stream passes down a deep and 
narrow ravine between two rock bluffs. There is a 
fall of eighty feet in twenty rods, and across the stream 
are dams of stone forty feet high, and the gulf or 
chasm can not be more than twenty feet wide at the 
bottom. As this stream is not small, such an abrupt 
fall into the Connecticut Valley gives excellent and 
very available water power." 

In regard to growth of places and increase of busi- 
ness, allowance must be made for the time since tLe 
record was made in my diary. When of late years I 
am called to lecture in some of the old places which I 
visited forty years ago, I mark the improvements and 
marvel at their growth, and most and pleasantest is the 
fact that the clerks and apprentices of 1840 are now 
the leaders and masters in business, the "grave and rev- 
erend seniors " of society. 

PORTLAND AND BROWN STONE. 

" Saturday, Jan. 4, 1845. — I reached Portland, eight 
miles south of Glastonbury, on the east bank of the 



Quarrying Brown Stone. 175 

Connecticut River, and directly opposite the city of 
Middletown, which was the birthplace of my father 
and grandfather. I issued my bills for a course of 
lectures to begin Monday next. 

" This place is distinguished for its quarry of brown 
free-stone, which has been worked for two hundred 
years, and now on a large scale, not less than four hun- 
dred men being employed constantly during the sum- 
mer months, and fifty or sixty in winter, removing 
worthless material and rubbish preparatory to the next 
summer's operations. Two hundred tons of the popular 
brown stone, for fronts of houses, are quarried out 
here daily, and loaded on sloops for market, and allow- 
ing nine months in the year for successful labor, there 
are not less than 45,000 tons of this stone carried to 
market yearly, and the average price of this stone is 
six dollars a ton. And yet the quarry is apparently in- 
exhaustible. 

" Monday, 6th. — I gave my first lecture before the 
Portland Lyceum, in Academy Hall, and made no pub- 
lic examinations, as their constitution and by-laws rec- 
ognize only lectures and debates. 

" The Academy in which my course is given is the 
only hall in the place, but it is too small for my audi- 
ence. In less than five minutes after the door is opened 
the house is crowded. 

" I gave my fourth lecture to as many people as 
could find places to sit or stand in the room. I have 
not for two years seen such a rushing anxiety to attend 
my lectures. The first citizens of the place, such as 
Rev. William Jar vis (father of Colonel Samuel Colt's 
wife), Rev. Mr. Emery, of the Episcopal church, ex- 



176 DrGNTTY AND DEMOCRACY. 

Gov. Peters, of Hebron, Conn., a physician by profes- 
sion, Dr. Fuller, Col. Russell, and members of the Hall 
family, which here is very numerous, and heavy own- 
ers in the quarry. The lectures were appointed at half- 
past six, but finding the house packed as early as six, I 
proposed to commence at six, and now the house is 
packed at half-past five. Rev. Mr. Jarvis and Gov. 
Peters one evening stood in the solid crowd d urine: the 
entire lecture, both declining proffered seats, and the 
tail form of the ex-Gov. and ex-M.C, erect, and digni- 
fied by sixty-five years' standing among quarry workers, 
was a picture calculated at once to make a speaker 
pleased and proud, and at the same time nervous and 
fearful lest the interest of the lecture should not bal- 
ance the cost to the hearer. For several days Mr. Jar- 
vis and Gov. Peters called for me with a sleigh and car- 
ried me to the houses of different citizens where sev- 
eral families, who were intimate, would come together 
for phrenological examinations. They knew each 
other so well that the interest in the descriptions was 
intense. Thus we would work till noon and dine at 
one place, during the afternoon and take tea at another, 
and thus work from breakfast to the lecture hour. 
These people seemed to devote their time to the sub- 
ject, and as in winter the chief business of the place is 
suspended, the wealthy and intelligent managers seem- 
ed to embrace gladly a subject which would give pleas- 
ant activity to their minds. 

" Such attentions by people of wealth, influence, and 
culture were of course pleasant and very exciting. The 
last three days of my stay I examined ninety-six per- 
sons professionally, besides giving a lecture every even- 



Lecture Hall Built by a Joke. 177 

ing under circumstances far from quieting to one's 
brain, and then to be all day under tbe criticism of peo- 
ple who know so thoroughly the persons examined, 
conspired to keep me in a state of severe mental ten- 
sion. Then I must lecture Sunday evening on temper- 
ance to those who were used to hearing strong efforts 
in that direction. 



LECTURE HALL BUILT BY A JOKE AND BROWN STONE. 

" One evening while speaking to the audience, which 
was most uncomfortable from the heat, close packing, 
and standing, the wealthy quarry owners and profes- 
sional men being included, I apologized to the audience 
respecting their discomfort by saying, ' I am very sorry 
that the lecture-room is so small, and that half of you 
are obliged to stand. If you had the wealth to afford it 
and as much, and as good building material at hand as 
they have in a nice town in which I once gave a course 
of lectures, located on the banks of the Connecticut, 
where they had a fine quarry of brown stone, rich and 
inexhaustible, and I think the place was called Port- 
land', if you had such facilities as I refer to, it would 
be easy for you to have a lecture-room, at once spacious, 
a comfort to the people, and an ornament to the town. 
But I suppose it is a virtue in you to be patient under 
your privations ; yet I wish for you all that you desire 
and can afford.' 

" The next day they put their heads together and 
had the necessary funds raised to build a two-story 
structure adapted to a lecture hall and a public library." 

Two years later I was invited to assist in dedicating 
8* 



178 Hard Professional Work. 

the new Lyceum Hall by giving a course of lectures, 
which of course I accepted. It may be proper to re- 
mark that it was built of Portland Brown Stone. 

When I had completed this most laborious course of 
fourteen lectures I was much exhausted, and on this 
state of facts I find this comment in my diary : 

" Sunday, 19th Jan., 1845. — I do not attend church 
to-day, as I am much fatigued by my labor of the past 
week. The body and mind equally require rest, but if we 
were able to exercise temperately and regulate all our 
actions agreeably to the laws of our physical and mental 
nature, we should never be obliged to stop a day to re- 
cruit. But a Phrenologist, while he teaches others the 
proper rules for the exercise of the mind and body, and 
the laws of health, is often obliged to violate the very 
principles which he lays down for others. As some 
places are not pecuniarily remunerative, he must, where 
people are interested and pay well, in some such places 
lecture every evening in crowded and ill - ventilated 
halls, it may be, and fill up all his day time with exam- 
inations and conversation, allowing him little time for 
weeks to take exercise in the open air, or for retirement 
from mental excitement and sleep. And if he obtain 
any of these natural prerogatives they must be out of 
season ; hence they lose their real value. All profes- 
sional men should take time to exercise and rest; but, 
until their efforts are more universally appreciated, and 
they are better paid, the temptation to overdo will ever 
follow them when an opportunity is offered to better 
their condition by extra labor where their instructions 
are in great demand. Almost everything is better paid, 
and more fully appreciated according to its value, than 



Rockville Memorable. 179 

intellectual labor. Genius more frequently struggles 
in poverty and dies in obscurity and want, than that it 
receives during the life of its possessor that consideration 
which it deserves. Milton, the greatest epic poet the 
world ever saw, sold his ' Paradise Lost' to a reluc- 
tant bookseller for the meager pittance of ten pounds 
sterling, and died in obscurity and want. While, on 
the other hand, Fanny Ellsler, the dancer, acquired, in 
two years, in this country, a sum not less than $100,000, 
besides supporting a luxurious and gorgeous style of 
living. This single contrast shows, at a glance, that 
such things as awaken and gratify the passions, are 
sought after and paid for liberally by the mass of man- 
kind, while moral and intellectual ability goes through 
the world begging bread. Some Englishman has perti- 
nently said: 'English people employ themselves in 
erecting monuments to honor the men of genius whom 
their fathers permitted to starve.' " 



CHAPTER XYI. 

ROCKVILLE MEMORABLE. 

" Mr. Bttell, at Enfield,Conn., invited me to meet him 
in Rockville, Tolland County, to join him in a course 
of lectures. He preceded me by a day or two, and 
secured the only lecture-room in the place, which is used 
for public purposes and for religious meetings occasion- 
ally. On the 23d January, 1845, 1 left Hartford in the 
stage for Rockville, in the township of Yernon, distant 



180 How to Obtain Subscribers. 

fourteen miles, and found ray former associate at Mc- 
Kinney's Hotel. 

" This is a new manufacturing place on the Hocka- 
min river ; has a great fall of water and a number of 
woolen mills and other works. The people here are 
young and enterprising, few of them having reached 
the meridian of life, and most of them ranging in age 
from eighteen to thirty years. We are informed that 
there are but six hundred people in this village includ- 
ing infants, yet we had fully one-half the number in 
attendance at our lectures, and during our stay we ex- 
amined, professionally, a hundred and fifty, or one- 
quarter of the entire population. We also sold many 
books, and obtained fifty - two subscribers to the 
Phrenological Journal. The leading physician had 
one day agreed to take the Journal, but I told him I 
would not then take his name or his money.; that I in- 
tended that evening to present the subject to the au- 
dience, and then ask for ten names for a club, and I 
wished him to offer his name when the call should be 
made. I described and showed the Journal, and said 
I must have a club of ten in as many minutes. ' Who 
will be the first of ten { ' The doctor gave his name. 
I repeated it and thanked him. Having paper ready, 
I invited the doctor to come to the desk and take the 
names, and then I called and the names were an- 
nounced faster than the doctor could record them. 
When we had got ten, I called for five more, then for 
ten more, and we got fifty-two subscribers in half an 
hour. Then, I think judiciously, I said : " Please hand 
your money to your neighbor, the Doctor, and he will 
forward it to the publishers and I will have no further 



Some History of the Phreno. Journal. 181 

care about it.' The money was all handed in on the 
spot, and the Doctor was fairly the agent, with all the 
honor and responsibility." The people got their Jour- 
nals, the publishers obtained the money, and I yet, 
1882, have a list of the names taken then and there. . 

In 1839 I visited the Journal office in Philadelphia, 
and made the acquaintance of its first editor, Dr. Na- 
than Allen, now, 1882, a resident of Lowell, Mass., 
bearing the letters, LL.D., indicating, certainly in his 
case, eminent attainment in knowledge ; and then and 
there first met the Fowlers and their sister Charlotte, 
since Mrs. Wells. I felt that the American Phreno- 
logical Journal was the organ of a great cause, and the 
office and cabinet of its publishers, the Fowlers, must 
be regarded as the headquarters of Phrenology in 
America, and that, whatever I could do to aid and 
strengthen headquarters, would be in the right direc- 
tion for promoting the cause, and, of course, indirectly 
advancing my own interest. After I joined Mr. Buell 
in 1841, we received a letter from Dr. Allen, the editor, 
suggesting that we had better not send in any more sub- 
scribers, as it was a matter of doubt if the Journal could 
survive beyond that year. We instantly wrote back : 
" The Journal must not stop. We will be responsible 
for one hundred subscribers for next year." I have his 
reply, saying : " Your encouraging letter has decided 
the fate of the Journal for another year." 

It will therefore be understood how deep an interest 
we took, not only that year to send three hundred 
subscribers instead of one hundred, nor did the writer 
then imagine that in less than eight years his future 
life and labor would be in the central office as exam- 



182 Incidents Worth Recording. 

iner, and for four years during the absence in the 
domestic and foreign field of both Fowler and Wells, 
the sole editor of the Journal, and before and after, the 
associate. As a token of how our hearty labor on be- 
half of the Journal was regarded by the Fowlers in 
1842, who had become its editors as well as publishers, 
we quote from the October Number of the Journal, 
page 318, as follows : 

" But Messrs. Buell and Sizer, Phrenologists, are our 
most efficient agents. Every few days they send us a 
long list of subscribers, always accompanied with the 
needful, and what is more, they seem to enter, heart 
and soul, into the reforming spirit of Phrenology, and 
into the views of the Journal. Gentlemen, we thank 
you ; Phrenologists should thank you, and those who, 
in after years, may read the Journal with pleasure and 
profit, should thank you *for that efficient support, 
which, at this crisis in its affairs, you have rendered, 
and for your powerful aid in putting it on a firm basis, 
and sending a monthly Phrenological Journal down 
the stream of time to convert thousands to Phrenology, 
and sow the seeds of its principles which shall spring up 
and bear fruit, and bring forth an hundred-fold, both 
to the reforming of man and the glory of God. Go on, 
brethren. Your reward is the very doing of this 
benevolent act." 

INCTDENTS WORTH RECORDING. 

During our course of thirteen lectures at Rockville, 
many interesting incidents occurred, which were re- 
corded in my diary, some of which might not be 
valued by others. A few, however, I venture to give. 



"A Multitude of Counsellors." 183 

U A gentleman from Tolland, four miles distant, 
engaged in the bank, called on us for an examination, 
which Mr. Buell made in my absence, and gave him 
small Continuity. The man criticised this point 
warmly. I entered the room about this time, and was 
requested to say how large that organ should be 
marked. I instantly gave it as moderate or small. 
Before the man left, fui. H. Gibbs, our first associate, 
arrived in the stage from a neighboring town, where he 
had been lecturing, and as he entered our room unex- 
pectedly, we quietly asked him to give us the size of 
three organs, including Continuity, and he at once said 
small, or from moderate to small. The gentleman said, 
1 You evidently have a rule of action, a system for the 
formation of your opinions, but while you agree, you 
are all wrong.' 

" He went away with a red face and a worried air. 
The second day after, he came in from Tolland, walk- 
ing four miles each way, just to tell us that he had sub- 
mitted the matter to ten of his acquaintances, and every 
one of them promptly agreed with us on that point, 
and having studied the nature of the faculty; and, with 
such testimony added, he had concluded we were right, 
and he could not rest until he had come, personally, to 
tell us. We told him that his whole conduct in the 
matter was an excellent confirmation of his character, 
phrenologically ; for we had marked his firmness and 
conscientiousness 7, or at the top of thje scale. It was 
these two organs that made him contend for that 
which seemed true, and when he was convinced of drror, 
it was these two faculties which sent him all the way 
back to make it, and himself, straight with us." 



184 A Young Girl's Narrow Escape. • 

I may here mention an examination made at this 
place, which, considering that no names are used, and 
the length of time which has elapsed has been no less 
than thirty-seven years, its statement will do no harm. 



" In the year 1845 I made an examination for a young 
man at Rockville. The next day a young lady, having 
heard of the fact, came in and eagerly asked what kind 
of man he was. I asked : ' Are you personally inter- 
ested to know ? ' ' Yes, sir.' ' Has he offered you 
marriage? ' ' Yes.' ' And have you engaged yourself 
to him? 1 'No, sir; I am to give an answer next 
Sunday night.' ' Very well. Never marry him unless 
you want to have your head broken, for be is likely to 
drink to excess, and he has a dreadful temper, and if in- 
toxicated and angry, he would do any person serious 
bodily harm, if be did not commit murder.' 

" Sequel. The Saturday night before he was to re- 
ceive his answer from the lady, he went to the next 
town, Ellington, with several rough fellows, got excited 
by liquor, and angry because he could get no more, and 
he smashed several mahogany chairs over a stove, 
breaking it, and scattering fire through the room He 
spent the hopeful Sunday night in the look-up, and the 
girl had a valid excuse for declining the suit. 

" If she had not received warning, and he had failed 
to go out that Saturday night, she probably would 
have had a life of misery, and perhaps a violent death. 
At all events, she came in on Monday, and, with smil- 
ing, yet tearful face, expressed, as well as she could, 
her deepest gratitude." 



Romantic Conjugality of a Wife. 185 

The two facts now to be related did not occur at this 
place, and for obvious reasons we do not wish the local- 
ity to be known. They may be of interest to many. 

A SECRET IN DANGER. 

Mr. Buell was called to the office of a physician to 
see several skulls, in the presence of a dozen of the 
doctor's friends, who had been invited to hear what 
the phrenologist would say. One was the skull of a 
man with large perceptive organs, and especially large 
Calculation and good mathematical and engineering 
talent. Of this skull Mr. Buell said, " This belonged to 
a man of decided intellectual force, and especially in 
natural science, and he would have been a first-rate 
surveyor." The doctor stepped quietly up, and touch- 
ing Mr. Buell on the shoulder, said, " Stop on that 
point, please; refer to something else." The fact 
afterward appeared that the original of the skull was 
once a neighbor of all present, and had been distin- 
guished as a surveyor of the county, and the doctor 
feared that his friends then present would get an inkling 
who the owner of the skull might be. 

ROMANTIC CONJUGALITY OF A WIFE. 

The other fact regarding 1 a skull is this. A doctor 
invited me to his office and presented several skulls, 
with the history of which the doctor said he was 
familiar. One of them was described by me as being 
the skull of a woman, remarkable for the strength and 
tenderness of her love for her husband, and I pointed 
out a place on the skull, not then mapped on the charts 



186 Peculiar Loye for Husband. 

as the location of a special organ, as being decidedly 
prominent. The place is now regarded as the location 
of Conjugality, or the special love of one. The doctor 
then stated that "the woman was known in the neigh- 
borhood as being most fanatically devoted to her hus- 
band, and could hardly abide his being out of her 
sight. He was a farmer, and she having no children, 
was not confined to her house after her general work 
was done, which she would hurry to finish, when she 
would take her sewing and go to a seat in the field 
where she could see him at his work. In every lot 
she had a seat under a shady tree, and there was a path 
w r ell worn between it and the house. When it was 
necessary for her to go in to prepare the dinner, she 
would wait as long as she could, then take a good look 
at him and scud home, keeping watch for his coining 
every time she passed the window, until he came in 
sight. After the meal, she would hastily do up the 
housework, and then, with her sewing, go back to the 
field. And thus she manifested this strong and tender 
fondness for him till the close of life." 

The doctor, of course, had a desire to know what 
sort of brain such a character would have, and, of course, 
what a phrenologist would say of her skull. He died 
nearly twenty years ago, and few people, probably, 
are now living who know of the peculiarity of this 
loving woman, whose skull thus revealed her character. 
After the doctor's death, I wrote to his heirs for, and 
purchased, the skull. 

In April, 1845, 1 received and accepted an invitation 
to deliver a course of twelve lectures in the north, or 
shipbuilding part of Portland, two and a half miles 



North Portland, Conn. 187 



north of the Quarry part of the town, where I lectured 
in the beginning of the year. The lectures were held 
in the old Congregational church, and more than four 
hundred people were in attendance, and so much interest 
was awakened, that I was kept busy answering calls for 
the examination of parties of friends among the most 
influential families, and some days I made more than 
thirty examinations, and in this place I obtained thirty- 
six subscribers to the Phrenological Journal. The 
knowledge of my last winter's course in the lower vil- 
lage, made success abundant and easy in this part of the 
town, and I noticed not a few of my former auditors 
at my lectures here. 



CHAPTEK XYII. 

WESTFIELD, MASS. MY MECCA. 

June 12th I went to Westfield, Mass., to deliver 
a course of lectures in conjunction with Mr. Buell, and 
Mr. H. B. Gibbons, a former pupil of mine. In the 
delivery of the lectures we alternated. As this town was 
the birth-place of my mother, its name was the Mecca 
of my childhood, and the blessed names of " Westfield " 
and " grandmother," had quickened my pulse with joy 
ever since I could remember, and when my friend Mr. 
Buell proposed this union of effort in a place so full 
of sacred memories, 1 accepted it with double pleasure. 

Here I met numerous relatives and friends who 
never had heard me lecture, and I had many motives to 
do my best. They expressed themselves satisfied, and 
I was content. 



188 Insanity Cured by Phrenology. 

insanity cured by phrenology. 

While here, T received a call from a friend residing 
twelve miles distant, at Suffield, Coon., where I married 
my wife and resided during 1 843. He informed me 
that Henry Bissell, of Suffield, had recently received a 
blow upon the head in the region of the temple, and 
had become insane in consequence. He appeared 
somewhat strangely for a day or two, and then took the 
train for New York, and before arriving there, attracted 
attention by immoderate laughter at everybody and 
everything in the car. A gentleman who knew him 
happened to be on the train, and took him back to 
Hartford, left him in the asylum, and sent for his 
father. Here he had been for several weeks under treat- 
ment without any apparent benefit. On hearing these 
facts I wrote at once to the father, and sent it by my in- 
formant, stating my impression that the injury was upon 
the seat of Mirthf ulness, hence his tendency to laugh and 
see absurdity in everything, and suggested that if the 
physician would apply leeches and ice to that part of 
the head which was injured, the symptoms of insanity 
would cease. The aged father, who was interested in 
our lectures on Phrenology at Suffield in 1841, recogniz- 
ing the reasonableness of the views I had taken of the 
cause and proper treatment of the case, on receiving 
my letter at eight o'clock that night he instantly 
harnessed his team for a dreary drive of seventeen 
miles to Hartford, and, reaching the asylum at eleven 
o'clock, after Dr. Butler had retired, he insisted on 
seeing him at once. With my letter open in his hand, 
the anxious father met the doctor, who read it deliber- 
ately and said : 



Singular Case of Insanity. 189 

" It looks reasonable, and we will try the treatment 
in the morning." 

" No, doctor ; we will try it to-night, if you please. 
I can not wait till morning." 

" All right," said the doctor, " to-night, if you 
say so." 

In half an hour the patient was under the treatment 
of leeches, in another half hour the injured part was 
under the influence of pounded ice, and he was fast 
asleep. The next morning he and his father took 
breakfast with the doctor ; " he was clothed and in his 
right mind," and in a short time went home with his 
father, apparently cured. 

The injury was directly over the organ of Mi rthf ill- 
ness, and the inflammation caused by the blow, produced 
the deranged action of that faculty. Thirty-seven years 
have now elapsed since this injury was received and 
cured, and there has been no return of the symptoms 
of insanity. Had the inflammation been allowed to 
proceed, death, or mental derangement for life, might 
have been the consequence. The young man being my 
friend, I felt peculiar interest in the case. 

Thus Phrenology throws a flood of light on the sub- 
ject of insanity for those who wish to learn. 



WOLCOTTVILLE, CONN. 

" Diary. Thursday, Sept. U, 18±5,-At Wolcottville, 
Conn., I commenced a course of ten lectures in the 
Congregational church lecture-room. I had a call from 
a Mrs. Jones, a young woman of considerable talent as 
a scholar and poet. She is the daughter of James 



190 WOLCOTTVLLLE, CoNN. 

Pembleton, of Southington, Conn., an Indian, who 
married a white woman. A girl, the fruit of that 
union, married Mr. Jones, a young and talented English- 
man. He, no doubt, had heard of Pocahontas, in his 
native land, and felt a spirit of romantic imitation of 
his countryman Rolfe, who made Pocahontas his 
wife, and bore her proudly on his arm in the circles of 
London society. Mrs. Jones had an examination of her 
head, which shows the most striking marks of her 
aboriginal blood, of which, by the way, she appears to 
be as proud as did the notable and eccentric ' John 
Randolph of Poanoke,' who often boasted of his 
Indian extraction, on the floor of Congress. 

" Aug. 26. — I am crowded with prof essional work, 
and the people are much interested in my lectures. 
All the leading men and their wives were present, the 
audience having steadily increased until everything 
seems tending in one direction." 



WINSTEJD, CONNECTICUT. 

"Monday, September 1st. — Yesterday I came to 
Winsted and engaged the basement of the Methodist 
church, and this evening gave the first of a course of 
twelve lectures. 

" Wednesday, 3d. — Last evening gave my second lect- 
ure to a crowded house. Business comes in upon me 
rapidly, and promises a pleasant and profitable sojourn 
in this thriving village. I gave my third lecture to a 
large and attentive audience. 

" Friday, Sept. 19th. — I closed my course of lectures, 
and have had crowded houses throughout. I was pub- 



A Model Honest Man. 191 

licly invited to return to Winsted at no distant day, 
and give a second course. 1 have examined profes- 
sionally 150 heads, and sold many books." 

" This is one of the most enterprising towns in the 
State, and the people are intelligent, industrious, and 
prosperous." 

A MODEL HONEST MAN. 

In 1869 I revisited this town, and gave a course of 
lectures. Among those examined in public was a man 
of whom I said : 

" This man is clear-headed, intelligent, energetic, a 
great worker in anything he undertakes, and he will 
win success if faithfulness, integrity, and self-denial will 
give it ; and if hard times were to trip him in his affairs 
or the failure of others were to strip him, he would be 
permitted to go on, giving his bare notes for his in- 
debtedness, and if he ever could pay dollar for dollar 
he would call his creditors together and liquidate the 
claims against him, though outlawed by time, as a very 
few others have done." 

The house was too still for comfort, when a gentle- 
man rose in the audience and said : " The man you 
have just examined was obliged before the war by the 
stringency of the times and the failure of others, to sus- 
pend ; but all his creditors accepted fifty cents on the 
dollar, freely discharging him, and bade him go on. A 
few years ago, having by good management become 
able, he called his creditors together and paid off all 
their claims, and did exactly what everybody expected 
he would do so soon as he could, though he had been 
discharged legally for several years. His name is 



192 Visit to Conn. State Prison. 

Timothy Hulbert, and Winsted believes in him thor- 
oughly, though no more to-day than in the darkest hour 
of his life." 

In April, 1879, I was a second time invited from 
New York to give a course of lectures in Winsted, and 
thus, for more than a third of a century, I have felt a 
brotherly sympathy with the place, its prosperity and 
honor, and the leading names connected with its enter- 
prise and* its moral force have become lovingly crys- 
tallized in my memory forever. 

VISIT TO CONNECTICUT STATE PRISON. 

u Sept. 22, 1845. — In passing through Weathersfield, 
Conn., I visited the State prison in every department. 
The convicts are employed on cutlery, chairs, and shoes. 
This prison is as clean as a parlor, and every operation 
moves with the precision of clock-work. 

" The phrenological development of the prisoners is 
inferior to that of the average of persons in common 
society, more especially in the moral and intellectual 
faculties. I pointed out to the conductor at a glance 
several persons, and stated to him the crime which 
they severally would be most likely to commit, and in 
every instance my opinion coincided with the crime for 
which they are now suffering. 

" In the cutlery shop I was asked what crime I 
thought such a man had committed ? 

" The man had a fine intellect and uncommon me- 
chanical and artistic talent, and I said if he is a convict 
he is here for no low or rough crime, but for something 
which requires skill, and more than common talent. 
He has ability enough to earn an honest living. 



The Celebrated "Crowbar Case." 193 

" The officer remarked, ' He is E , the celebrated 

bank-note engraver, who accepted quadruple pay to en- 
grave work put into his bands by those wbo wished to 
counterfeit on the banks. He forged no writing, he 
issued no bills, but he did the engraving for those who 
wished it for that purpose, and with bis great talent he 
did the work so well as to " deceive the very elect." 
He is learning what some men already know, and that 
which some never iind out, viz.: that ' honesty is the 
best policy. 5 " 

THE CELEBRATED " CROWBAR CASE." 

Near the end of October, and continuing up to the 
20th of Nov., 1845, Mr. Buell joined me in a trip to 
Yermont, during which, at Springfield, Perkinsville, 
and other places we gave several courses of lectures, 
closed our business with our publishers at Woodstock, 
and this concluded our work together in the lecture 
fieLd. 

We met our excellent friend Dr. Harlow, of Caven- 
dish, who, three years later, treated the world-renowned 
u Crowbar Case," Phmeas P. Gage, who was injured 
while working in the construction of the railroad at 
Duttonsville, Sept. 13, 1848. 

The facts are these : The man was tamping a charge 
for blasting, with an iron bar, round in form, and ta- 
pering to a point at the upper end, the lower end being 
about one and a quarter inches in diameter. The blast 
exploded and drove the tamping iron, or ''' crowbar," 
as it has been erroneously called, upward and through 
the face and head. It went in under the cheek-bone, 
nearer to the nose than to the ear, passing behind the 
9 



194 The " Crowbar Case " Explained. 

eye, cutting off the optic nerve, and passing out at the 
top of the head, about two inches back from where the 
hair commences to grow, in the neighborhood of Be- 
nevolence and the front part of Veneration. As the iron 
was tapering, it separated the matter of the brain and 
also the matter of the cheek and bones, somewhat as a 
bodkin or skewer would separate the libers of meat, 
dividing the fibers without seriously lacerating the 
parts. If a bodkin be pushed through a roll of cloth 
it will make a hole by merely pressing apart the fibers. 
The same would be true with a bayonet thrust into 
the thick part of the leg. 

Of course there was a terrible shock to the head and 
brain, but he shortly was able, with little help, to walk 
to a cart and ride three-quarters of a mile, and with help 
to walk up-stairs. The bar was three feet seven inches 
long and weighed 13^ pounds ; and after passing 
through the head it went high in air and fell to the 
ground, perhaps one hundred and fifty feet from the in- 
jured man. There were inflammation and ultimate 
sloughing, with copious discharge* through the cheek, 
and as there was a hole from the bottom upward, what- 
ever sloughing or discharge the brain might make was 
through the lower opening. The man had a good con- 
stitution, and recovered ; but during the course of his 
illness he was profane, irreverent, disrespectful, ex- 
tremely coarse and vulgar in his remarks, so much so, 
that persons of delicacy, especially women, found it im- 
possible to endure his presence. These traits had not 
been manifested by him previously. His organ of 
Veneration seemed to have been injured, and the pro- 
fanity was the probable result. 



''The Crowbar Case." 195 

This case must be regarded as one of the wonders of 
injury and of surgical skill. Some men have had bul- 
lets shot through the lungs, and others have received 
sabre wounds that went entirely through the body, and 
they have recovered ; while others, receiving a sliver 
under the nail, have been thrown into lockjaw, and 
died. Sometimes one receives a blow on the head from 
the flat of a man's hand, and the concussion produces 
death. Yet none of these classes of injury, the very 
severe or the very slight, constitute the rule. The 
great general public error, however, in reference 
to the crowbar case, arises from the fact that most peo- 
ple suppose it was an instrument with a blunt end, one 
and a quarter inches in diameter, and that it went ca- 
reering and tearing its way through the brain, yet the 
man got well. When the bodkin form of the bar is consid- 
ered, and when it is remembered that nearly the whole 
length of that bar was worn smooth by being much 
handled and lubricated by passing through the cheek, 
the case will seem less mysterious. We may add that 
the point was not sharp ; it was perhaps as large as a 
common lead-pencil at the small end, but small enough 
and sharp enough to divide the matter through which it 
was driven. In one month he was out. 

An account of the affair was published in the Boston 
Medical and Surgical Journal by Dr. Harlow, the 
physician who attended him, with whom we have con- 
versed on the subject. After the death of the patient, 
perhaps fifteen years later, the skull was procured by 
Dr. Harlow, and is now in the Boston Medical Muse- 
um. Engravings illustrating the skull and the iron bar 
which was driven through it, have also been published. 



196 Closing of " Buell and Sizer." 

As Dr. Harlow was then a young physician and 
assisted as a member of the committee at our lectures 
on Phrenology in 1842, we perused his history of the 
case in 1848 with intense and affectionate interest, and 
also do not forget that the poor patient was quartered 
at the same hotel and in the same room that Mr. Buell 
and I occupied while giving our course at Duttonsville, 
and while there we often admired the ledge of stratified 
rock on each side of the Black river, evidently worn 
apart by the action of the water, and it was this ledge 
which was being blasted when the most notable explo- 
sion in human history occurred. Our friend, Dr. Har- 
low, by his skill and wonderful success in the treatment 
of the miscalled " crowbar case," became at once a man 
of enviable reputation and high mark, as far as a knowl- 
edge of the science of surgery has gone. 

On reaching home from Vermont on the 22d Nov., 
1845, Mr. Buell and I closed our partnership in books 
and the lecturing business, and he returned to his home 
in Massachusetts, but our relations have remained 
fresh and friendly from that day to this, in such a de- 
gree that no fact of joy or sorrow, of success or failure 
could possibly aifect either, without awakening a chord 
in the other, at once responsive and tender. 



CHAPTEK XVIII. 

I can conceive of no place more appropriate than 
this to insert the portrait of my long-time friend, made 
from a photograph taken after he had turned his sev- 



Biography of P. L. Buell. 197 

enty-third year, and a sketch prepared for and published 
in the Phrenological Journal for July, 1882. 



BIOGRAPHY OF PHINEAS LYMAN BUELL. 

For more than forty years the author has been the 
intimate friend of P. L. Buell. In that time he has 
traveled the lecture field with him, rambled mountains, 
shared the same purse, the same room, and often the 
same bed ; has been with him in nearly every phase of 
life which reveals character and tests integrity, and dur- 
ing these years of prof essionai, social, and pecuniary inti- 
macy there has never been an estrangement or a jar. 
Moreover, I have never heard him make a proposition, 
or employ a word, or do an act inconsistent with honor, 
decency, and integrity. 

He is delicately organized ; not very strong physical- 
ly, and with a head always too large for his body, he 
has been obliged to work guardedly and husband his 
vital resources. 

His moral development gives him not only a severe 
and exact sense of duty and personal obligation, but 
his sympathy leads him to " devise liberal things," and 
to take the cause of the poor, the ignorant, and the 
afflicted. 

The drift of his intellect is toward the philosophical, 
rather than the practical, the forehead being high and 
square. While many objects in the realm of detail 
may escape the notice of his perceptive faculties, or be 
slow in making their impression, he yet has a good 
memory of ideas, and is full of quotations which are 
rich in force and appositeness. 



198 P. L. Buell. 

His Mirthfulness being large, he quickly recognizes 
the absurd and ridiculous, and delights in storing up 
quaint and curious facts for reference, "to point a 
mora! or adorn a tale," as an entomologist impales 
butterflies and other specimens for preservation and ex- 
hibition. We never knew a man who would get so 
much good-natured fun out of some droll, careless, or 
awkward action or remark of strangers and others, and 
if the saying was a cut at his own cost, it made no 
difference. 

He is not wanting in self-respect and dignity, is 
sensitive to the good or ill opinion of the world, but 
has the courage to push reformatory ideas and prin- 
ciples, though the majority may, through prejudice, 
interest, or ignorance, oppose them. 

His character is not tame and inefficient ; he shows 
force not by a noisy, barking Combativeness, but by 
the thoroughness and severity originating in Destruc- 
tiveness which makes temper hot and severe when pro- 
voked, more especially when his Conscientiousness and 
Firmness act with it ; then he feels bound to see the 
legitimate end of matters, though it may cost him time, 
effort, and cash. 

He is domestic and affectionate in his spirit, and 
while his large Cautiousness, which occasionally gives 
him a touch of melancholy, may sometimes hold him 
back from making acquaintance with strangers, his 
friendships, when formed, are as constant and as cor- 
dial as the sun. 

Mr. Buell was born in Granville, Hampden county, 
Mass., February 20, 1809 ; working on the farm sum- 
mers and attending school winters, until he was twenty- 



Forty Years in Phrenology. 199 




PORTRAIT 



OF P. L. BTJELL AT THE AGE OF 73, 



200 P. L. Buell. 

one years old. At the age of seventeen he resolved to 
become a teacher, and by untiring perseverance at the 
common school and one term at the classical school of 
Rev. Dr. Cooley, of Granville, he entered upon his 
chosen work as teacher in his native district in the 
winter of 1831-2. He taught the next winter in 
another district of his native town, and the next sum- 
mer engaged in the wholesale hardware store of Lewis 
Root, at Troy, N. Y. He soon found that mercantile 
life was not suited to him, and he attended, in the fall 
of 1832, the Westfield (Mass.) Academy. In that win- 
ter Mr. Buell resumed teaching, and followed it con- 
tinuously till the autumn of 1838, a part of the time 
giving particular attention to penmanship. 

In 1837, while teaching in Cabotville, now Chickopee, 
Mass., Samuel Kirkham was giving a course of lectures 
on Phrenology, accompanied by examination of heads. 
Mr. Buell went to his rooms and had a private exami- 
nation, and Mr. Kirkham described his personal idiosyn- 
crasies so accurately, especially his predisposition to 
melancholy, which had ever been the bane of his being, 
that he concluded to jnake Phrenology the study of his 
life. He purchased Spurzheim's works, and soon found 
that the practical application of the science in the ex- 
amination of heads was of great service to him in teach- 
ing and governing his pupils. 

About eight months after hearing Mr. Kirkham 
lecture, while teaching writing in Blandford, Mass., he 
formed an acquaintance with "Wm. H. Gibbs, and with 
him made an arrangement to commence giving public 
lectures on Phrenology in the autumn of 1838. This 
partnership continued but a few weeks, after which each 
pursued his work separately. 



P. L. Buell. 201 

His first trip lasted eighteen months, having in that 
time lectured in Pennsylvania, Delaware, Virginia, 
Maryland, Ohio, New York, Connecticut, and Massa- 
chusetts, and it was a complete success in all respects, 
as he set out with the firm determination to place 
Phrenology on a moral, intellectual, and truthful basis. 

In the month of February, 1841, he met Mr. Nelson 
Sizer, Phrenologist, in the city of Washington, D. C, 
and formed a copartnership with him which lasted two 
years, and was afterward frequently renewed for a few 
courses of lectures at a time. After giving long 
courses of lectures in Washington, Georgetown, and 
Alexandria, they traveled and gave lectures in 
Virginia, Maryland, New York, Massachusetts, Con- 
necticut, Vermont, and New Hampshire, meeting with 
success. He closed his partnership with Mr. Sizer in 
the spring of 1843, after publishing a joint work en- 
titled " A Guide to Phrenology," by Buell & Sizer. 

In August, 1851, he purchased of Elijah Porter a 
one-half interest in the Westtield (Mass.) News Letter^ 
and continued working on the paper with Mr. Porter 
and H. N. Carter ten years, and was sole editor and 
proprietor of the paper for ten years more, making 
twenty years of editorial life. The motto of the paper 
was, " Independent in all things, neutral in nothing," 
and he tried fearlessly to advocate the truth regardless 
of consequences. 

In 1871, Mr. Bu ell's health became so much impaired 
that he sought rest by selling the News Letter to Mr. 
Sherman Adams, who at the end of two years consoli- 
dated it with the Times ^ which has since borne the 
name of the Times and News Letter. With the con- 
9* 



202 Jostah M. Grates. 

solidation Mr. Buell became agricultural editor, which 
position he now holds; and in May, 1874, he was ap- 
pointed Librarian of the Westfield Athenaeum. 

Always the friend of public education, he has been 
an active member of the School Board in Granville and 
in Westfield, rendering efficient service up to the age 
of seventy-three. Mr. Buell has made Phrenology the 
study of his life, and confesses that he is indebted to it 
for his success and happiness, and teaches its doctrines 
by public lectures and in private circles. 

As a lecturer he is sound, calm, and deliberate, and 
always commands the attention and respect of his 
hearers ; as an examiner he is careful, conscientious, and 
critical, and never forgets that he has an opportunity 
to give sound moral, and secular advice to his subjects. 
In him and his public work there is no false pretense, 
no quackery, no froth, and he never fails to leave a 
good impression of himself and of the science he 
promulgates. Not a few will date their adoption of an 
honorable and successful course of life from their meet- 
ing with P. L. Buell. 

JOSIAH M. GRAVES. — SOME FCKNT FACTS. 

While making the last trip in Vermont, I received a 
letter from Josiah M. Graves, from whom in 1838 I 
heard the first lecture on Phrenology, writing me to 
join him at his home in Middletown, Conn., and make 
a lecturing trip with him. He had been a Baptist 
minister for several years, and was a good speaker and 
an able advocate of the science. We visited and lect- 
ured together in Millbury and East Douglass, in 



Uncle and Nephew at Bat. 203 

Worcester Co., Mass., Woonsocket, R. I., and other 
places. Mr. Graves had a child-like and unsuspicious 
faith in his Phrenological judgments, and sometimes 
made most audacious statements, and when they were 
well based, the hits were very palpable. I recall two 
occasions of this sort. 

A young man was brought forward for public ex- 
amination, and he was of low temperament and quality, 
and there was too little of him mentally or tempera- 
mentally to enable him to earn and take a good place in 
society. Mr. Graves said many things of him by way 
of analysis, and finally summed up by saying, "This 
man has no disposition to wrong anybody to any great 
extent, but would not be very particular about small 
matters. He would not steal anything very large, 
nothing which he could not carry away — nothing larger, 
for instance, than a sheep." 

The audience screamed, and stamped, and could not 
keep still. Graves let the young man go and hide 
himself in the audience. The facts of the case were, 
the fellow had been home from State's Prison but a 
week, from serving a two years' term for stealing a 
sheep. Of course it made a town talk, and served to 
pack the house a.t the next lecture. 



UNCLE AND NEPHEW AT BAY 



Another instance was unparalleled for its grotesque 
progress and ending. He had an uncle residing in a 
place which we visited. The uncle was a deacon in the 
Congregational church where the lectures were being 
delivered, and he was a prominent temperance man, 



204 Double-Shotted Fun. 

and probably had not taken a glass of liquor as a bever- 
age for twenty- five years. In fact, the deacon was re- 
garded as a model in most things by every person in all 
that region. 

Graves had a way of detecting in people the habit of 
using liquor, by rubbing the organ of Alimentiveness, 
and thereby creating an odor from the effete matter, 
which he claimed rendered that part of the head 
malodorous. He told me once, " I can't tell you how 
it smells, but you try it once on a man who drinks 
heavily, and the odor thus once obtained, you never 
will forget." 

It was desired to have the deacon, his uncle, examined 
by Graves, and in order to attain this, they requested 
him to be blindfolded. This being done, they brought 
his uncle forward, and Graves, wishing to ascertain if 
his subject was a devotee of Bacchus, began to rub the 
organ of Alimentiveness on the deacon's head, and smell 
of his fingers. Of course the audience laughed, for the 
people had seen him do it on topers, and that led the 
examiner to renew and repeat the cause of the mirth. 
When he felt sure he was on the right track, he said, 
" This man drinks ! " Shouts of laughter. " He drinks 
rum, brandy, something hot and alcoholic ! " 

This was too good a joke, but the audience thought 
they were selling Graves, not the deacon. Finally the 
old gentleman was too much mortified to endure being 
the occasion of so much worldly fun, and he rose up from 
the chair and said, " Josiah ! Josiah ! how can you say 
such things of your uncle % " 

Graves pulled off the bandage, took in the situation, 
and feeling called upon to vindicate himself, said : 



Colic and Conscience. 2^5 

"Now, uncle, I smell the odor of dead liquor when 
I rub your organ of Alimentiveness, and I believe you 
have taken liquor within forty-eight hours. On your 
honor, now, in the presence of this painfully silent 
audience, tell me, have you not taken liquor within 
forty-eight hours ? " 

A moment of silence ensued which would have 
weighed twenty pounds to the square inch, and the 
deacon spoke, " Yes. I had a bad turn of colic night 
before last, and I got up at 12 o'clock and took some 
brandy and cayenne pepper to relieve it." 

" There, uncle ! I knew I must be right. 1 knew I 
could tell, and this proves it." 

Perhaps no shout of merriment was ever more hearty. 
The "baser sort" rejoiced that they had caught a good, 
temperance deacon taking even one drink of brandy 
for medicine, and the better and graver sort could not 
help laughing that the nephew should show up the 
uncle so innocently, yet so absurdly, and the lovers of 
mere fun, without regard to persons or merits of the 
case, were delighted. 'No single thing ever excited so 
much laughter from so many, and so different motives, 
and, perhaps, the drollest phase of it all was to see the 
uncle and nephew, with red faces, look at each other 
w T ith feelings of mingled anger, regret, and shame on 
one part, on the other with triumph and affectionate 
mortification. The nephew did not fulfill the engage- 
ment to take tea there (at the uncle's) next evening, and 
the uncle attended no more phrenological lectures dur- 
ing that course ; and probably he never afterward spoke 
to the people of the parish on the subject of temperance 
without a vivid memory of his turn of colic and the 
singular frolic of which it was the innocent occasion. 



206 A Good Bargain. 



A GOOD BARGAIN BOTH WATS. 

When the time came for us to separate — for we could 
not afford to run a double team, since each was able to 
do all the professional work that could be obtained to 
do — I bought of Mr. Graves one hundred and twenty- 
five oil paintings, which constituted the chief part of his 
outfit. As he was an artist, he said he could paint 
more and have newer characters. He traveled and 
lectured very little after we parted, and it took me at 
least a year to reach the conclusion that one reason 
why he proposed the combination was the possibility 
that he might sell to me his outfit, so that, if an invita- 
tion from New York to preach on trial for a settlement 
should culminate favorably, he could leave the field of 
Phrenology empty-handed of apparatus ; but since his 
large collection greatly aided me in my , subsequent 
work, I only regretted that he had not sold out to me 
three years before. I am certain my income was in- 
creased in three months enough to pay for the 
" gallery," as he called it. I have thought that it was 
a smart thing in Graves to sell out his collection to me, 
and if he were living I would write him my cordial 
thanks for inducing me to make the most profitable, 
small bargain of my life. 



CHAPTER XIX. 

A NEW TEAR. 



To me it is a pleasure to turn over the pages of my 
diary and read my opinions on events, times, seasons, 



A New Year. 207 

and people. In all the pages of the many volumes 
thus written, there are not a few severe criticisms, but 
nowhere do I find one despondent thought, one evi- 
dence of a lack of faith in God, in the economy of 
nature, or in the human race. In the worst of men, if 
we look for it, we will find some good ; in the best, 
without hunting long, we find something which needs 
amendment. 

In the perusal of my journal I am led to ask, Would 
the perusal of this page do any of God's children good ? 
"Would it soften any sorrow, brighten any hope, or give 
strength, in some moment of weakness, to any whose 
moral nature is not always master ? Will the reader 
accept this excuse for the insertion of a page from the 
diary % 

"Woonsocket Falls, E. I., Jan. 1, 1846.— The year 
1845 turned the cold shoulder upon his young succes- 
sor, as, with frowning brow, he wheeled into the rear 
rank of time and gave an expiring breath of a temper- 
ture at seven degrees below zero. This, truly, was a 
coolness between rivals. However, the young year, 
without hesitation, stepped upon the frosty pathway 
prepared by his white-headed predecessor, with as 
much alacrity as the ardent youth enters upon the pat- 
rimony of his father, with the confident expectation of 
a bright and happy career. And now, let me say, a 
happy new-year to all mankind. May the rich be 
blessed with a clear conscience, and a benevolence that 
radiates its blessing upon the frigid regions of suffering 
and want ; may the poor have the antidote " con- 
tentment " to smooth their rugged pathway ; may the 
slave lose his shackles ; the intemperate be reclaimed ; 



208 Plain Talk. 

and may the nations be prospered in a consolidated 
peace and learn war no more." 

" I think I shall go back to Connecticut next week 
and seek a place to lecture where I shall not be obliged 
to depend on cotton-mill people for patronage. One 
woolen mill or iron mill containing fifty workmen is as 
good for my business as six times as many persons en- 
gaged in the cotton interest, perhaps because children 
and many pepole who are kept very poor can do parts 
of the work in the cotton mill, that would find no em- 
ployment in the manufacture of wool or iron. 



PLAIN TALK. 

" I spent the evening at my room or office examining 
heads. Two or three parties of young ladies called for 
examination and charts. One young woman had an 
ardent and excitable temperament, the vital and mental 
predominating, and I was obliged to mark her Cau- 
tiousness and Conscientiousness only 4 to 5, and her 
Language, Mirthf ulness, Secretiveness, and Ainativeness 
f , or at the top of the scale* I told her plainly that 
she should guard most carefully against temptations to 
indulge in lewdness of thought, word, and conduct. Be- 
fore she left the room she made several indelicate allu- 
sions in her remarks to her associates, and I have little 
doubt that she really needed the plain counsel I had 
given her, costing me both pain and courage. Nothing 
was ever so disgusting to me as indelicate language by 
a woman. If they are ever so chaste in conduct and 
have a licentious tongue, the beauty and purity of their 
character is tarnished, in my esteem, and no graces of 



Farmington, Conn. 209 

genius, no sparklings of wit, no charms of beauty or 
blandishments of art can atone for a want of delicacy." 



This is a rich and handsome town, ten miles south- 
west of Hartford, and being within six miles of my 
home, Avon, T resolved to give a course of lectures 
there, and, if possible, win a full house and a good 
hearing for my subject. Consequently I opened a 
course at the Town Hall on the 12th of Jan., 1846. 

I had heard of the place as very dull and dry for a 
course of lectures, and that Phrenologists had been 
there, charged pay at the door, had a few rough men 
and rougher boys and then quit the place as worthless. 
I went there with this prejudice, but with a determina- 
tion to get a hearing and command the respect of the 
best people. Hence the admission was free, and I had 
at the first lecture nearly a hundred boys and a small 
number of men. With the large display of oil paint- 
ings just bought of Mr. Graves, I made the walls of the 
hall attractive to the eye. At the close of the first 
lecture I called out a row of boys and briefly described 
their strongest traits and best talents for business, and the 
bright boys recognized the palpable hits which I made 
in their several mental tastes and preferences. Before 
dismissing the young audience I gave them the names 
and a brief history of some of the paintings, and re- 
quested them to bring their mothers the next night, 
and say to them that I was going to lecture on the 
training and management of children. 



210 A Villain Dyed in the Wool. 



A SINGULAR AUDIENCE. 

The next evening I had two hundred people, largely 
made up of boys and their mothers, with, of course, a 
considerable number of thinkers, but representing the 
newer material in the town. The Methodist presiding 
elder of the district, Rev. Mr. Creigh, also Rev. Mr. 
Clark, the pastorate, the pastor of the Methodist church 
in this place. Rev. Mr. Creigh was elected to serve on 
the committee of selection of candidates for examina- 
tion. At the close of this lecture a subscription was 
liberally started for the support of the course. 

At the third lecture, on the 15th, the audience was 
large and the leading citizens began to come in. The 
staid respectability of the good old town began to take 
fire from the kindling-wood, their children, and the 
success of the course was assured. Dea. Williams I 
examined blindfolded, and Dea. Hart, the principal of 
the Academy, was present. I found by talking with the 
people that a course of lectures on Phrenology has 
never been sustained ; that, in fact, several have tried 
and left the place in disgust. 

A VILLAIN DYED IN THE WOOL. 

At the fifth lecture, Jan. 19th, I publicly examined 
the head of a boy brought in as a test, named Franklin 
Blakesley, whom I described as being " reckless of con- 
sequences, ungovernable, and too eager for property to 
be honest in its acquisition." He has, I learn, been 
chained in the work-house, from which he escaped by 
creeping through the gates with his manacles, which he 



SOUTHINGTON. 211 

pounded in pieces at the first stone fence he came to. 
He is a notorious thief, and has been in jail for threat- 
ening to shoot his mother, and he is now not more than 
fourteen years old. 

My audiences now contained the best and strongest 
people of the town, and the hall was packed, and I was 
kept busy day after day in making examinations in the 
families of such men as Austin F. Williams, Samuel 
Derning, Dr. Carrington, Dr. Brown, Rev. Mr. Clark, 
and ~Rev. Dr. Noah Porter, father of the present (1882) 
President of Yale College. I was invited to dine with 
Rev. Mr. Creigh, and he gave me a cordial letter to 
Rev. Dr. Stephen Olin, then President of Wesleyan 
University, at Middletown, Conn. At the last two lect- 
ures I had the four doctors, Mr. John Hooker, the only 
lawyer, and son-in-law of Rev. Dr. Beecher, and withal 
one of the truest men in the world ; three clergymen, 
including Rev. Dr. Porter, then about fifty years the 
pastor of the Congregational church, who invited me 
to his house, which invitation I accepted for the next 
day, and examined his head and that of his daughter. 
He then requested me to accept a letter of introduction 
from him to the Rev. Dr. Jones, of Southington, nine 
miles south of Farmington. 

In this he was kind enough to ask Mr. Jones to aid 
me in the object of my visit, as he thought my mode of 
presenting Phrenology would be a decided assistance to 
him in stemming the influence of infidelity, which was 
becoming so strong in Southington. 

I had given a full course of . lectures in Farmington ; 
the large hall had been packed, and Dr. Porter, who, in 
those days, rarely got out to lectures, was present, and 



212 The Way it Worked. 

deeply interested, and lie told me his son Noah, then a 
tutor in Yale, had given considerable attention to 
Phrenology. His giving me the letter to Mr. Jones 
was the crowning triumph of my visit to Farmington. 

During the first week hardly a person thought of pro- 
fessional patronage, but during the second week I was 
quite overrun. 

Farmington is not the only old, self-contained, and 
most respectable town that I have ventured to encoun- 
ter, which has been abandoned and ever after shunned 
by several who expected immediate success and had 
not the faith and patience to wait for it. When such a 
town does move, it is profuse in its patronage and most 
cordial and sincere in its friendship. 



THE WAY IT WORKED. 

On the fifth of February I presented my letter from 
Dr. Porter to Rev. Dr. Jones, and it resulted in my 
obtaining the basement of his church for my course. I 
always took letters from one town to clergymen or 
other noted men of other towns, and it greatly facilitated 
the obtaining of good lecture-rooms and had a tend- 
ency to call out the better class of the people at the 
beginning of the course. 

Diary — " Friday, February 6, 1846. — Mr. Jesse 
Olney, the author of Olney's Geography and other 
school books, called on me at my rooms and invited me 
to visit him at his house. I examined several of his 
little boys, one of whom is now (1882) principal of a 
large public school in New York. 

" In the evening I gave my introductory lecture to a 



Lucy and the Boots. 213 

large audience. Rev. Mr. Pattison, Baptist ; Dr. 
Barnes, Prof. Smith, of the Academy, and Mr. Olney, 
were in attendance. 

"Saturday, 7th. — This day I have examined thirty 
heads, which is a rapid beginning for an old farming 
town. If this is a specimen of the place, I have little 
to fear in the way of doing a large business. 

" Friday, 13th. — I gave my fifth lecture to a large 
audience. I examined two heads blindfolded, by 
urgent request — Mr. Samuel Pratt, merchant, and Mr. 
A. E. Finch, machinist, which were said to be strik- 
ingly and graphically correct. Of Mr. Pratt, I said he 
was fond of music, and, with his temperament, he would 
sing tenor and teach music. He is musical, sings 
tenor, and leads the choir. Of Finch, I said he was 
proud, stubborn, blunt, imprudent, harsh, tyrannical, 
a proud, overbearing, boastful, egotistical man. I then 
examined a man whom I pronounced a real old bach- 
elor sort of man. This caused a tremendous shout, as 
he is not only an old bachelor of but thirty-five, but is 
everywhere known as being full of * old bachelor ways.' 

" Monday, 16th. — I had a good audience, and publicly 
examined a man who lives about three miles out of the 
village, and this is his first attendance. Of him I said, 
' You are a real driver ; are always in a hurry, and set 
everybody to waiting on you. You sadly lack order, 
and you do not keep your things in proper place, or 
know where to find them when wanted. Sometimes 
you come in toward night wanting to get ready to 
come to town, and in your hurry you sing out to your 
wife, u Lucy ! Where are my boots % " 3 The audience 
almost went frantic with fun, and I waited to have it 



214 One-Man Power. 

subside, when he looked up to me with a timid, an- 
noyed air, and asked, so that all could hear, ' How did 
you know my wife's name is Lucy V ' I replied with 
forced gravity, for it was only then that I understood 
" where the laugh came in." ' ' There is more truth in 
our science " than is dreamed of in " most men's 
u philosophy." ' 

" Then the audience renewed the applause. Every 
now and then he would look up at me with credulous 
astonishment, which was a signal for another outburst. 

" The wife came up to the platform at the close, and 
said her name was Lucy, and that was just the way he 
would call, and it was always for his boots, and the 
neighbors knew it; hence the infinite fun of the de- 
scription. 

" My lectures in Southington have been largely at- 
tended and liberally supported, and I have made more 
than a hundred professional examinations. I was 
warmly solicited to remain longer, and should have 
done so, had not the use of the lecture-room been en- 
gaged for other purposes four evenings in the week for 
the next ten days." 

Thanks to Dr. Porter's excellent letter of commenda- 
tion, and thanks to Dr. Jones for being willing to re- 
ceive help in his work from a science, the misinter- 
pretation of which by some had led him to be afraid 
of it. 

ONE-MAN POWER. 

"March 4, 1846, I went to Plymouth Hol- 
low [now, 1882, called Thoinaston] and made an 
effort to obtain the basement of the Congregational 



Dickinson, the Artist. 215 

Church for a course of lectures, but as the entire place 
is owned by Seth Thomas, and as all the business is 
carried on by him, I could not obtain the room, as I 
think, because it was feared that some of the workmen 
would want to leave their work in the evening to 
attend the lectures, as the business being now very 
good, those er gaged in it are driving with all their 
might. I scarcely ever found a place owned by one 
man, or a company of men (except Colli nsville, Conn.), 
who were willing to open the way for a person to 
come in who might divert attention from money- 
making, or who might hope to carry away any cash, no 
matter how much might be obtained by the people as a 
consideration for their time and money.'" 

DICKINSON, THE ARTIST. 

In May and June I gave two courses of lectures, one 
at Deep River, Conn., and the other at Chester, alter- 
nating, as the places are near together. At Deep River 
a man was examined in public, and I pronounced him 
an artist by nature, after which he was introduced to 
me as "Mr. Dickinson, the portrait painter." I ac- 
cepted his invitation to dine with him the next day in 
his beautiful and handsomely furnished home, and he 
told me that L. !N\ Fowler examined his head ten years 
before and told him the same thing, and that he, being 
a carpenter by trade, sold his tools the next day to his 
brother, with whom he was in partnership, and sur- 
rendered what he had done on the job they were work- 
ing at for the sum of one hundred dollars, but against 
the strong remonstrance of his brother, who told him he 



216 Essex, Clinton, Naugatuck, Goodyear. 

would keep his tools and have them ready for him 
when his dream of art should be over; "hut," said he, 
" I have made the dream a reality. I have painted 
five of the Governors of our State for public places, 
and many of the finest people in the State have been 
my patrons and friends. I have improved myself not 
a little in general culture, have a lovely wife and chil- 
dren, a pleasant house and a large library, a welcome 
place in excellent society, and a good deal more prop- 
erty than my brother, though I thought him well-off 
when I left him, and he has been earning and saving 
ever since; in short, I have been successful, and I owe 
it to Phrenology, and I always acknowledge it with 
pride and pleasure, and never fail to patronize and 
otherwise aid every worthy worker in that field." 



ESSEX, CLINTON, NAUGATUCK, GOODYEAR. 

In August, 1846, I gave a very successful course of 
lectures in Essex, Conn., also in Clinton and in Madison 
on the Sound. I then made a second visit to Water- 
bury, Conn., and a first, but successful, visit to Nauga- 
tuck, where I "became acquainted with the since cele- 
brated inventor in india-rubber, Mr. Goodyear. I 
then made my second visit to Birmingham and gave a 
long course, more successful than the first, closing No- 
vember 10th. Here I renewed my acquaintance with 
the Kelloggs, studying phonography and watching the 
bewitching brilliancy of little Clara Louise, who has 
since become so widely known in the musical world. 
Though not then five years old, she knew every musi- 
cal sound so perfectly by touching the keys of the 



Birth of a Son. 217 

piano, that she would instantly describe which key was 
touched, when she was in another room and out of sight 
of the piano, though she knew no note by name. 



CHAPTER XX. 

BIRTH OF A SON. 

The birth of a son, Nelson Buell Sizer, on Dec. 10, 

1846, may account for my absence from the lecture 
Held from the 10th November until I started, Jan. 12, 

1847, for Perth Amboy, N. J., a city incorporated earlier 
than New York, twenty-eight miles distant. The bus- 
iness of the place is very largely in the oyster line. 
The bay or sound west of Staten Island is the planting 
ground. I obtained the City Hall for my lectures and 
opened on the 16th. 

COLOR SMALL. 

u To-day, Jan. 21, 1847, I examined the head of Mr. 
Silas Smalley, of this place, Amboy, who says he can 
not tell purple from green ; or if all colors were spread 
out before him, say in the form of silk goods, he could 
tell a light from a dark color, but he could not distin- 
guish the colors. All dark colors look alike to him, 
and all light colors appear the same. He was brought 
up in a dry -goods store, and was always obliged to 
throw down a great quantity of goods, so that ladies 
could, from the whole, find the color required. He 
went to a new situation in New Brunswick, N. J., and 
they would not endure his lack of discrimination in re- 
spect to colors, and dismissed him." 



218 . Body too Small for the Head. 

This reminds me of a man I examined about 1857 in 
the Phrenological office in New York. Finding Color 
small in him, I told him he would fail in respect to 
judgment of colors. Wishing to test him, I pointed 
with my foot to a mass of glaring scarlet in the carpet, 
and asked him what he called it. " That," said he, " I 
should call a brownish, greenish, reddish color." I told, 
him that he had done as well as I expected ; and he re- 
plied, " Yes, I can tell colors pretty fairly, but 1 seldom 
think or care anything about it." 

BODY TOO SMALL FOR THE HEAD. 

" January 25th. — I have just examined the head of a 
child of Mr. Sm alley, whose organ of Color is small, 
and found the head measured twenty inches in cir- 
cumference, and the chest but sixteen inches. The 
child is two years old. The child has an older brother, 
whose head measured twenty-one and a half inches, and 
his body nineteen inches. He is about four years old. 
The health of both of these children is very delicate, 
and when they are ill their heads seem to be the seat of 
the difficulty. Even the youngest, as the mother told 
me, is as fond of a book as an adult, and the older one 
is so fond of his book that he must have it to sleep with." 

RAH WAY, N. J., AND DR. COMSTOCK. 

" Feb. 3, 184:7.-1 left Amboy for Rahway, K J., 
and found the town billed for a course of lectures on 
Physiology by Dr. S. S. Comstock, of New York, illus- 
trated by the most ample and complete set of Dr. Auzoux' 
manikins, models, and plates. As I desired that this sub- 
ject, with such ample illustrations, should be enjoyed by 



Rahway, N. J., and Dr. Comstock. 219 

the good people of Rahway, I resolved not to open my 
lectures and divide the interest, but to go elsewhere 
and wait until this course should be completed. So, 
taking counsel with my friend, Joseph us Shann, the 
postmaster and editor of the Rahway Republican, whom 
I met at Flemington, ~N. J., as editor of the Democrat 
in 1840, he advised me to visit Upper Rahway, or the 
new part of the town, over the small river which di- 
vides them. Here I engaged Military Hall, and on 
the 4th of February gave my introductory lecture to a 
good audience, considering that there were religious 
meetings in the churches, and not a few go to hear Dr. 
Comstock in the old town. 

" Mr. Ralph Marsh is the great man of the place, and 
has made a fortune in the manufacture of carriages, 
selling them largely in New Orleans. He invited me 
to his house and I examined the heads of his wife and 
four children, and my room is thronged all the time for 
professional work. 

" Feb. 5th. — In the evening I gave my second lecture 
to a large audience, which, in this place, more than 
realizes my expectations." 

" Feb. 8th. — This evening I gave a lecture to a densely 
crowded house, and the utmost anxiety seemed to per- 
vade the audience to hear Phrenology explained and 
applied. 

" Tuesday, 9th. — I examined twenty heads during the 
day, and in the evening, though the mud in the un- 
paved streets was very deep and the night very dark, 
the house was crowded to suffocation by the eager mul- 
titude, and I gave them as strong a lecture as I could 
serve up for them." 



220 New Jersey Peculiarity. 

"Friday, 12th. — All day I was employed in the la- 
bors of my profession, and examined twenty-seven 
heads, and gave a lecture to a large audience. 1 noticed 
in the crowd, Dr. Comstock, whose course of lectures 
at Rahway proper, led me to come here. 

" Saturday, 13th. — I have been as busy as possible at 
professional work, and rejoice that Saturday night 
promises a resting day to-morrow. Dr. Comstock has 
given up his lectures at Rahway, and says that his peo- 
ple have come over to my side of the town and deserted 
him. He proposed to unite with me in a ' treaty offen- 
sive and defensive/ putting his manikins and plates and 
my apparatus together and treating on the entire nature 
of man, he dwelling on the physical and I on the men- 
tal nature of the genus homo. 

" Dr. Comstock has gone to give a course of lectures 
in Plainrield, Somerville, and Elizabeth, "N". J., and I 
am lecturing in Rahway proper, in the basement of the 
Baptist Church, to small but attentive audiences." 

A NEW JERSEY PECULIARITY. 

" Tuesday, 23d. — The weather is clear and cold, and 
the people appear to be eager to enjoy the sleighing, 
and little else is thought of. I suppose it is the part 
of wisdom to take all things coolly which it is not in 
our power to prevent, and were it not for the fact that 
some little annoyances are, when viewed from a certain 
point of observation, quite ludicrous, I should some- 
times lose my temper and thus falsity my philosophy. 
For instance, speaking superlatively, a Jerseyman never 
shuts a door, or seems to know what it is made for. I 
suppose I rise fifty times a day to close the doors of 



A New Partnership. 221 

my room, which are left open, either by some of the 
domestics or by visitors. A man will bring in a scut- 
tle of coal and leave the door wide open into a hall 
whose atmosphere is far below the freezing point, and 
let it remain open till he has replenished the grate, and 
perhaps made many senseless interrogations, or the 
laudable effort to relate some pointless and thrice-told 
tale, and when he takes his reluctant leave he makes 
the motions of shutting the door and leaves it open at 
last. By this time my room is nearly as cold as the 
open street, and at the end of an hour the coal begins 
to name and send out its genial influence, when my 
worthy host or hostess will make their appearance to in- 
quire how my fire comes on, leaving the door open dur- 
ing the stay of a quarter of an hour, and retiring, like 
the servant man, with the door open behind them, 
leaving me the pleasurable necessity of rising and clos- 
ing the door, or of leaving it open for the next comer. 
As King Charles XII. of Sweden said, when he had 
three horses shot from under him in a single battle, 
* These people give me exercise.' In the evening I 
*brought my lectures to a close." 

A NEW PARTNERSHIP. 

After closing at Rahway, I visited Somerville and 
gave a short course, and on the 11th of March I joined 
Dr. Comstock at Birmingham, Conn., where we gave a 
short course of lectures at the Methodist church, and 
then went to Waterbury, and on the 20th opened our 
joint course at Gothic Hall. I found great aid from 
the use of the manikin in lecturing on the brain and 
nervous system. On the 31st we commenced a course 



222 Lectures at Avon and Bloomfield. 

in Collinsville, and the 14th of April we opened at 
Russell's Hall at Portland. In these towns, where I 
had given one or more courses of lectures, the people, 
knowing me, turned out to welcome an old friend now 
associated with the owner of one of the best outfits to 
be found, illustrating the human system in detail, and 
as natural as life. The Doctor being troubled with 
bronchial tenderness, took a hard cold and became too 
hoarse to lecture, and I finished his course on the mani- 
kins, having become familiar with them, and having 
him sitting behind to prompt me if I needed it. We 
closed our joint labors at Portland, and he went home 
to recover. 



CHAPTER XXI. 

LECTURES AT AVON AND BLOOMFIELD. 

In the month of September, being invited by the 
citizens of Avon, my neighbors, I gave six lectures in 
the Baptist church to a large audience. 

On the 15th of October, 1847, I began a course of 
ten lectures by special invitation in the Congregational 
church, in Bloomfield, Conn., four miles from Hartford ; 
my brother-in-law, Rev. Niles Whiting, being pastor of 
the Baptist church in that town. As this was near my 
home, and as I could visit my friends at the same time, I 
gladly accepted the invitation. As an evidence of the 
success of the course, I may here copy an article sent 
to the Phrenological Journal by a person then and 
now unknown to me. It appeared in the December 
Number : 



Sihsbury, Windsor, Sttffield. 223 

"Editors Phrenological Journal: — We have just 
been favored with an interesting course of lectures on 
the science of Phrenology in this place, by Nelson 
Sizer, of Avon, in this State. The lectures were well 
attended, and the strictest attention paid to the lecturer 
while he pointed out the various faculties of the mind 
and their appropriate use, at the same time condemning, 
in strong terms, their abuse. The last of the course — 
the tenth — was upon the Moral Sentiments. At its 
close, at the suggestion of Hon. Francis Gillette (U. S. 
Senator in 1856), Jay H. Filley, Esq., was requested to 
take the chair ; aud a vote of thanks to the lecturer, 
moved by Hon. Mr. Gillette, 'for the able, instructive, 
and highly interesting course of lectures' which he had 
delivered, was unanimously passed. The. mover re- 
marked that he was gratified with the high moral tone 
which had characterized the lectures throughout. 

" Few, I think, who attended the entire course, can 
forget his remarks on training children for useful mem- 
bers of society, treating them as moral and intellectual 
beings, rather than pampering their appetites and ruin- 
ing their health for the gratification of their own vanity. 
While the science of Phrenology has thus been brought 
before the community, and placed in an interesting 
light, it is to be hoped that many of the evils, which 
have long cursed our race, have received a signal re- 
buke, which will serve to correct them. 

" Bloomfield, Ct., JYov. 4, 1847. Veritas." 

simsbury, windsor, suefield. 

I afterward lectured in Simsbury, Windsor, and Suf- 
fleld, Conn., but as only the usual routine occurred, I 



224 Columbia, Conn. 

merely note the places because my many warm friends 
there would expect in a work like this, at least an in- 
dication that I had not forgotten either their towns or 
the thousand kindnesses received by me which time 
can not efface. 

As I find in my diary a curious specimen of erro- 
neous punctuation, I transcribe it, thinking it may im- 
press others, as it did me, viz : that points have power 
as well as words : 

" Caesar entering on his head, his helmet on his feet, 
armed sandals on his brow, there was a cloud in his 
right hand,' his faithful sword in his eye, an angry glare 
saying nothing, he sat down." 

Let our young readers place the points after the 
words "entering," "helmet," "sandals," "cloud," 
" sword," " glare," and see how sense at once takes the 
place of nonsense. 

Printers in Washington used to complain of John 
Quincy Adams on account of the closeness of his 
pointing in his manuscript, but he was as sacred of his 
commas and semicolons as he was of his verbs, nouns, 
dates, and proper names, and he would not permit any 
compositor to modify his punctuation, for he said he 
was "the author of the punctuation as well as of the 
grammar and sense. I am responsible for the whole, 
and I will have it as I please. Point my matter as 1 
point it, and I will release you from all further respon- 
sibility." As Mr. Adams was a fine scholar and a 
most careful and orderly man, he knew, sharply, the 
power of words and punctuation, and a printer could 
safely follow him. I have his manuscript, and though 
tremulously written, it is a model of accuracy. 



Flrst set Temperance Speech. 225 



COLUMBIA, CONN. 

In February, 1848, I gave a course of lectures in 
Columbia, Tolland County, Conn. On Sunday, Feb. 
27th, a gentleman called on me and invited me to at- 
tend the Temperance meeting in the evening, and per- 
haps occupy some of the time. I consented, because, 
for many years, I had spoken ten or twenty minutes on 
the subject, when others were responsible for the con- 
duct of the meeting. 

" At the church that day Rev. Mr. Woodward gave 
notice that £ Mr. Sizer will address the citizens of Co- 
lumbia on total abstinence this evening at the Town 
Hall.' 

u A large audience assembled, and though the notice 
given was quite unexpected to me, I resolved to trust 
to the occasion and the subject for inspiration, and I 
spoke, without notes, for nearly two hours on the evil 
effects of alcohol on the mind, body, and estate of man. 
Mr. John S. Yeomans moved a resolution of thanks to 
be published in the Fountain (a temperance paper then 
published by Win. H. Burleigh at Hartford), and Mr. 
Gurdon S. Robinson moved that a collection be taken 
for the benefit of the speaker, which resulted in a hand- 
some sum of money. Both of these tokens of approval 
were, to me, unexpected, and therefore the more val- 
uable for being spontaneous. This is the first set 
speech I have ever made on this ^ subject, though for 
several years I have spoken for a short time whenever 
invited." 

I now copy from my diary these matters, after so 
many years, to show to lecturers of the present day, the 



226 Hebron, Conn., Memorable. 

drift and spirit of iny life and Jabor among the people. 
I have known Phrenologists who would lounge in bar- 
rooms, examine heads there as a contribution to the 
sport of a rough crowd, and to add a few shillings to 
their greasy pockets ; and it has been the influence of 
such as these that has made our noble subject, in the 
minds of not a few, " a hissing and a by-word." 

Perhaps my readers will tire of my diary, but they 
may console themselves with the thought that it was 
net written for publication, and therefore not intended 
as a bore to them. It is hoped that these old reminis- 
cences, however, will contain enough meat to pay for 
picking the dry bones. 

Diary :— " Monday, 28th Feb., 1848.— I rode to He- 
bron, four and a half miles west of Columbia, and took 
lodgings at Fuller's Hotel. I called on Gov. Peters at 
his home ; he received me kindly and welcomed me 
warmly to the town to lecture. 1 engaged the Town 
Hall for my course, and Tuesday, 29th, gave my first 
lecture to a good audience. I had as auditors, Gov. 
Peters, Kev. Mr. Hitchcock of the Episcopal church, 
Eev. Mr. Baylis of the Methodist church, Dr. White, 
and Dr. Woodward. 

" Wednesday, March 1st. — I attended the Lyceum 
and was invited to take part in a debate on the nega- 
tive of the question, in aid of Dr. Woodward, which I 
did, and we had a warm and very pleasant time. The 
chair and also the house gave the decision in favor of the 
negative. The question was this : ' Has intemperance 
in the use of alcoholic drinks carried more persons to a 
premature grave than fashionable dress i ' I dwelt, 
first, on the influence of tight-lacing and thin shoes, as 



Author of the "Blue Laws." 227 

destructive to the lives of mothers ; ancf, secondly, on 
the weak constitutions of children inherited from such 
mothers." 



" Thursday, 2d. — I gave my second lecture'to a large 
audience. I am situated in a house which has been 
kept as a hotel by one family by the name of Fuller 
for more than a hundred years. The room in which I 
write is notorious for having been the place in which 
Rev. Samuel Peters (uncle of Gov. Peters, now of this 
place) was tarred and feathered for being a rank Tory of 
the Revolution. He fled to England and stayed about 
twenty-five years, and wrote, an anonymous history of 
New England, which Gov. Peters lent to me to read. It 
is a most scurrilous and slanderous work on the charac- 
ter and institutions of the people of the colonies. Gov. 
Peters admits that it is written with a poetic license, 
and contains fiction and falsehood in abundance. The 
author returned, died, and was buried in Hebron." 

THE PUMP FOE A CANNON. 

" Hebron is also memorable for having, at the an- 
nouncement of peace after the French and Indian War, 
used an old wooden pump as a cannon to fire a salute 
of rejoicing over the victoiy and peace. Of course the 
pump was shivered into kindling-wood, and it is not 
recorded that any of the patriotic philosophers were in- 
jured by the explosion. The king of England, hearing 
of this attempt to glorify his victory, ordered two brass 
four-pounders to be cast, with this inscription on them, 
' A present from the King of England to the town of 



228 Town Pump for a Cannon. 

Hebron, Conn.' They were sent over to Boston, but 
for want of means to transport them they remained 
there till the Revolution, when they fell into the hands 
of the British army, and never reached Hebron. 

u Wednesday, 8th March. — I spent the afternoon at 
the Governor's, and had a good visit. He is an emi- 
nent physician and a very wealthy man, and lives in 
fine style. He is very fond of friends, and tells anec- 
dotes with much effect. He is a bachelor, about seven- 
ty-five years of age, and retains his muscular and mental 
powers in great perfection. 

" Friday, 10th. — 1 gave my eighth and last lecture to 
a very large audience, at the close of which, on motion 
of Lucius J. Hendee, Esq., a meeting of the audience 
was organized by calling Gov. Peters to the chair, and 
appointing Maj. Charles Post secretary ; when the fol- 
lowing resolutions, moved by L. J. Hendee, Esq., and 
seconded by Dr. Woodward, were unanimously adopted : 

" 'Resolved, That we consider the science of Phre- 
nology one that commends itself to the attention of 
every enlightened individual, and especially to those 
entrusted with the training of children and youth. 

" 'Resolved, That we have been highly entertained 
and instructed by the lectures of Mr. Nelson Sizer on 
the sciences of Phrenology and Physiology, just closed, 
both by the happy manner of the lecturer, and by the 
solidity of his reasoning on the subject. 

" Resolved, That, in our opinion, Mr. Sizer is a gen- 
tleman entitled to the attention and patronage of the 
public as a Phrenologist and lecturer. 

"'Besolved, That the proceedings of this meeting 
be signed by its officers and published in the American 



Life in New York Begun. 229 

Phrenological Journal, and that a copy thereof be 
presented to Mr. Sizer. 

Charles Post, Sec. John S. Peters, Chairman. 

Hebron, Conn., March 10, 1848. 

I then went to Colchester and gave a successful 
course, and had an audience of five hundred people, 
and a great deal of business in my office. 

In April, I gave a second course in "Willimantic, 
and I was the first to use the new Franklin Hall. 

In May, I gave another course of lectures in New 
Britain, Conn., and then went home for the summer. 

In the month of May, 1849, I attended the Phreno- 
logical Convention, at Clinton Hall, which was held 
during the Anniversaries, for the purpose of forming 
" The American Phrenological Society," and was 
chosen a member of the committee to prepare a Con- 
stitution and By-Laws for consideration at a future 
meeting. 



CHAPTEE XXII. 

LIFE IN NEW YORK BEGUN". 

Aug-. 1, 1849, in pursuance of an agreement made in 
May last, with Messrs. Fowlers & Wells, I came to New 
York to occupy the position of Phrenological examiner 
in their office, and to assist in work connected with 
the Journal, teaching classes, and lecturing in the city 
and vicinity. 

O. S. Fowler having bought a farm in Fish-kill, 1S[. 
Y., desired to get away from office work, and into 



230 New Surroundings and Duties. 

rural occupations during the summer mouths, and L. 
N. Fowler, wishing, both for the pleasure and profit of 
it, to spend much of his time in the lecturing field, I 
was engaged to do the professional work in the ISTew 
York office, so that both the Fowlers could be other- 
wise employed, Mr. Wells being chiefly devoted to the 
general conduct of the business, and especially to the 
publishing department. 

I entered upon my new field of duty with pleasure ; 
released from the necessity of creating business, by 
giving lectures and managing the outside matters in- 
cident thereto, I was able to devote myself to the 
work of mental analysis, with singleness of purpose. 
This gave the mind opportunity to grow in strength and 
breadth, and to follow the profession without any 
secular anxiety. Here I was at once confronted with 
the duty of dictating character to a shorthand writer, 
which would not admit a loose or careless style of com- 
position in describing character, but required readiness, 
perspicuity, and consecutive order of statement, and of 
course accuracy of analysis. Those who have not 
tried it may not comprehend the mental strain and 
discipline incident to such work. I can now say that 
I regard it as the school of my life, and that it has so 
far trained me to talk straight, that, if I were called to 
examine a head in the Senate, I should greatly prefer 
to be followed by a reporter who would print my state- 
ments in the morning papers. I could talk much bet- 
ter, than otherwise, in such a harness. In preparing 
"How to Teach" for the press, in 1876, I dictated 
twenty -seven pages of it to a reporter at a single sitting, 
and my corrections of it for the press did not exceed 



First Lecture to Am. Phren. Society. 231 

three or four to the page of printed matter. At the 
first meeting of the Executive Board of the American 
Phrenological Society, at Clinton Hall, ~N. Y., Sept. 
11, 1849, to choose officers of the College, L. N. 
Fowler and Nelson Sizer were appointed Professors of 
Phrenology, the latter being also appointed Corre- 
sponding Secretary of the Society. 

Jan. 5th, 1850, T gave, by appointment, the first 
lecture to the Am. Phren. Society, at Clinton Hall; 
the subject being, " History, Progress, and Prospects of 
Phrenology." 

As the lecture was in great part written, I here insert 
it as prophetic of the work which has since been ac- 
complished. 

LECTURE. 

Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: — As it 
falls to my lot to open the first course of Lectures to 
the " American Phre ;olog-ical Society," I am con- 
soled by the thought, that whatever deficiency may ex- 
ist in the performance of the duties of this hour, will 
be amply compensated by the labors of the able minds, 
to whose instructions you will be invited to listen, in 
the prosecution of this course of lectures. 

Truth is the highest aim of man. In its light only, 
is found the panacea of evil — the reward and goal of 
virtue. 

Let this be the guiding star of all our investigations, 
well assured that, wherever it may lead us, we have 
the rock of ages as a basis. Then may we scorn alike 
the contempt of bigots, and the prophetic maledictions 
of the teachers of a false philosophy. 



232 Lecture. 

Since ideas assumed a tangible form, Truth and Error 
have ever been at war, and although truth may be ob- 
scured for a time by the mists of error, its destiny is, 
like that of the glorious sun, to roll onward and up- 
ward, dissipating the clouds that arrest its rays. 

New truths, being in advance of the opinions of the 
world, have ever been opposed. 

Galileo was compelled to kneel before a Sanhedrim 
of sanctified wisdom, and forswear the doctrines of 
Astronomy, and, with his own hand to consign his 
books to the flame, because it was affirmed that his 
teachings were " false in philosophy, and heretical in 
religion." 

In the middle of the sixteenth century, in England, 
then the freest country on the globe — the immortal 
Harvey was obliged, for sixteen long years, to hide 
his great discovery of the circulation of the blood, 
until be could, by his profession, fortify himself against 
that beggary which the loss of practice resulting from 
the disclosure of his sublime theory, would have oc- 
casioned — a theory, at once so true and perfect, that the 
concentrated and accumulated wisdom of the world has 
not been able to add to it a single fact or argument, 
which his genius had not anticipated and brought to 
light ; and last, but not least, if the Prince of Peace, 
who, for teaching a new doctrine, although one of 
matchless purity, was crucified by those whom He came 
to bless and save, will any opposition which the world 
has raised, or can raise against the glorious revolution 
in mental philosophy which Dr. Gall promulgated, 
startle or surprise you ? It was owing to the lateness 
of the age in which he lived, that he was not torn on 



Am. Phrenological Society. 233 

the rack, or burned at the stake. Two hundred years 
before, he and his adherents wouM have found a mar- 
tyr's pyre, or a felon's cell. 

Galileo's doctrines — " false in philosophy and hereti- 
cal in religion," as they were believed to be — are now 
taught, and believed throughout the civilized world ; 
and that, too, by the lineal descendants and successors of 
those who persecuted him, and on the very spot where 
he kneeled before ignorance and superstition to abro- 
gate the truth. 

Few men — especially those renowned in medical 
science — who were Harvey's cotemporaries, even be- 
lieved in his theory. JVow, any other theory would 
be regarded as ridiculous folly. So may it fare with 
the doctrines of Gall. 

'Not dissimilar in their beginnings — may they be alike 
universally believed — universally triumphant. 

In opening our labors in connection with The 
American Phrenological Society, it may not be inap- 
propriate to glance at the early history, progress, and 
prospects of Phrenology. 

It would be entirely out of place at this day to at- 
tempt to prove the general truth of Phrenology. It 
would be like a labored effort to prove, by argumen- 
tation, the philosophical practicability of navigating the 
ocean by steam ; or the feasibility of constructing a 
power loom, or a cotton spinner. These questions have 
all been settled by practical experiment, and have been 
garnered in the archives of history. Yet it is not 
without interest, to go back to the infancy of art and 
science, and review the clumsy contrivances of the 
one, and the errors and ignorance which pervaded the 



234 Lecture. 

other. The same is especially true of mental phi- 
losophy. 

The discussion of the laws of mind in the abstract, 
or without regard to organization, was the principal or 
only method of the old metaphysicians. 

Locke, Hume, Reid, Stewart, and others reflected on 
their own consciousness, and stated the result of their 
investigations — what they had thought and felt — and 
they gave to the world their own emotions and mental 
speculations as the true philosophy of mind. Thus, men 
of widely different tendencies of character and perhaps 
contradictory intellectual peculiarities, transcribed the 
features of their own minds as the true standard of 
mental science. As well might a score of artists, dif- 
fering in looks as much as did Titian, Raphael, Ho- 
garth, and Rubens, paint their portraits respectively, 
and each exhibit his own as the true standard of beauty. 
It is apparent that such reasoning must fail, and we 
are not surprised that " confusion worse confounded" 
was the result of their labors. 

Consciousness does not inform us that thought has 
any necessary connection with organization, and there- 
fore the connection of the brain with the mind forms 
no part of their philosophy. Thus, although many 
masterly thinkers had long felt the necessity of more 
light on the laws and powers of the human mind, yet 
they had groped their way in darkness, doubt, and 
uncertainty, each writer differing as widely from all his 
predecessors, as his own mind had differed from theirs. 

It is not a little remarkable that, while physical 
science was being developed with rapid strides all over 
the world, the complex nature and laws of mind were 



Lecture. 235 

slumbering in darkness among the musty archives of 
profound mystery, notwithstanding the unwearied exer- 
tions of some of the best minds of past ages. Hypoth- 
esis and consciousness being their base hue, they never 
could demonstrate fixed laws and practical knowledge 
worthy the name of philosophy. Their metaphysical 
speculations explained nothing satisfactorily, and their 
labors ended in an inexplicable labyrinth. In such a 
manner and with such success had the inquiries into 
man's mental nature been struggling for ages, when 
Dr. Gall presented his discoveries to the world. 

The peculiar feature of Dr. Gall's method of investi- 
gation was to observe Nature, and follow her teachings, 
without regard to his own opinions, or of those of the 
world around him, he held " the mirror up to Nature," 
what she reflected he recorded, nothing more. Find- 
ing a peculiar shape of head uniformly attended by a 
certain trait of character or talent, he recorded it as a 
fact, irrespective of all past opinion or theory, and 
boldly, yet submissively, walked onward, in the light of 
fact and observation, in the pathway marked out by 
nature ; and when, by combining observed and verified 
facts, he had foreshadowed a system, new as it was sub- 
lime, he independently and exultingly exclaimed, " This 
is truth, though at enmity with the philosophy of ages." 

While other mental philosophers formed a hypotheti- 
cal theory and labored to reduce facts and reflections 
to its support, lie quarried out disjointed and individual 
facts, and from them erected the superstructure of his 
system without design, and was at last surprised to find 
it at once beautiful and in perfect harmony with uni- 
versal nature. 



236 Phrenological Society. 

Beginning, when a boy, to observe the harmony be- 
tween the dispositions and talents of his school-fellows, 
and certain developments of their heads, he continued, 
in a widely diversified field of investigation for about 
thirty years, and finally, m 1796, ventured to give pub- 
lic lectures on the science of mind as dependent on the 
development of special portions in the brain. It is 
worthy of remark, that Dr. Gall left unappropriated 
some portions of the brain, because he had not fully 
satisfied himself as to their functions ; and so true was 
he to himself, and to the true spirit of science, that he 
would not venture one step on supposition, but waited 
for time and other minds to discover the function of 
several of the organs which are now well established. 

In 1804, Dr. Spurzheim, having previously been his 
student, became his associate and fellow-laborer, and in 
no small degree is the world indebted to him for his la- 
bor in arranging and classifying, into a more perfect 
system, the facts which Dr. Gall had, with so much 
patient genius, discovered. 

Spurzheim's work on the " Natural Laws of Man," 
founded on Gall's discoveries, was the most fundamen- 
tal and first complete system of mental philosophy 
which the world had ever seen. To this great work 
Mr. Combe acknowledges himself indebted in the con- 
struction of his great work on the " Constitution of 
Man," which is regarded as the most lucid and mas- 
terly production on the nature of man and his relations 
to life in any language. 

It has been the fate of nearly all reformers, that they 
have been opposed in their own country, and crucified, 
imprisoned, persecuted, or driven from its limits. 



Lecture. 237 

Alarmed at the novel doctrines of Gall and Spurz- 
heim, the Austrian Government of Church and State 
suppressed their lectures, and in effect excluded them 
from its dominions. They traveled in the direction 
which dawning light always takes — westward. France, 
England, Scotland, and the United States subsequently 
became the asylum of the teachers of those noble truths, 
of which consolidated bigotry and despotism were 
alike unprepared and unworthy. 

The world owes a debt of left-handed gratitude to 
Austria for driving abroad the truth into a more con- 
genial soil, even as were the Apostles of Christianity 
from Jerusalem, all over the earth ; for, had it been al- 
lowed a downy pillow of inglorious ease in the heart of 
her empire, it might have been smothered amid the 
luxuries of Eastern courts, and the world at large have 
lived for ages unblest by its light. 

Truth, to shine with its native effulgence, should be 
sent into the open world friendless, unadorned, u with- 
out staff or scrip, or even two coats " — it is then she is 
glorious, omnipotent — so was it with the religion of 
Jesus, so it was with the apostles of the true mental 
philosophy. 

Seientihc minds in France welcomed the Germanic 
philosophers, and listened in admiration to their teach- 
ings. England and Scotland gave audience to Spurz- 
heim, and offered no obstacle to his doctrines but search- 
ing criticism. Of this there was no lack, either in 
France or Britain, but the shafts of criticism were 
hurled back with Herculean strength, and although 
they sometimes came barbed with acrimony and tipped 
with malevolence, they were returned burnished and 



238 Phrenological Society. 

gleaming with truth, but like the skillful surgeon's 
knife, ever directed by benevolence. 

That Scottish reviewers and English metaphysicians 
should have been wedded to theories and modes of 
thinking, consecrated by time and honored by vener- 
able names, was by no means strange. That they 
should be pliant to the certain fate which awaited them, 
if they admitted the fundamental errors of their phi- 
losophy, was hardly to be expected ; for they clearly saw, 
that if Phrenology were not shown to be false, they 
would soon be compelled to descend from professional 
stations, as teachers and learned men in mental science, 
and be content to start again on a level with those of 
less pretensions to knowledge. It was doubtless humil- 
iating in the extreme, that a system of yesterday must 
supplant the unwearied toil of ages. It was, therefore, 
a war of extermination, honestly waged perhaps, in 
general ; though we are compelled to believe, that self- 
ishness, pride and ambition, if not envy, were some- 
times ingredients in the opposition. 

Dr. Spurzheim, with a clear and vigorous mind and 
remarkable amenity of manners, overturned by prac- 
tical demonstration the bold assertions of the Edinburg 
Review, and converted to his doctrines, not a few of 
the ablest minds in that city, renowned for deep 
thought and solid learning. He did not insinuate him- 
self among the illiterate and superficial, but invited the 
venerable in learning and science to attend upon his 
teachings — and with the oracle of modern learning, 
the Edinburg Review, which had assailed phrenology, 
in one hand, and a human brain in the other, which he 
dissected and expounded in their presence, he boldly 



Lecture. 239 

met the opposers on their own ground, and taught 
them, by the structure of the brain itself, that their 
temple of science, as well as their opposition to phre- 
nology, was built upon the sand, while he proved his 
own to be founded on a rock. Thus was Phrenology 
planted in the British empire. 

Dr. Caldwell brought the science to the New World, 
and boldly taught it to his countrymen as generic 
truth. He had studied it in Paris, under Dr. Gall 
himself — and about the year 1820, willingly lent to its 
advocacy the earnest efforts of his voice and pen. He 
brought to its aid a powerful mind, well disciplined in 
scientific lore. " For many years he stood almost 
alone, its champion and defender, and for every blast 
of obloquy, ridicule, or sophistry directed against it, he 
gave an overwhelming counterblast of nervous argu- 
ment and withering truth." 

In 1828, Dr. Gall died at Paris, in the bosom of the 
scientific corps who had appreciated his genius and 
discoveries, and who honored him at his grave as the 
founder of the true philosophy of mind. Up to this 
time Phrenology had gained slowly upon the attention 
of the thoughtful and critical, by means of the writ- 
ings and labors of Caldwell and Combe, and were well 
prepared to welcome to the American shores the asso- 
ciate of the lamented Gall. 

The arrival of Spurzheim was hailed as an era in 
mental science. The public mind was eager to listen 
to the new philosophy from the lips of one of its 
founders. 

Dr. Spurzheim gave one course of lectures in Bos- 
ton to the congregated literary and scientific wisdom of 



240 Death of Spukzheim. 

that metropolis of letters, with the most unrivalled ac- 
ceptance, and fell asleep in their midst on the tenth 
day of November, 1832. 

An imitation of the tomb of Scipio marks his rest- 
ing-place in Mount Auburn, erected as a testimonial of 
the just appreciation of the great and good, and of his 
labors in their behalf. 

Rev. John Pierpont but expressed the American 
feeling, alike honorable to his own genius, and the ob- 
ject of his eulogistic lamentation, in the ode dedicated 
to the fallen benefactor, and wdiich was sung at his 
funeral by the Boston Handel and Haydn Society. 

ODE TO SPUKZHEIM. 



Stranger, there is bending o'er thee 

Many an eye with sorrow wet : 
All our stricken hearts deplore thee; 

Who that knew thee can forget ? 
Who forget what thou hast spoken ? 

Who, thine eye — thy noble frame? 
But that golden bowl is broken, 

In the greatness of thy fame. 

ii. 

Autumn's leaves shall fall and wither 

On the spot where thou dost rest; 
'Tis in love we bear thee thither 

To tliy mourning Mother's breast. 
For the stores of science brought us, 

For the charm thy goodness gave 
To the lessons thou hast taught us, 

Can we give thee but a grave ? 



Death of Spurzheim. 241 

in. 

Nature's priest, bow pure and fervent 

Was thy worship at ber shrine ! 
Friend of man — of God the servant, 

Advocate of truths divine ; 
Taught and charmed as by no other, 

We have been, and hoped to be ; 
But while waiting round thee, Brother, 

For thy light — 'tis dark with thee I 

IV. 

Dark with thee! — No! thy Creator, 

All whose creatures and whose laws 
Thou didst love, — shall give thee greater 

Light than earth's, as earth withdraws. 
To thy God thy godlike spirit 

Back we give in filial trust ; 
Thy cold clay — w r e grieve to bear it 

To its chamber — but we must. 

The mournful event of Spurzheim's death in the 
opening exuberance of his Western fame, seemed to 
create a deeper interest in the sublime doctrines which 
he came to teach, but fell a victim to death, on the 
very threshold of his promised field of usefulness. 
Public sentiment had been awakened, but not satisfied. 
The great teacher was expected to have been heard 
throughout the land ; but his voice was hushed in death, 
and the people instinctively turned to his successors. 

The light of foreign authors and the labors of 
American minds accomplished, for the next six years, 
invaluable service in this great reform. The voice of 
the Fowlers was heard far and wide, and they were 
winning renown by their untiring zeal, talents, and 
ii 



242 Phrenological Society. 

indefatigable exertions to disseminate among their 
countrymen those ennobling truths to which they were 
so deeply devoted, and for which their predecessors had 
lived and labored. 

In the year 1838, Mr. George Combe, wearing, by 
general consent, the mantle of the lamented Spurzheim, 
his honored master and friend, appeared among us. 
This event was hailed with gladness by the lovers of 
the science, who, with the cultivated and leading minds 
of our larger cities, clustered around him as an oracle 
of wisdom. 

With that modesty and knightly courtesy so eminent- 
ly marked in his character, he addressed himself to the 
judgment and moral sense, in such a strain of chaste 
and lucid reasoning, as at once to enrapture and con- 
vince every candid hearer. Those who were disposed 
to cavil, could not withhold from him their respect. 
He was singularly successful in his advocacy of Phre- 
nology — everywhere gaining converts to the science in 
great numbers among the best minds of the age ; fully 
sustaining the reputation which the " System of Phre- 
nology " and the " Constitution of Man " had won 
for him previous to his arrival. 

The style and manner of Mr. Combe was calm, dis- 
passionate, and clear — his sternest conflicts had been 
waged on the other side of the Atlantic. In America 
he met with no opposition. He was fortunate in having 
had the public mind well prepared for his reception by 
the earnest labors of American Phrenologists, and the 
scientific light which had emanated from the writings 
of Gall, Spurzheim, and himself. From that hour, the 
horizon of the science seemed to be cleared of doubt 



Lecture. 243 

relative to its final triumph. The hottest of the battle 
had been fought by the writings and lectures of Cald- 
well, the Fowlers, and others; but the victory was not 
fully won. True, the clarion had been sounded ; the 
banner was floating in the breeze ; staunch and well- 
tried veterans were in the field, and a host of volunteers 
had marshaled themselves to the duties of the cam- 
paign. The frowning castles of established thought, 
and iron-faced conservatism, prejudice, ignorance, and 
bigotry, muttered their thunderings and sent forth 
scouting parties — and occasionally a Goliath, to do bat- 
tle against the usurpation. Colleges, pulpits, the 
press, the wit, the wag, the wise and otherwise, 
leveled their shafts against it. Like David, the youth- 
ful champion of Israel, Phrenology employed only 
weapons gathered from nature, and was content to aim 
its blows at the "very head and front" of the cham- 
pions sent out to defy its power. Although the spear 
of the opposition was as " thick as a weaver's beam," 
the stripling quailed not, blanched not before it ; but 
trusting to the God of truth, whose works and word 
abide forever true, came from the fierce conflict, unap- 
p ailed — unscathed ! 

The chosen giant had fallen ; another, and yet another 
came forth and shared a similar fate ; while the strip- 
ling, well supplied with smooth stones from the pure 
stream of Truth, became stronger at eveiy onset. Al- 
though their giants had successively fallen — or willingly 
enlisted with Israel — yet unlike Philistia's host of old, 
the legions did not flee in confusion, and surrender the 
field. The heavy artillery was, indeed, silenced ; but a 
raking, running fire was kept up : a kind of unmanly 



244: Phrenological Society. 

guerrilla warfare, evincing a fealty and allegiance to 
venerable error, worthy of a better cause : a tenacity 
which nothing but the progress of truth and another 
generation can effectually overcome. 

Like the progress of civilization, the advancement of 
Phrenology has been steady — onward — upward ; and if 
not as rapid as could have been desired by its advocates, 
and as its first introduction foreshadowed ; yet, like the 
emissaries of Napoleon, it has become a network, inter- 
laced with the popular thought and sympathy, through- 
out the land. * Literature has almost imperceptibly 
imbibed its spirit and adopted its nomenclature of the 
faculties. 

It has found its way to many honorable pulpits, and 
there formed the skeleton of soul-moving appeals and 
God-made practical truth. The listener has been as- 
tonished at the power of the appeal, and felt a new 
conviction of guilt — while with the emphatic certainty 
of a Nathan, the searching truth found him out ; — or 
he felt a higher throb of desire to conquer besetting 
sins, and experienced a loftier inspiration to live for 
truth, for man, and for heaven. 

The school-house, that nursery of thought and 
character, has been, in a measure, cheered by that 
light which warms and blesses, wherever a ray of it 
rests. 

Insanity — that most appalling of all diseases — because 
it kills the mind, and leaves the body a walking monu- 
ment of dethroned mentality — that disease which has 
baffled the wisdom of the world to comprehend, and 
more than mastered its skill to cure, has been illumi- 
nated with a flood of light by the science of Phre- 



Lecture. 24-5 

nology. It is the only exponent of mental aberration, 
and the orniclin^ star in its successful treatment. 

Woodward, Brigham, Rockwell, Buttolph, names 
dear and venerated in the American mind, for their 
efforts and success in the treatment of insanity, are 
firm disciples of Gall and Spurzheim. 

Caldwell, honored in the walks of physiological and 
medical science, in the Transylvania University gives a 
lecture to his college class of medical students, annually, 
on insanity, elucidated by Phrenology. This science 
has demonstrated that insanity is a disease of the brain, 
and pointed significantly to the means of prevention 
and cure. 

Phrenology has softened the asperities and modified 
the cruelty of prison discipline, by showing a better 
method of managing the wayward and reclaiming the 
vicious, than to treat them like brute beasts. It has 
taught the administrator of punishment, that cruelty 
always excites, but never cures and removes the ferocity 
of unrestrained passion. It has enforced, almost with 
the authority of a divine command, the sacred injunc- 
tion of the Prince of Peace, when He said, " If thine 
enemy hunger, feed him," " If he smite thee on thy 
right cheek, turn to him the other also." 

It has entered the halls of legislation, not visibly and 
nominally, but it has been there in spirit, imbuing the 
sympathies and judgment of the legislator with a 
juster philosophy of mind — a more comprehensive 
knowledge of the wants of the world, and the true 
theory of civil and criminal law. It has set in judg- 
ment with the embodiment of law, aiding in properly 
estimating a witness, or the criminal, by their mental 



246 Phrenological Society. 

organization, and thus assisted in achieving the ends of 
justice. 

It has opened its light upon social life — teaching the 
public mind how to estimate correctly the character and 
talents of each other, and of strangers. 

It has elevated modest merit to a respectable stand- 
ing — reassuring and encouraging it to look up and press 
onward. It has rebuked the supercilious, and taught 
him. not to take unbidden " the highest seat in the 
Synagogue," and at feasts, at the expense of better men, 
and of the general contempt. It has taught the 
quarrelsome " to put up the sword into its sheath," and 
" learu war no more." 

It has cheered the languishing mental and physical 
invalid, and taught him that melancholy forebodings, 
bordering on despair, were caused by small Hope and 
large Cautiousness, and not necessarily, by really ap- 
palling circumstances, and thus raised many from a 
state of being worse than death. It has whispered to 
the suicide, " Do thyself no harm," your organism, and 
not youYfate, is at fault. 

To the Shy locks of Mammon, it mutters a stern re- 
buke, while it points to their abnormal Acquisitiveness. 

To the sorrowing sons of want, it gilds the hill-tops 
of the future, and vaults the bow of promise for the 
desponding. It has taught the Atheist that his dis- 
belief in God was caused by an idiotic deficiency in 
some of his mental and moral developments, and to him 
who looks to death as an eternal sleep, it lifts the cur- 
tain of time and points to immortality. 

The business man has been enabled to discriminate 
between the designing and the honest, without waiting 



Lecture. 247 

for the lessons of a costly experience, and has selected 
his confidential agent3 and business partners by its 
teachings. 

Anxious mothers have sought its guidance in choos- 
ing a business or profession for their fatherless sons. 

Young men, without the lessons of time to direct 
them, yet anxious to become useful and happy, have 
been guided to posts of usefulness, honor, and emolu- 
ment, beyond the zenith of their highest anticipations, 
nor have they sought its aid in vain. 

Those whose ambition transcends their talents have 
been spared the humiliation of total failure in high 
positions, and been directed to humble pursuits in har- 
mony with their talents, and are filling, with credit 
and profit, stations of usefulness. 

The pulpit and the bar, through the light which 
Phrenology throws upon the future pathway of the 
young, have been spared disgrace, while art and 
science, literature and law, medicine and theology, have 
received honorable accessions from the plow-tail ; and 
yet there are those who contemptuously ask, " What is 
the use of Phrenology ? " 

But still more and better than all this, it has, in 
thousands of instances, snatched confiding woman from 
the power and conquest of men who were qualified 
only to poison their existence. Indeed, it has been, 
and in proportion as it shall become known, is designed 
to be, as a " flaming sword turning every way " to re- 
pel the evils which cluster around the hymeneal altar, 
by becoming the polar star in the selection of connubial 
partners ; and aiding those who are not congenially 
wedded, to educate their feelings to harmonious action 



248 Phrenological Society. 

and conjugal blessedness; &x\(\, finally , it lias watched 
with the mother at the cradle — and in the nursery, that 
school of the world, it has been her oracle of wisdom 
— her arbiter in government, and the trellis-work on 
which she has trained the tender vines, which it is her 
pleasure and her pride to nurture, to be finally trans- 
planted to a holier life — the Paradise of God. 

If such high results have already arisen from the 
dawning of phrenological science in our land and the 
world, what shall be the full glory oi its meridian day? 
We rejoice in the achievements already realized ; but 
as yet, Phrenology is but partially known, and not 
properly appreciated where it is known. 

It is like here and there an oasis in the arid wastes 
of the dreary desert, but when it shall overspread the 
land like nature's green carpet, and all minds are im- 
bued with its vivifying and elevating power, then 
shall education and law, religion and philosophy — with 
the multiform duties and pursuits of humble life — be 
duly adapted to man's varied wants in the present life, 
and minister to his development for a higher and purer 
life to come. 

Hitherto the achievements of Phrenology have been 
made principally by individuals without the advantages 
of association. True it is, that, for several years, so- 
cieties have existed ; but in this country it has usually 
been more in name than in earnest, abiding reality. 
This society was designed to be a consolidation of the 
American public sentiment, to be in communication 
with kindred societies throughout the country and the 
world — a grand central organization in which to ex- 
change thought and experience, and from which to 



Work that Tests a Man. 249 

diffuse abroad, like the rays of central light, the glori- 
ous truths which we are met to contemplate. 

It remains for this generation to decide whether the 
American Phrenological Society shall be rich in sci- 
entihc lore — in the number and character of its mem- 
bers — in the extent of its cabinet of specimens — and in 
the zealous fervor of its efforts to develop truth, and 
spread abroad an influence potent for good, to the 
present and all coining time. 

Every pioneer in this noble enterprise may enroll his 
name on a parchment, which shall be looked back upon 
like a " Declaration of Independence '' in mental sci- 
ence, the grand results of which shall keep pace with — 
nay, transcend the civilization of the times in the pro- 
duction of a Republic of thought, and a broader and 
purer philosophy. 



CHAPTER XXIII. 



WORK THAT TESTS A MAN. 



In the duties of Phrenological examiner in an office, 
which is visited by persons of every nationality and 
embracing every type of character and talent, there are 
constantly occurring incidents most interesting and in- 
structive to the examiner, and if a record of one in ten 
of the more pointed and piquant cases could be faith- 
fully presented, few books would be more readable. 
In our case, only a few of the many are remembered, 
and some of the richest could not, perhaps, with pro- 



250 Hon. N. P. Trist. 

priety, be rehearsed, because the name and position of 
the subject would constitute the cutting edge of the 
story. Those which we take the liberty to introduce 
will not generally reveal the name and locality, or even 
the date, and not a few of the parties to whom refer- 
ence might -be made have been dead for years. In the 
main each anecdote stands on its separate basis unrela- 
ted to any other, and contains its own significance and 
its own excuse for being. 

HON. NICHOLAS P. TRIST. 

In 1850 a keen, gentlemanly-looking stranger called 
at our office for a written description of character, and 
I commenced to dictate to a shorthand writer, who was 
to make for the customer a complete verbatim copy of 
my remarks. After a few sentences he looked up and 
asked, " Do you know me, sir 1 " I replied that I did 
not. After a few more sentences he looked up and 
asked, " Have you no idea, no suspicion as to who I am 
and what I have done?" I still replied in the nega- 
tive. Finally, I said, " If you were acting on behalf of 
others at a distance, and you thought you knew the sit- 
uation best, you would insist on your own way in the 
matter to the very form of expression in a contract or 
treaty, or you would resign the position. You believe 
in the truth, and insist on it to the last degree. You 
are fanatical on the subject of the right, and will toler- 
ate nothing else." He then turned square around and 
begged pardon for repeating the question : " Have you 
no surmise, no speculative idea of who I am ? " 

When I had finished, he gave his name as ~N. P. 
Trist, and some history of the making of the treaty of 



Treaty of Peace with Mexico. 251 

peace with Mexico as Minister Plenipotentiary of the 
United States to that country in 1848. He had argued 
the matter with the Mexican Minister, and by dint of 
firmness had secured terms w T hich he thought beneficial 
to us. But it then suited Mr. Polk's administration, in 
view of the future of home politics, not yet to have 
peace established. As the minister insisted that the 
best interests of both would be promoted by peace on 
the terms then available, his G-overnment sent to him 
a letter of recall, which he read to the Mexican Gov- 
ernment, and was besought to withdraw his letter of 
recall and sign the treaty in the interests of peace. He 
did so, and was ordered home, and General Scott of- 
fered him escort to Vera Cruz, which was, of course, 
virtually being a prisoner under arrest. " 1 took the 
risk," said he, " knowing it might be my political sui- 
cide, but I knew the interests of both countries required 
it, and though 1 was ostracised by Mr. Polk and his ad- 
visers for making the treaty, the United States Senate 
ratified it, thus indorsing squarely wdiat I believed to 
be right, and to aid in carrying out which, I sacrificed 
my political status. When I left the White House to 
start for Mexico, Mr. Polk took me by the hand, and 
with emotion, said : ' Mr. Trist, you have an opportu- 
nity to confer great benefit on your country, and at the 
same time w T in for yourself enduring renown. Make a 
treaty of peace with Mexico, and you will deserve well 
of your country.' I did what he then desired to have 
done, but for the doing of which I was brought home, 
virtually a prisoner." 

Such talent, Firmness and Conscientiousness gave a 
high regard for the right, and a fearless courage to do 



252 A Eare " Treat " — Only one such Man. 

it. I afterward became well acquainted with hirn, and 
for twenty years lie honored me with his friendship. 
He was postmaster of Alexandria, Va., and died about 
1876. He was one of the sharpest of thinkers, and his 
integrity was phenomenal. 

A RARE "TREAT" ONLY ONE SUCH MAN EVER, LIVED. 

In the year 1850 I gave a course of lectures at Cleve- 
land, Ohio. A young man called at my office and asked 
for a full written description of character, which I dic- 
tated from his head to a shorthand reporter to be copied 
out. As usual, I asked if he had any questions, and I am 
sure he occupied my time at least an hour with ques- 
tions as fast as he could put them. When about to ad- 
journ the session, another customer fortunately came in, 
desiring my attention. I then said, "If any further 
questions occur to you just put them down in writing, 
and I will try to answer them any time when at leisure." 

Right after breakfast the next morning he came in 
with a paper containing one hundred questions, by num- 
ber. I took a rocking-chair, leaned back, and tried pa- 
tiently and good-naturedly to answer them all in due 
order. It was calculated to appall or provoke a man, 
but it was a case so unusual that I became amused by 
the singular circumstance. 

Two years after this, at the office in New York, there 
came a request to me through one of the clerks of the 
office, to be blindfolded and make an examination of a 
person, and have it carefully written down by a re- 
porter. One of the reasons given was, that he 
wanted to see if I could make a correct description 
without seeing the face ; and another was, that I had 



Mam with 100 Questions. 253 

once examined his head and he desired to see if the sec- 
ond description would tally with the first. Being thus 
challenged, I consented, and was blindfolded so that I 
could see no ray of light. As I had then examined 
more than 70,000 heads, it was not likely I should be 
able blindfolded to remember his head. Of course I 
proceeded with great care until I had gotten nearly 
through, when the singular combinations of the facul- 
ties and the description of some of them led me to 
throw my mind back to grope in memory for any pos- 
sible odd stick similar to the one under my hands, es- 
pecially when speaking of his criticism, memory of 
facts, fertility of thought, and wonderful power of lan- 
guage, I said : " You are hungry to know everything, 
so much so that you have been a bundle of interro£a- 
tion points all your life ; you would, as a little boy, ask 
more questions than an archbishop could answer." It 
flashed on my mind, " Is it possible that singular ques- 
tioner, the Cleveland man, has got into Xew York ? " 
I "ran over his head again carefully, remembering much 
that I had said to him in Cleveland, for it had been 
very vividly impressed on my mind, and I became con- 
vinced that there could not be two such men on the 
face of the earth, and that this must be my champion 
interrogator. And when the bandage was removed, 
sure enough, there sat my man of a hundred extra 
questions. 

He did not remain then in Xew York, but for fifteen 
years he has been known by many in New York as Dr. 
Joseph Treat, as a talented writer and speaker, and as 
the promulgator of a philosophy of the solar system ad- 
verse to that of Xewton. He died about 1880, a vie- 



254 A Wise Teacher. 

tim of an overworked brain, and of a fiery, struggling 
talent, misdirected, and therefore antagonistic to all set- 
tled lines of thought. He was amiable, gentle, and 
true, but eccentric and erratic to the last degree. 

A WISE TEACHER. 

A gentleman from the eastern part of Connecticut 
was examined by me, and I stated that he was best 
suited to be a teacher, and that his special forte would 
be in governing, not only himself, but obdurate pupils. 
In confirmation of the description he gave the follow- 
ing incident, which occurred in the school he was 
teaching : 

A boy in a neighboring school district, in Connecti- 
cut, fifteen years old had been flogged and harshly 
treated, both at home and at school, until he had be- 
come reckless and lost to self-respect. So bad was he 
that he was refused by his native district the privilege 
of attending the school. The father went to the neigh- 
boring district and desired its teacher, who was widely 
known for success with unruly boys, to try his son. 
He was admitted, and the teacher lent him an interest- 
ing book, and told him he might read the first day, and 
not commence his studies until he had become ac- 
quainted with the school. At night he told him he 
thought him capable of becoming one of the best 
scholars in the school, and that if he would try to excel, 
he would give him every opportunity, and enable him 
to disappoint the expectations of everybody. The boy 
opened his eyes in amazement that any person should 
speak kindly to, and seem interested in, him. For 
several weeks he seemed to forget his wayward habits, 



Sadness Lightened. 255 

and bent his mind to his books with a success surpris- 
ing to all. One day he became angry because the 
teacher could not, at the moment, aid him to solve a 
problem. He angrily laid aside his book, and when the 
teacher was at leisure, and offered to help him, he said 
he did not wish it. When the school closed for the 
day, the boy was requested to remain, doubtless expect- 
ing a Hogging, as in former times ; but what was his 
surprise when the teacher quietly took a seat by his 
side, and said: " Thomas, I had thought you desirous 
and determined to be a good boy, and have so stated to 
all your acquaintances, at which they seemed to rejoice. 
Must I now go and tell them that my hopes are crushed, 
and that all my kindness and efforts to help you in 
your studies are lost ? " 

Thomas wept under this appeal, for he had expected 
the whip and expulsion from the school, and from that 
hour his reformation was confirmed. " This happened," 
said the teacher, '•' fifteen years since, and a better 
scholar, or a more worthy young man can not be 
found. in that region, and he regards his teacher as 
his savior." 

SADNESS LIGHTENE \ 

A lady came to our office in a most forlorn condi- 
tion. She had lost an infant on which she doted, and 
was cherishing a kind of insane satisfaction in her 
misery. Her head was excessively hot ; her hair was 
falling off, and the scalp was red and parched. Her 
predominant social organs being pained by the loss, had 
awakened a general fever in the brain ; she had palpi- 
tation of the heart, and felt that health and hope had 



256 The Quaker Widow. 

departed forever — were entombed with her darling, 
whom she expected soon to follow. 

We described the condition of her mind and the 
nervous system ; how she had prostrated her general 
health to a state little short of insanity. We explained 
the mode of relief ; her duty to herself and the living, 
and of submitting with faith and hope to the inevitable. 
We pointed out the method of cooling the brain and 
allaying the nervous activity, and the need of social, 
hopeful, joyous companions — in short, precisely the re- 
verse of her course for the last twelve months. 

Some two months afterward she came in, but so 
changed was her countenance and whole demeanor, 
that we did not know her. She said she had followed 
our advice, and her health and mental condition had 
been completely renovated, and that she felt like a new 
creature. Two years afterward the lady told me that 
she owed everything to Phrenology and the advice 
which I gave her. 



CHAPTEE XXIV. 



THE QUAKER WIDOW'S SURPRISE. 



In Brooklyn, N". Y., there lived a venerable Quaker, 
who, like many of his people with the prim decorum 
of the former times, avoided the musician, the portrait 
painter, the photographer, and the phrenologist, regard- 
ing these subjects as ministering to the spirit of vanity, 
worldliness, and egotism. He had, however, an enter- 



Better Late than Never. 257 

prising son, who, while retaining the integrity, gentle- 
ness, and moral refinement of his venerable father, 
ventured to interrogate the elements of reform and 
progress, the outgrowth of later times, and among his 
researches came to the conclusion that Phrenology is a 
practical science, and in his own case, and that of his 
children, he availed himself of its teachings. 

When his father died at the age of 72, this son felt- 
regret that he had no phrenological analysis of his 
father's character, and accordingly called at our office, 
and engaged me to take a stenographer to his house 
and examine the head of his deceased father. By an 
arrangement, we were to be near his house at eight 
o'clock, and he was to open the front door, and stand 
with a handkerchief in his hand on the steps, as a sig- 
nal for us to approach. Being admitted silently, we 
were taken to the room where the deceased lay, locked 
ourselves in, and dictated the description of his charac- 
ter, to be written out in full, and then, as requested, 
quietly retired without any other member of the family 
knowing we had been in the house. 

The man was to call at the office for the completed 
report in a few days, but he had given us no name, nor 
had we any idea that the family were " Friends," as the 
son did not dress like one, nor use, to us, the plain lan- 
guage. Some three months after the work had been 
finished and delivered, without a name, the gentleman 
returned and related the facts of the case. He said : 
" My father, being a ' Friend,' probably would not of 
his own wish or consent have had his head examined 
during his life ; but when he was gone I very much 
desired to get a phrenological estimate of- him, yet 



i ' : Life Saved — Balance Sectbed. 

knew it would not do fed mention the subject to my 
mother, especially at such a time. 

About a week ago I broached the subject of Phre- 
nology in my family, of which my mother is a member, 
and after some eonyersation on the subject of Phrenol- 
_ I -vid I had a written description of character 
made by a phren ; gist i a friend of mine, and if she 
would like to hear it, and thereby learn what it was 

I would real it ^_e expressed a desire to hear 
it. I had not read more than four or fiye pages, before 
mother started up as from a retr b reverie, and 

• William, that is very much like thy father in 

al points of peculiar:- ::er a few more pages, 

she turned full upon me and said: so much 

like thy father I should suppose it had been made 
from his head, but I know he neyer submitted to such 
an examinat: _v. i in like manner a third time she 

expressed earnest surprise, in view of the perfect li£e- 

to her late husband, especially in mauy marked 
points in which he was most decidedly unlike othr 

He finally told his mother it was a description of his 
father, and just how it was procured. Her reply 
char; : u William, I am yery glad thee had it 

ih thee would let me keep it." 

LIFE SAVED BAL__ I 5ZCTBED. 

Recently a man weighing two hundred pounds came 
into our office, haying a head measuring twenty-four 
and one-half inches. He said that fifteen years ago, 
when he had left Columbia College with high honors, 
intending to study for the law, he came to me for an 



A u Take Down " that Bolt Up. 259 

examination, expecting that I would send him straight 
to a literary pursuit, to the bar, or the pulpit ; but we 
told him that he needed to weigh fifty pounds more 
than he then did to sustain that great brain, and in 
order to do this he must stop studying for a year at 
least, and advised him to engage in the profession of 
architecture, and the business of house-building. He 
said that this was a wonderful snub to him, but that he 
followed our advice, and his health and vigor increased 
until he went from 150 to 200 lbs. ; and, with a pleasant 
twinkle in his eye, he said that he enjoyed the business 
thoroughly, and had made himself independent by its 
pursuit : had increased his bodily weight and vitality, 
so that his great brain had body enough to support it — 
that he had enjoyed health, and felt that he was now har- 
moniously developed. 

His literary culture qualifies him to move in the best 
society, and he surrounds himself with men of intellect 
and polish. He believes to-day, that if he had entered 
the law or the ministry, and devoted himself to brain- 
work solely, he would have been a wreck years ago, if 
he had not gone to the grave. 

There are precocious children, precocious young men, 
and not a few precocious girls and young women, 
whose lives are rendered miserable or utterly blasted 
because of their over-excitability of brain, and deficient 
physical development. 

Parents having boys or girls who are inclined to ex- 
tra brain development should see to it that their cnil- 
dren have something to do in the way of work or 
amusing play, which will invite nourishment to the 
muscles, and build up the frame and the vital organs. 



260 A Bad Man made Good. 

I never deliver a course of lectures anywhere that I do 
not meet a number of large-headed, excitable and sensi- 
tive children, and always entertain the feeling that if I 
can save some of them to the community, to their par- 
ents and to themselves, my time and labor are not 
wasted. 

BREAD UPON THE WATERS A BAD MAN MADE GOOD. 

If the theory of the conservation of forces be sound 
in morals as in physics, it is a consolation to be thus as- 
sured that every good word and work shall sometime 
bring its reward. 

Occasionally a man calls upon us at our office, with 
streaks of gray in his hair, and the lines of time and 
care on his forehead, and tells us how, thirty years ago, 
we gave him, in a phrenological examination, some 
sound advice, direction and encouragement, that saved 
him from a course of life that was wasting his wealth, 
and demoralizing his mind and character, and he frank- 
ly tells us our words made a man of him. 

One such man s.dd to us : " You don't remember 
me, but I never can forget you. Fifteen years ago I 
strolled into your office, a wild, reckless boy of eighteen, 
a slave to the use of tobacco and whisky, and nearly 
every other vice known to idle young fellows who run 
wild on the streets. It just struck my fancy to see 
what you would say of me. Among the points which 
I remember, you told me I should quit the use of stim- 
ulants and tobacco, engage in some honorable trade or 
business, give up associating with reckless company, at- 
tend the night-school, attend church, and connect myself 
with its Sunday-school, and yield myself to the instruc- 



A Real Convert. 261 

tions thus available, and with my talents I could become 
a useful and successful man ; but if I kept on in my 
reckless course, I would soon go to the dogs, a disgrace 
to myself and friends. I did not give my »ame, but I 
gave heed to your severe, yet true words. On my way 
home I threw away my tobacco, and for the first time 
in months I stayed in the house during the evening. 
The next morning being Sunday, I did the best I could 
to make my shabby clothes look decent, and entered 
the nearest church. Everything looked clean and 
respectable — the music, the prayers and the sermon 
seemed to say. ' There is something better for you than 
the vicious and vagabond life you are leading — stay 
with us and become a man.' After service I stayed to 
Sunday-school; the superintendent, with a hard, sus- 
picious look, came and told me, ' This is a Sunday- 
school? He seemed to know me for a i rough,' that I 
was there with no good purpose ; but when I said, 
4 Yes, I know it, and want to join,' his eyes became 
moist, and his voice was half choked with surprise and 
tenderness. He led me to his class, and from that day 
to this I have been absent scarcely a day," and lifting 
himself to his full height, he added with emotion, u I 
am a member of that church, I am superintendent of 
that Sunday-school, I have a wife and two nice chil- 
dren, am worth $15,000, and am a respectable man ; 
and, sir, I owe it all to you, who told me plainly what 
to do, and how to do it." 

There are hundreds who could tell similar stories of 
benefit, in as many different ways as there are persons. 
In most cases they "go on their way rejoicing," and do 
not return to report.. 



262 Rough Kindness — A Struggle for Life. 

ROUGH KINDNESS — A STRUGGLE FOR LIFE. 

Some years ago the steamship Central America 
foundered of! the Florida coast, and many passengers 
were saved by boats from another ship, while strug- 
gling in the sea. The day the news came to JSTew 
York by the ship that picked up so many of the Cen- 
tral America's passengers, a quiet man came in for an 
examination, and among other things, I told him : 
"You are generous and kind-hearted; anxious to do 
good, but you have so much Firmness and Combative- 
ness, combined with a strong Motive Temperament, 
that you are rough in your mode of manifesting kind- 
ness. For instance, if you had been engaged in the 
work of saving the lives of the Central America's pas- 
sengers, you would have hauled a man in by the hair 
of his head, if that were the most available way to 
rescue him." 

He gave a hearty and generous, but rough chuckle, 
as he said : " I was engaged in that very work, and it 
was just as you say. I saw a man rising to the surface 
alongside of my boat. His hair was very long, and I 
grabbed him by it, and got him half-way into the boat, 
and he cried out piteously, ' Let go, let go,' and I did 
let go, and he went down. In a short time he came 
up again, his long soft hair parting nicely by the action 
of the water, as he rose to the surface. I again seized 
him by the hair (for he had on only a knit under-shirt 
and drawers), and this time he did not say ' Let go,' for 
he was too much exhausted, and I hauled him on board, 
and so I managed to save him." 

Thousands of people love their children and friends, 
are kind in spirit, but they have a hard, uncouth, rough 



Lovers of Home and of Land. 263 

way of treating them, and though they mean well, 
their manners are offensive, and they are unfit to 
deal with the sick, sensitive, or delicate. Some are re- 
fined and gentle, but have no heart, no geniality or 
affection. Some are loving, kind, tender, and strong 
without being rough. Evermore give us the latter. 

LOVERS OF nOME AND ESPECIALLY OF LAND. 

The love of home is stronger in the cat than its love 
of friends, hence she stays by the house and lets family 
after family move away. No doubt she regrets the de- 
parture of the friends to some extent, but the home she 
will not quit. 

The dog, on the contrary, loves friends better than he 
loves home, and when the family moves, he takes pre- 
cious good care not to be shut into the house and left 
behind, and he will move every month or every day, 
adhering fondly and loyally to the friends, regretting, 
doubtless, to some extent, departure from the place. 

Some people in their love of home resemble the cat, 
and in their love of friends may also resemble the dog, 
and they are especially fond of owning land. They 
like to have mortgages on land as security for loans ; 
they buy a house and grounds so soon as they are able ; 
many farmers seem to want all the land that joins theirs, 
though it may have to lie waste for want of time and 
means to cultivate it. 

In examining the head of a young lady from Free- 
hold, N. J., I told her she loved home so well she would 
want the deed of the homestead, and would like to 
keep the old place in the family; that she would be 
proud of having land that had long been in the family. 



264: Talent Disguised— " A Singed Cat." 

She brightened up, and waited for a chance to say: 
" That is true. My father now lives on a farm on 
which oar ancestors have lived in unbroken succession, 
from the time it was first bought by them from the In- 
dians, and we hold it by a deed from the old chief who 
sold it to us" 

I shook hands with her in enthusiastic sympathy 
with the spirit of loyalty to home which her statement 
evinced. Patriotism is derived from Inhabitiveness. 



The " American Institute of Phrenology," in its 
session of 1881, had a most studious and intelligent 
class. In order to give illustrations for the benefit 
of the students, and to give them practice in the exam- 
ination of heads, they go on the street or adjacent park 
and invite persons to come into the class for that pur- 
pose. In a group of half a dozen men, thus invited to 
the class-room, there was a tall, bony man, with a head 
measuring 23 inches in circumference, which is large. 
He was roughly dressed and looked tanned by wind 
and sun. He showed by his development that he had 
a very superior intellect and uncommon mechanical 
talent, with any amount of energy and firmness, but 
moderate self-esteem. After calling the attention of 
the students to these strong and weak points, while 
they seemed to recognize clearly all the developments, 
they did not seem to dare assign him to a position re- 
quiring more than good mechanical talent. 

I then said, " This man having a large head and 
strong body, with uncommon mechanical ability, prac- 
tical intellect, and large Firmness, ought to be at the 



Why do my Children Die Early? 265 

head of a great machine-shop with 300 men." The 
students looked up with incredulous astonishment, as if 
to ask me where I could see so much character and 
power in such a looking subject. The man replied that 
he had just come from Germany, where he had been a 
year in the hospital ; that before going home to Ger- 
many for his health he had been a foreman for Vander- 
bilt in a large machine-shop at $9 a day, and formerly 
he had been employed in like manner in the shops of 
the eminent inventor and machinist, Eoss Winans, of 
Baltimore, at $8 a day. The students thought he was 
abler than he looked, and was a kind of " Singed Cat." 



CHAPTER XXV. 

WHY DO MY CHILDREN DIE EARLY? ANSWER TO A 

MOTHER'S QUESTIONS. 

When it is remembered that not one-half of the 
children in our country reach the age" of twenty, and 
that a great proportion of this immense loss occurs be- 
fore the first three years are completed, a serious ques- 
tion arises : How man, organized as he is for power and 
endurance, should seem to be subject to such early 
mortality? There is scarcely an animal in existence 
that can endure labor and hardship with man. Few 
horses can travel as far, yet probably ninety-eight hun- 
dredths of the colts, accidents excepted, reach maturity, 
especially if left to 'their own choice of home and food 
in the wild regions of the earth. Men subjugate horses 



266 Answer to a Mother's Question. 

to their will, feed them in an unnatural way, overwork 
them, especially those that are fast, and thereby pro- 
duce in them lameness and disease, and, of course, 
early decay. 

Our idea is this, that the Creator has taken quite as 
much pains in the organization of man as He has in the 
structure of the lower animals, and that the vital power 
in human beings is also equal to that of any of the lower 
animals ; therefore, if not one man in fifty attains to 
ripe old age, and we believe the average is not half as 
high as it ought to be, and that all the children born of 
healthy parents ought to be raised, of course accidents 
excepted, there must be something in the adminis- 
tration or management of children that tends to shorten 
life among the little ones. 

In the estimation of some people, society has greater 
claims upon the mother, than have the laws of mother- 
hood. With many people, children are regarded as a 
burden and an inconvenience, an unwelcome imposition, 
and where there is this mental repugnance on the part 
of parents, the little one sutfers from it, and is likely 
to be born in a weak as well as an unwelcome state. 
But where this feeling does not exist, there is so little 
physiological knowledge possessed by . parents that 
children, if favorably born, are badly managed ; they 
are kept in rooms that are too warm and ill ventilated, 
are bundled up too much the first year, and they are 
tossed in arms and rocked in a cradle till their nervous 
systems are wrecked, and they are pushed and petted, 
and the brain is kept at fever heat with excitement ; 
and when they are large enough to walk about, French 
fashions must dress them so thinly on the legs and feet 



Wjrong Feeding of Children. 267 

that the blood is chilled if it attempts to make an ex- 
cursion to the feet. The blood is thus thrown back 
upon the brain, rendering the child liable to brain 
fever, croup, diphtheria, and a difficult teething. 

Another important point is the wrong method of 
feeding children. They are permitted to eat cake, 
candy, sugar, and sometimes they are allowed to use 
tea and coffee. The whole system of the diet of chil- 
dren is wrong. Sometimes they are fed on the deli- 
cate articles called farina, corn-starch, tapioca, sweetened 
puddings, or crackers and milk. Now the superfine 
flour of the crackers, the carbonaceous, heating material 
of the tapioca, cake, sugar, butter, and the like, are not 
adapted to develop anybody. They do not contain the 
elements which the system requires for its growth. 
We cite the methods of the Scotch and Irish more to 
prove the principle than to advise a strict repetition of 
their methods ; but when it is known that the great 
mass of the laboring population in Ireland are fed on 
potatoes, oatmeal and milk, that butter, sugar, fine 
flour, fat meats, and the whole realm of pastry do not 
enter into their diet at all, and that as a result there are 
commonly families of eight, nine, and ten children, 
ruddy and healthy, not a link in the chain broken, with 
constitutions adapted for enduring labor and hardship ; 
while children fed as they are in the United States, 
have thin features, large heads, flat chests, light limbs, 
and they are nervous and excitable, with precocious 
mental development. Need we wonder that early 
death should thin the ranks? While Ireland is peo- 
pling the world with her healthy and numerous children, 
American families, especially in the region of cities, 



268 Right Food fob Children - . 

average less than two children to a family. We culti- 
vate the brain and fail to cultivate the body. We are 
absolutely running out ! 

Mothers should understand that the superfine flour in 
any form, of which most of the bread is now made, if 
exclusively used as a diet, will starve children to death 
— for it can not make brain, bone, or muscle ; and that 
if we make cake of fine flour, butter, and sugar, we do 
not improve the case at all. That is not the food on 
which to raise children, and the sooner mothers under- 
stand it the better. When a child is a year old, cow's 
milk of the best kind would be ample food for it. But 
if wheatmeal or oatmeal made into bread or mush 
could be used with the milk there would be two articles 
of perfect food. Children like fruit, and we believe if 
they have the opportunity of eating cooked fruit, say 
stewed apples, with their Graham bread or oatmeal and 
milk, it would be a pleasant and profitable addition to 
the diet. Potatoes, peas, beans, eggs, fish ; for a change, 
meat soups with the greasy matter excluded, and lean 
meat in moderate quantities, say after a child is five 
years old, may be serviceable. This kind of diet would 
also be better for the parents. We would be glad to 
see such a reform in cookery and table habits. If 
parents would thus eat properly they would be in a 
better condition to impart health and vigor to their 
children. The truth is, that American children are 
badly born. The parents are steeped to the lips in 
coffee, tea, spices, tobacco, alcoholic drinks ; they are 
overheated by the use of fine flour, butter, sugar, and, 
we may add, by the excitement of politics and business, 
until the nervous systems of the Americans are exasper- 



Old-Time large Families. 269 

ated to an almost unbearable pitch, and therefore the 
children do not inherit good conditions. Then being 
wrongly fed and clothed, they die early. Of course our 
climate is sharp, exciting, and to some extent irritating 
to the nervous system ; but a hundred years ago, when 
all the people were deyoted to industrial occupations, 
when the women spun and woye the cloth, and the men 
cleared the land of forests and tilled the fields, a dozen 
healthy sons and daughters in a family was not a strange 
thing, and a whole school district in the country would 
present from six to twelye healthy children to a 
family. The writer's grandfather had thirteen children 
who attained to maturity, the eldest dying at twenty- 
one, of consumption, contracted by exposure, all the 
rest living till the youngest was forty-seven. The 
writer's parents had ten, one dying at the age of six 
weeks, from whooping cough, all the remainder being 
alive till the youngest was forty-four. These facts pre- 
sent a sample of past time, but the children in none of 
the families of his brothers and sisters approximate in 
number to the old stock, and the same is true in many 
other families, in fact, the majority — for in this country 
at the present time, a large family is looked upon as a 
matter of surprise ; people even ridicule it, and it is re- 
garded as particularly undesirable. 

But as long as children are fed and clothed as they 
now are, there is no very great liability of any large 
families being raised, even if born ; and as long as the 
present habits of eating, drinking, dressing, and the 
excitement incident to our present methods of educa- 
tion, which stimulates the ambition to become rich and 
scale the steeps of political and social distinction, re- 



270 You don't Tell our Faults. 

main among the people, there is no probability of large 
families being born, or of their living if born. 



It is sometimes said by those who are examined 
phrenologically, " You don't tell our faults." There 
are two ways of looking at this point. If we state the 
real facts of character in words which are dignified and 
calm, persons may feel that we have not been as severe 
as the truth requires. If the same ideas were given in . 
the rough language of the angry scold, it would seem 
severe enough, more especially to people of culture. 

Some twenty years ago, a middle-aged gentleman 
brought to our office a young lady about nineteen or 
twenty years of age, and asked me to describe her char- 
acter. After a description in detail,. in summing up 
her character, I said : " You have excessive Firmness, 
Self-esteem, and Combativeness, and deficient Cautious- 
ness, Yeneration, and Secretiveness ; hence you are 
wanting in prudence and circumspection, are too un- 
bending when you determine to do anything, are 
likely to take offense if opposed, and go to any length 
against advice to carry out your plans and vindicate 
your independence ; and you have too little respect for 
constituted authority." I then asked her if she had 
any questions. She replied, " Yes. What do you 
think of me, anyway ?" I replied, " Do you want it 
plain? " " Yes, I want it plain." I then said calmly, 
" You are headstrong, contrary, self-willed, disobedient, 
saucy, rash in action, defying consequences, and in- 
clined to be unruly and quarrelsome. Is that plain 
enough ? " " Yes, that will do." 



An Elopement and its Consequences. 271 

Half an hour later the gentleman returned with a 
quiet smile on his face, and proceeded to state, that a 
few months previously, a young man, a stranger, taught 
a singing-school in a town in a neighboring State. 
where the young lady lived, and was in the habit of of- 
fering escort home to one young lady after another, at 
the close of his evening schools. Finally he escorted 
this lady home, and her father and brother made a 
warm time about it. The girl plainly told them " he 
was a nice man, other girls accepted his attentions, and 
she would do it if she pleased, and they might say 
what they would." 

Opposition to such a girl only increases the difficulty, 
and when the term of school was out, they eloped to 
New York. Under pretence of bringing a minister he 
visited a costume vendor, procured imitation clerical 
vestments and a prayer-book and an accomplice to of- 
ficiate, and the poor girl thought she was properly 
married. They boarded a month or two in New York, 
and one day as they were walking on Broadway, they 
met a man who cordially accosted the teacher and told 
him he " saw his wife and children in New Jersey yes- 
terday." The interview being closed, and the Jersey 
friend dismissed, they walked on in silence to a 
corner cigar-store, when he said, " Mary, I want a cigar, 
Wait a moment here till I step in and get one." lie 
went in by the front door and out at a side door, and she 
has not since seen him. She wrote to her father, say- 
ing she had no money and owed for a week's board. 
The gentleman who brought the girl to our office, being 
a neighbor of the family, just then coming to New 
York to buy goods, was requested to find Mary, pay her 



272 A Student at Sixty-Seven. 

bill, and bring her home. He said he thought he 
would bring her in and see what Phrenology would 
say of her. She did not seem to understand strong, 
respectful, dignified language, but that which was 
rough and hardly fit for cars polite, she understood and 
appreciated. She now thinks phrenologists tell the 
people their faults. 

STUDENT AT THE AGE OF SIXTY-SEVEN. 

In describing an elderly man in regard to his talent 
for study, and success in its use, I remarked : " Sir, if 
I had you back to eighteen, I would advise you to ob- 
tain all that Yale College could give you." 

He replied, "Why not now ? " 

I answered : " It is never too late to improve, and if 
you have the means to insure you the leisure, it would 
nicely and pleasantly round out your life to enter col- 
lege and graduate. And you are as well qualified to 
study with pleasure and profit now as you ever have 
been." 

" I am now," said he, " taking lessons of the best 
masters in literature and science. I should have gone 
through college as a boy, but my father died and I had 
to help my mother bring up the younger children, two 
of whom I aided to go through college. Now, having 
raised my own family of children, all of whom are 
nicely settled, and my wife having gone to her rest, 
leading me alone, and having means to do it, I am re- 
solved to get as much education and knowledge as I 
can during the remainder of my life." 

" What is your object in doing this ? " I asked. 

"lam intending to associate with gentlemen on the 



Warm versus Cold Bathing. 273 

other side of Jordan, as a want of culture has com- 
pelled me to do otherwise on this," was his curt reply. 
We shook hands on the idea and separated. 



CHAPTER XXYT. 

WARM BATHING VS. COLD BATHING. 

As we often feel obliged to give advice to sensitive 
people on the subject of bathing as well as on diet and 
other points, the views here stated, having been pre- 
pared for one, may be of service to many readers. 

One person in a hundred may be able to take a cold 
bath every morning the year around. But we doubt if 
there is one person in a million who can do this with- 
out more or less damage Jo health, especially if the 
bathing be done in the evening. 

It rarely happens in this climate that the water is 
over 65 degrees in the warmest weather, unless it be 
in some quiet place ; certainly the Croton water of New 
York, or the Ridgewood water of Brooklyn, or the 
Cochituate water of Boston, or Schuylkill water of 
Philadelphia are rarely as high as 65 degrees, while the 
human body is 98, and sometimes 100. 

With the water thirty degrees below the temperature 
of the body, the bath produces a shock and a tax on 
the system, which are not wholesome. We have known 
men who boasted that they took a cold bath every 
morning, but we never saw one of them that we would 
be willing to change places with on the score of health. 



274 Bathing Infants. 

One might take a hand bath of cold water, for the 
rubbing of the hand serves to modify the shock ; be- 
sides, a quart of water does not require so much animal 
heat to warm it as a barrel of water does in a bath-tub. 
A shower-bath of cold water is a very severe test for 
the skin of a sensitive person. We know a few men 
who do not seem to be much shocked by a cold bath, 
but when we read of men being subjected to such a 
shower-bath as is inflicted at Sing-Sing prison, and 
other similar places, and kept on until the teeth chatter 
and the lips are blue, we think that cruelty has found 
its u perfect work," and we recommend that the admin- 
istrators of such punishment be required to take a dose 
of their own medicine, and they would soon learn that 
the " cat o' nine tails,'' applied with reasonable vigor, is 
much more easily borne than a cold shower-bath. 

We want the water of a bath, even in hot weather, 
somewhat modified by warm water, so that in lying 
still in it for a minute it will feel neither cold nor 
warm. 

When the human system has been perspiring abun- 
dantly all day, it needs tepid water for the bath all the 
more. If we must take cold-water baths let us have 
them in March or October, when the pores of the skin 
are not wide open and relaxed. Bat in July and Au- 
gust we would by all means have it tempered, so that 
one could stand and dry off without the use of the 
towel and still have a good healthy circulation and no 
chill. 

BATHING INFANTS. 

Some people subject their children to more bathing 
than is wholesome, and we would not apply to them 



How Much may we Bathe. 275 

cold water, nor that which is very warm ; for a hot 
bath is as bad as a cold one, unless a person, having a 
chill, wants to promote capillary circulation and warm 
up the system. But the bathing of infants should not 
be the severe test to which many people think it their 
duty to subject them. Paralysis not unfrequently oc- 
curs from this treatment. Persons who bathe much in 
cold water acquire a rough, dry skin, and many people 
become fanatical on this subject of bathing, both for 
themselves and their children. Their idea is that every 
day of the year soap and water must be applied to all 
parts of the body. We doubt if that is necessary in 
most cases, and especially do we doubt it in persons of 
delicate health : those who have not blood enough to 
keep themselves warm, or vitality to promote the circu- 
lation after a bath. 

There is a certain natural, oily softness to the skin, 
which the frequent use of strong soap tends to remove, 
and to leave the skin dry and parched. 

If one would know what the effect of excessive ap- 
plication of water* on the skin is, let him put his hand 
in water and hold it there for an hour, doing it steadily 
every day, and he will find that the skin will become 
rough and unnatural in condition, if not absolutely- 
diseased. 

, Bathing two or three times a week is certainly enough 
for cleanliness, for a person who is not engaged in busi- 
ness which is dusty and dirty. If a person is engaged 
in such an occupation, daily bathing for the purpose of 
cleanliness is of course allowable. The parts of the 
system most exposed, such as the hands, face, n:ck, and 
in many cases the feet, if they are such as perspire free- 



276 Bathing the Head. 

ly, need abundant ablution ; but as to a daily full bath 
in cold water, we disbelieve in it in toto. 

We have mentioned water at sixty-five degrees, which 
is about as high as it runs in the summer, especially in 
public water-works, but what are we to think of it when 
it is down to thirty-live or forty ? Consider the won- 
derful difference between that and the temperature of 
the body, and what a conductor of heat water is, how 
rapidly it depreciates that of the body ! In warm cli- 
mates where the ocean and the streams are very warm, 
people bathe as a luxury and a pleasure, but in these 
sharp, frost-touched latitudes, thousands of people be- 
come martyrs to cold water. 

BATHING THE HEAD. 

We would not forego the frequent washing of the 
head. Nothing is more disgusting than dirty hair and 
scalp ; and having much to do with heads, we some- 
times find partially bald heads covered with an accu- 
mulation of dandruff, dirt, and the <£\ of the skin, and 
as it is neither ornamental nor useful, we would beg to 
suggest to elderly men especially, whose hair is some- 
what thin, to keep the head clean. They can not see 
the top of the head in a mirror, and with the moisture 
of perspiration and floating dirt, the head will become 
disgustingly dirty, and the hair being deficient or wholly 
wanting, the dirt shows plainly, and very few persons 
would ever mention it to the individual, however in- 
timate the friendship. Many an old man with a par- 
tially bald head who is scrupulously neat about the 
face, neck, ears, and nails, may have the top and back 



Boston Boy's Brain Overworked. 277 

of the head offensively and disgracefully dirty, and he 
not have the slightest idea of it. Let bald heads be 
carefully and frequently washed. 

BOSTON BOY'S BRAIN OVERWORKED. 

In 1852 a merchant of Boston, a man of talent and 
wealth, called at our office with his son partly to test 
the truth of Phrenology, and partly to learn some im- 
portant truth respecting him and his probable future. 
He requested that neither he nor his son shonld be 
questioned in any respect until after the examination 
was written and in his possession. 

The character was reported phonographically at the 
time, and was in substance as follows : 

" This young man has a brain of only average size, 
and, consequently, would fail to sustain himself in a 
sphere that requires much power and scope of mind. 
The physiological conditions are of only average strength, 
by nature, and the appearances indicate that his physi- 
cal training has been sadly neglected, and his nervous 
system, in some way, excited to a high and unnatural 
action. He never was calculated for a sphere that re- 
quires great power of organization, either mental or 
physical ; yet, with proper management, he might have 
excelled in a more ordinary sphere, to which nature 
had adapted him ; but in his present reduced condition 
of both mind and body, he would fail even then. The 
only chance for him to live long is immediate attention 
to bodily training and proper mental action. 

" He has naturally an active mind, was capable in his 
earlier days of excelling as a scholar, yet would not 
manifest so much depth of research in the more ad- 



278 Broken Down. 

vanced departments of scholarship, where profoundness 
of mind is indispensable. He has more talent for the 
sphere of scholarship as such, than for any other, yet he 
has not sufficient physical strength to bear close and 
continued application to study. He would not succeed 
either in a general business or mercantile department, 
for he has not the abilities, intellectually, or the dispo- 
sition, and would be sure to fail of success, even if cir- 
cumstances were more than commonly favorable." 

At the close of the examination we observed that the 
ambitious and affectionate father was affected to tears. 
He requested his son to leave the room, after which he 
made the following statement : 

" You have described the character and condition of 
my son with singular and wonderful accuracy in every 
particular. Would that I could have known, years ago, 
the lesson that I to-day have learned ; it would have 
saved me a world of trouble, and my son from a pre- 
mature death, which I now fear is inevitable. 

" The young man you have examined is my only son. 
As a parent I have been too ambitious, and in stim- 
ulating him to extra effort I have defeated the very ob- 
ject which I have been so anxious to secure. I have 
also a daughter, who is yet quite young. I am de- 
termined that she shall have all the advantages this 
subject affords. 

" The history of my son is as follows : At an early 
age he manifested uncommon aptness as a scholar, and 
entered college very young. Soon after, he began to 
fail both in health of body and vigor of mind, and was 
obliged to leave. I then procured an excellent situation 
for him in a mercantile sphere, but I soon learned that 



A Man worth Saving, Saved. 279 

he was not competent for the business. He became 
discouraged, and he now is in the state of mind and 
body which you have so accurately described." 

A MAN WORTH SAVING, SAVED. 

In 1851, a gentleman from Baltimore called at our 
office for examination, and took a full written description. 
I found him remarkable for nervous excitability, en- 
thusiasm, intellectual activity, and a strong disposition 
to overwork the brain. 

As a part of our physiological advice, I told him he 
must hold up in his extraordinary mental labor, and 
above all, quit the use of tobacco, in which he indulged 
to an excessive degree, and to which he was slavishly 
addicted. He said his tobacco and coffee were his life, 
and that he could not think or work without them. I 
assured him that he was deceived, and that like the 
cups of the drunkard, the very thing which he re- 
garded as his antidote was really his bane — that his 
nervous excitability was mainly caused by the tobacco ; 
and that, although to abandon tobacco might cause him 
a severe struggle for a week or two, yet, if he wished 
to live five years, and be good for anything, he must 
make the effort to throw off his vassalage to the habit. 
He left us as many a hundred other men have done, 
with a full determination to put in practice the advice 
given. 

I neither heard from nor saw the gentleman until 
April 21, 1856, when he called at the office, as he said, 
to report to us his conversion from the habit of using 
tobacco, and bis complete restoration to health. 

He remarked: "I deem it due to you and your 



280 How he Feels about it. 

science to say that you found me at death's door, and 
by your earnest advice saved me from an untimely 
grave. I am now rugged, strong, and happy, and was 
never more able to prosecute my business. My friends 
are really amazed at my improved health and appear- 
ance, yet they are hardly willing to concede such 
marvelous results to the mere refraining from the use 
of tobacco, and reforming in respect to excessive men- 
tal labor." 

This gentleman occupies a very influential position 
in society, also as a man of science, being an in- 
ventor. Moreover, he is widely known. Feeling 
rejoiced at his own salvation, and anxious for the 
redemption of others from the thralldom of evil habit, 
he proclaims to all his friends the great value of 
our Nathan-like preaching to him, as embodied in our 
examination and description of his character. 

It is not every one who puts in practice the counsel 
he hears from the pulpit, or from a good mother's lips ; 
nor do all who apply to us for examination, become re- 
claimed from their errors by means of our advice ; yet, 
the many hundreds who do reform are an encourage- 
ment to us to toil for the human race, bearing with 
patience the sneers and reproaches of bigots and unin- 
formed conservatives, who gravely affect to doubt the 
utility of Phrenology, even though it be proved true 
as a science. 

Many come to us " out of mere curiosity," to hear 
what we will say of them, who become converted to the 
truth of Phrenology, and reformed by it, and ever 
after are its ardent advocates and firm supporters. 
Phrenology is neither dead nor drooping, but is surely 



Mutiny on the Ship " Dreadnaught." 281 

finding its way into pulpits, school-rooms, and nurseries ; 
not only in the palaces of learning, wealth, and fashion, 
but in the log-cabin of the hardy pioneer, toward the 
setting sun. 



CHAPTEK XXVII. 

CAPT. SAMUELS — MASTER OF MUTINY ON THE SHIP 
U DREADNAUGHT." 

In the autumn of 1859 there arrived in ~New York 
the clipper ship Dreadnaught, Oapt. Samuels, from 
Liverpool, with 253 passengers, a crew of thirty men, 
six boys and five officers. On mustering his crew, 
Capt. Samuels saw he had the basest material to deal 
with. He cautioned his officers to be prudent in the 
management of such dangerous elements ; to treat 
them kindly, but to exact prompt and implicit obedi- 
ence. It was evident the crew intended to be insubor- 
dinate, and it soon culminated. The men confronted 
the Captain with claims which he could not allow, and 
they refused obedience, and he stopped their food. 
The men collected in a body with knives, all urging 
each other forward to desperate deeds, and the Captain 
confronted them with revolvers, and said : " Death to 
the first man that advances. I am master of this 
ship, and while I live will be here obeyed. I demand 
of you that you throw overboard those knives, and 
then go to your duty." After a long and fearful par- 
ley, in which they threatened the Captain with death, 
one burly fellow said : u Shipmates, there goes my 



282 How he Conquered. 

knife"; and one after another the knives were all 
tossed overboard. " Now, Captain, our knives are over- 
board, will yon give us ' watch-and- watch ' ? " 

" No, men ! there is where we started. I will be 
obeyed ; you shall not have watch-and-watch again on 
board this ship." 

The Captain walked aft, and called out for all hands 
to " haul taut." 

The men did not come creeping, but they came on 
the run, and pulled with a will, and from then to their 
landing at the dock in New York, no crew ever be- 
haved better, and though they had risked their liberty 
and their necks, he forgave them, and they said on 
parting, when the voyage was done, "If any man 
dared to say anything against the Dreadnaught and 
her captain, that they would tear his heart out, and 
that they would sail with Captain Samuels to the ends 
of the earth." 

This account, here very much abridged, appeared in 
the morning papers in New York, and, of course, I read 
it and was full of the theme. Two days after this a 
friend of the Captain came into our office, and requested 
me to make an examination of "this gentleman and write 
it out." The request was presented, as they are made 
every day. I had never seen him or his likeness or 
even a description ; had only read what he had done, 
and the result, and of course had no idea who the man 
was. The whole description which I gave is published 
in the November Number of the Phrenological 
Journal for 1859, together with the portrait. 

We give an abstract of the description in the words 
then uttered and taken down by shorthand, as follows : 



Examination of Capt. Samuels. 283 

"You have a strongly-marked vital temperament. 
You have a good body, which manufactures blood and 
nourishment for the brain and for labor rapidly. Your 
Combativeness is sharp and fully developed, which in- 
dicates courage and promptness of action, a disposition 
to meet and master difficulty and to repel assault and 
aggression. 

" Your Destructiveness makes you thorough, but not 
cruel. Your Seeretiveness is not large — you are a 
frank, open - hearted man, disposed to speak your 
thoughts and act out your purposes without a great 
deal of concealment or deception. You are more apt 
to be blunt than you are to be too reserved. 

" You are known for your independence, for a disposi- 
tion to make your mark in your own way. You dis- 
like to be subjected to dictation and restraint from any 
quarter. You can be persuaded more easily than driven. 
Your pride of character, your firmness of purpose, in- 
dependence, and energy qualify you to take a controll- 
ing place in society, and to lead off in business ; to be 
master of your own affairs and to superintend the affairs 
of others. You would do well as a public officer, as a 
mayor, legislator, justice of the peace, register of deeds, 
or sheriff. You are not only able to look after the 
ordinary affairs of your own business and life, but you 
can understand and direct public affairs well. 

Your mind is sharp, ready, prompt, and positive, and 
yoor feelings lead you to independence of action. 

You aim to do what is honest and fair, and especially 
that which is manly and honorable. You judge well 
of character, and rarely make a mistake in your first 
opinion of strangers. You have a faculty for manag- 



284 A Master Anywhere. 

ing men and controlling their dispositions, either in 
public bodies, or in a private capacity. You might 
preside over a stormy convention, or, as one of the 
speakers, govern your side, and mollify the other. In 
other words, you understand the motives and disposi- 
tions of men well, and rarely meet a stranger that you 
do not decide about how to manage him. 

" Tou could conduct a large business which was full of 
details, and which required personal attention all about 
the establishment,. You are quick to see when any- 
thing is going wrong, or being improperly managed. 
You would look after the waste, and wear, and loss, 
and see that every person was working to advantage 
and had the right material to work with. You can 
bring ' order out of chaos,' and keep your business 
so that you can understand it, though to others it may 
seem mixed up. 

u You have talent for talking, and had you been 
trained to a profession requiring public speaking, you 
would have succeeded well. As a lawyer, for example, 
you could carry all the facts in your mind and apply 
them to the case pertinently, and you would generally 
be able to carry your point where the chances were 
equal. You have the magnetism which would sway a 
jury and conciliate the court. You would do well as a 
superintendent of a railroad, or contractor for con- 
structing roads, bridges, buildings, and the like. You 
can hardly content yourself to be narrowed down to a 
single channel of prescribed duty and effort. You 
want elbow-room, and can make business for yourself. 
If you were thrown out of everything you had ever 
done, to-day, in three months you would have found 



" The Eleven Obstinate Jurymen." 285 

out something you could prosecute with success and 
respectability. 

" You are known for social power, for bravery, and 
thoroughness, far independence and will-power, for 
respect, for power of criticism, for practical judgment, 
and for an independent, frank cast of mind and charac- 
ter. You are distinguished for your courage and self- 
reliance, and had you been the commander of the ship 
Dreadnaught, which arrived at this port three days ago, 
you would have pursued much the same course with 
the mutineers as did Capt. Samuels. 

"Subject. — I am Capt. Samuels himself. 

"Examiner. — Ah ! I am sorry you mentioned it just 
yet, but since you have done so, 1 will say no more." 



The amusing hits are so numerous in Phrenological 
examinations that I am tempted to relate one which 
occurred to-day, May 27, 1882. 

I told a gentleman that his reasoning powers were 
such that, when the facts were all in, he would be quick 
and clear, and (having immense Firmness and Self- 
esteem) very positive in his verdict, and if on a jury 
he would most likely stand alone against "eleven ob- 
stinate men," and the chances would be that he would 
be the foreman and bring them all over to his way of 
thinking. 

At the close, he remarked that he was recently on a 
jury in the United States Court, and the Judge sent 
the Sheriff to the jury-box to ask him his name, and 
then appointed him foreman, which in that court is the 
custom. 



286 Young Children Examined. 

The case was a capital offense, and when the first 
vote was cast, eleven voted for acquittal, and he, the 
foreman, voted for conviction. They commenced to 
discuss the case, and found that the eleven understood 
the Court to have ruled in a particular way on one 
point, while the foreman understood the ruling just the 
opposite. The foreman requested the jury to enter the 
court and ask the Judge as to the ruling in question, 
and he decided that the ruling was as the foreman had 
understood it. The jury retired, and gave an unani- 
mous verdict with the foreman ; and the man was exe- 
cuted according to law. 

YOUNG CHILDREN EXAMINED. 

Every day some impulsive mother will say to us, "I 
have a little boy or girl five or six years old whom I 
intend to bring in to have examined when a few years 
older. I suppose you can't tell much about a child 
until their organs are more fully developed/' 

Our reply is, " The mental developments of children 
five or six years of age show us conclusively what may 
be expected of them at twelve and twenty." ■ 

I remember an instance at the close of the examina- 
tion of a little girl. The mother said : " I hardly know 
what to think of your description. Several points 
which you make are very correct, but the most of it I 
have not yet seen. I can not say it is not true. This 
is certain, you have described her father's disposition to 
the letter. And as you say she resembles him, it may 
all prove to be true." 

Could better evidence be given that my description 
was correct ? Could there be a better test of the value 



Benefit of Phrenology to a Dutch Farmer. 287 

of early examination ? If a child can be rightly guided 
for the first ten years, the future is in great measure 
assured. 

BENEFIT OF PHRENOLOGY TO A DUTCH FARMER. 

It is often said that Phrenology may do very well 
for professional men, and those who have much to do 
with mankind, as teachers, merchants, lawyers, etc., but 
for common people who live quietly, and for the most 
part by themselves, it can be of no earthly use. One 
might as well affirm that if a person were not intend- 
ing to be an accountant, there was no use in under- 
standing arithmetic ; or, if he were not to be a traveler 
or navigator, it were a waste of time to study 
geography. 

An illustration of the value of Phrenology has been 
brought to our notice by a Dutch farmer from Penn- 
sylvania. He had an examination by us, and the de- 
scription written out in full. In this we told him his 
judgment in business matters was good, and if he 
would act at once when his intellect had decided on a 
course of action, he would be successful; but if he 
waited until his very large Cautiousness had time to 
conjure up dangers and difficulties, he would be afraid 
to act until the favorable opportunity had passed. 
Two years after, he brought in his son, a year later his 
second son, each having from us a full written character. 
On paying for the last, he remarked that my exami- 
nation of his own head' had been of great benefit 
to him, in urging him forward to take more risks and 
act more quickly in business. He stated that just be- 
fore his examination he was offered a lot of land at 



288 Man who always " Joined Issue." 

$90 an acre, but he decided Dot to take it, but that he 
has since paid for the same lot $125 an acre, a sum 
§2,300 greater than it was offered to him for, and urged 
upon him, but a short time before. He made a good 
bargain at the last, and might have saved the $2,300 if 
he bad acted up to the dictates of his judgment. He 
stated further, that he now remembered our advice 
and followed his judgment, and bougbt and sold 
property as his intellect directed, and that he succeeded 
far better in business than formerly, when he allowed 
his cautious after-thought to rule. 

"I never," said he, "paid out money to better ad- 
wantage than that which I have paid you for Phrenologi- 
cal examinations, and I have still another son which I 
shall bring in soon." 

Only to think of a Pennsylvania farmer, who speaks 
the -English language but poorly, and whose mother, 
born in Pennsylvania, can not understand a word of 
English, coming from the vicinity of Easton to New 
York, and thus patronizing a science which his Pip Van 
Winkle neighbors would regard as too speculative and 
metaphysical to be of the slightest value to them ! 
Phrenology has the sterling merit, if practically tested, 
to convince the slow-thinking Dutch population of 
Pennsylvania or [New York, of its great importance, as 
this and other instances attest. 

MAN WHO ALWAYS 

I was examining a man on the platform at a public 
lecture in New York, and remarked that he was dis- 
tinguished for his tendency to combat everything that 



Intuition — Snap- Judgments Best. 289 

opposed him, and it mattered but little what might be 
maintained by another, he would be very likely to take 
up on the opposite side, and that when any question was 
introduced where he was, there was never any trouble 
in getting a man to debate the opposite side. Affirm 
anything and he will controvert it. 

He was very restless and appeared nervous ; began 
to get red in the face, and turning half around in the 
chair, he looked up at me and said : " I must join 
issue with you on that, sir; I do not always take the 
opposite side." 

"All right," said I, "you always join issue, that is 
just what I said, and I expected you would do so now." 

The laugh that followed, showed our subject that he 
had proved our remark true by " joining issue." 



CHAPTER XXYIII. 

INTUITION SNAP- JUDGMENTS BEST INTERESTING FACTS. 

Some persons are sound in judgment, but slow in 
reaching conclusions — they have to think out every 
subject which comes before them for decision, in a 
calm, logical manner, as a brick-mason lays up the walls 
of a house, tier by tier. Others reach a conclusion in- 
stantly, by a single grasp of the mind, and their first 
judgments are their best. These are the off-hand, 
quick, business men — ready, smart, successful, apt as 
traders and speculators, feel sure they are right in 
judgment, but can't tell why. The action of their 
minds is like that of the prize pigeon shooters, who do 



290 Guessing at Weight. 

not bring the eye down to the gun barrel and take 
regular aim, but kill 47 out of a possible 50 birds, 
which are set free two at a time ; while, on the con- 
trary, in target-shooting with rifles, the experts bring 
the eye carefully and critically to the "sight-pin," and 
look and wait, and re-look for minutes, but pierce the 
bull's-eye at last. Pigeon-shooters are intuitive; 
Creed moor shooters are like the hard, logical thinkers. 

We meet these intuitive thinkers every day, and will 
state an instance or two. In dictating to a shorthand 
writer the character of a man to be written out, I said, 
" You are off-hand and intuitive in judgment, and your 
first judgment is your best. If you w r ere a cattle buyer, 
for instance, you would walk through a drove of a 
hundred oxen, and judge of the weight of each ox 
within ten pounds of his weight by the scales." 

He replied, "I can do better than that. It happens 
to be my business. I bought last week 107 oxen in less 
than 100 minutes, and I was only 450 lbs. out of the 
way on the lot, which was but 4 lbs. 3 ozs. on each, 
from the true weight. Of course, they weighed 450 
lbs. more than my estimate." And then he chuckled 
over his sharpness, not that it was anything remarkable, 
but an e very-day occurrence. 

Another man was described as possessing this intui- 
tive talent, and we told him he would "be expert in 
buying out a stock of goods damaged by fire ; that he 
would dare make a better offer than almost any man 
among his circle of acquaintances ; or he would make a 
capital adjuster of losses by fire for insurance companies. 
He replied, with a smile : "I am president of an in- 
surance company in New York; I have worked up 



Dentistry and Sculpture. 291 

from the bottom to my present position, chiefly through 
that very talent ; and I am now on my way up-towu to 
get ready to start for Chicago to-night, to adjust a loss 
by fire, in which our company and half a dozen others 
are interested. Though it is not my business now to 
do this thing, the companies insisted that if I would go 
and do the business for them they would not send out 
an agent, and thus save money for all." 

He enjoyed such exercise of his talent so well that 
occasionally he would step down from his position into 
the old line of work, like an Admiral who should lay 
aside his dignity, to show a u fore-mast hand " how to 
" reef or steer." 

DENTISTRY AND SCULPTURE. 

A few years ago I received a card of invitation to 
be present at the special exhibition of a marble bust of 
an important character, at the house of the artist in 
New York. I had no knowledge that I ever saw the 
artist, and as I had another engagement f r the even- 
ing, I concluded to go before eight o'clock, the time 
specified. I was admitted to the parlor and gave my 
name, and in a few moments the artist came rushing in 
with this welcome — " Mr. Sizer, you are the very man 
I most hoped to see here to-night." He then went on 
to say that when he first visited New York, being a 
bashful boy of eighteen, he found himself aimlessly 
looking at the busts in the front windows of the Phre- 
nological rooms of Fowler & Wells. He came in, and 
finally decided to have an examination written out, 
which made a large hole in his slender means. 

" I wanted to know," said he, " what I could best 



292 Richest Kind of Pat. 

follow, and you told me I would succeed as a dentist, 
and also as a sculptor. I never had thought of pursuing 
either. After I left the office I stood a few moments 
on the crowded thoroughfare, and resolved then and 
there that I would learn dentistry. I looked up a place, 
learned the business, have succeeded ; and when I had 
acquired property so that I could spare the time, I took 
up sculpture, and here is some of my work." 

He then turned up the light and showed me a grand 
head of the best character in human history. 

" I owe it all to you," said he. " I had no idea of 
ever studying dentistry or art, and might have followed 
the plbw or entered upon some other more muscular 
pursuit. I accepted your unexpected advice, and hav- 
ing had my life elevated and broadened, I am satisfied, 
happy, and thankful." 

About that time others came in, and I bade the doc- 
tor good-night. This visit and reception was a pleasant 
surprise to me, for I went as a stranger, diffident and 
doubtful, and thought chiefly of the awkwardness of 
introducing myself. But he soon settled that. That 
was ten years ago ; but the doctor drops in occasionally, 
as he passes our office, and renews his thanks. 

Thus bread cast upon the waters occasionally comes 
floating back, freighted with measureless benediction, 
and this, to those who work to do good, is a grand 
benefaction, but we doubt not that the unknown whose 
paths have been brightened by human science are ten- 
fold more numerous — to be revealed when we shall 
know as we are known. History will ever repeat itself. 
We remember a record which inquires, " Were not ten 
cleansed, but where are the nine ? " 
• 



Jealousy Nipped in the Bud. 293 



HE DID NOT OWN HIS CHILD. 

A man and his wife did not harmonize. He had a 
very excitable temperament and an extremely uneven 
head ; immense Firmness and Self-esteem ; large Se- 
cret]' veness, Acquisitiveness, Constructiveness, and very 
large perceptive organs. These gave him a jealous, 
critical, dogmatic, and determined character. He had 
low Conscientiousness, Veneration, and Spirituality, 
hence his motives were influenced by selfish considera- 
tions. 

His wife had very strong Firmness and Conscien- 
tiousness, and a good moral nature, as a whole. She 
had good sense, and though strong in her temper when 
aroused, she was pretty even in the general action of 
her mind and character ; and while he would fret and 
find fault, she would move on, annoyed, of course, but 
not often ruffled by his cranky and vexatious conduct. 
Because she could be comparatively cool under his 
jealous but false accusations, he inferred from that fact 
that she must be guilty of anything he might choose to 
charge her with. 

They had often talked of separation, and got their 
affairs in readiness, when something would occur to 
change his mind, and they would go on again for a few 
months. Under such conditions they attended a course 
of my lectures at the University of the City of New 
York, and came to the conclusion that perhaps I might 
help them to solve their difficulties, and show them 
what to do, and what to refrain from doing, to find and 
follow the path of peace. 

Accordingly I was sent for to visit their home, and 



294 He did not own His Child. 

was plainly told by him in her presence how they did 
not agree, and he requested that I would make a care- 
ful examination of each head, and tell them where the 
difficulty originated. I saw by his excitable constitu- 
tion and uneven mental development that no person 
with less wisdom than Solomon, or less patience than 
Job, would be likely to avoid disagreement if brought 
in contact with him. She had stability, dignity, calm 
courage, and good moral power, which could not toler- 
ate his peculiar traits of character, and I finally said : 
" If you can not rise above your present state of disa- 
greement, you had better separate." 

He replied promptly, " That is what we want to do — * 
exactly that, but there is an impediment. We have 
two children, or rather my wife has ; I do not claim 
but one of them." 

I replied, " That changes the question. If you have 
children, separation will be attended with difficulties I 
did not think of. Suppose you call in the children and 
let me see them." 

He stepped to another room and brought them in. 
I ran my hands over their heads, and said of the eldest, 
a little girl, perhaps six years old, " This is a ' chip of 
the old block.' I could pick her out as yours, from five 
hundred children, in the dark, solely from the marked 
similarity of her head to yours." I called his atten- 
tion to the difference in the form of the heads of the 
two girls, and remarked, " This child at least should 
give you no doubt." 

" But this is the very one I have had doubts about, 
but I do not know what I can say now." 

Thinking the affair was getting interesting, I turned 



A Woman Shoemaker. 295 

to see how the wife took it, and there she sat, convulsed 
with silent laughter, the tears meantime flooding her 
cheeks. 

We did not discuss the heredity of the second child. 
They concluded to tolerate each, other a little longer. 
I blocked his game of jealousy, and she had no en- 
mities to foster, no other grievances to nurse but such 
as his angular spirit could hardly fail to awaken. 

A WOMAN SHOEMAKER. 

A man and his wife, about thirty-five years of age, 
called for examination. In describing the woman, I 
said : c< You have such mechanical talent and enter- 
prise, that you would undertake anything from the 
planning of a house to the building of a mouse-trap. 
In fact, if you were on the frontier, in Kansas or Ne- 
braska, and had need of shoes and could not go where 
they are made or sold, you would sit down and make a 
pair for a child and then for yourself, and do it well. 
You would take an old shoe to pieces and thus learn 
how to put a new one together." The husband, who 
sat listening, laughed heartily, as he said, " You have 
hit that right. We live in Kansas, and the children 
got out of shoes, and she went to work, as you say, 
took an old shoe to pieces, and thus saw how to make a 
shoe. She made a pair for each of the children, and 
she has thus become a good shoemaker ; and not only 
makes for the children, but for herself also." 

TRADES SELECTED FOR BOYS. 

"I am from Paterson, sir; you will remember I 
brought to you my three elder boys, and you selected 



296 A Sharp Tkial and Triumph. 

for each of them the trade he was best fitted for, and 
they are thriving at them nicely, and say they could 
not and would not change trades on any account. They 
often talk about it, and each boasts over the other that 
he has the best trade of the lot. Now I have brought 
this one, and I shall put him to the trade you say he is 
best adapted to. I believe you know about it, for you 
have placed the other three so well, and the trades are 
so different ; only think one is a jeweler, one is a 
butcher, and the other is a carpenter. I have one more 
besides this, and I shall bring him when he is old" 
enough to put to business." 

And this is not the only family who is doing a simi- 
lar thing, and such work serves to keep us up to a sense 
of our responsibility. 

A SHARP TRIAL AND TRIUMPH. 

Six men and their wives, in Brooklyn, were excellent 
friends, and visited little among other families. They 
met once a fortnight at each other's houses alternately, 
and dined and spent the evening. When a lecture, a 
concert, or a theatre was to be attended, twelve re- 
served seats were bought, and thus they heard and saw 
the same things together. 

When visiting at each other's houses, one would read, 
taking turns with others, some interesting book, while 
the rest listened ; thus they all got the same culture. 
What one knew they all knew of bcoks, music, 
lectures, etc. 

One of the women was a great admirer of Phre- 
nology, and her friends used to rally her on the sub- 
ject. She finally said, " Go to Fowler & Wells, one at 



A Natural Merchant Seven Years Old. 297 

a time, on different days, take the seat, and say to Mr. 
Sizer, the Examiner, ' I want a full written description 
of character,' and say no more. When he asks your name 
at the close, to write it in your chart, give something 
by which to identify the description — such as X. Y. Z., 
or 20, 40, anything — but give no name. When they 
are all completed, if I can not tell by reading them 
through once, which character belongs to each of you 
six men, I will pay to you the amount of the entire bill." 
When they were finished, the lady was visiting in 
Philadelphia. The characters were packed up and sent 
to her ; she read them once, and sent back the parcel 
with the names correctly. The wife of one of the 
other men was tested in the same way, and by reading 
the characters twice, she assigned each description to 
the proper owner. 

A NATURAL MERCHANT SEVEN YEARS OLD. 

In Trenton, K. J., in 1868, while delivering a course 
of lectures there, a wealthy lady brought in her seven- 
year-old boy for examination. I told her he had just 
the right kind of head for a merchant or banker ; that 
he would collect and save anything which would sell 
for a cent, and then bank his money, and have it ready 
for any profitable venture. He had large Acquisitive- 
ness and Secretiveness, good practical judgment, and 
great Hope, Energy, and Ambition. The mother then 
said he gathered old iron, bits of rope, and anything a 
junk-dealer would, buy. In that way he managed to 
accumulate eighty-one cents, which, unknown to her, 
he took to a savings bank and opened an account, and 
brought home his bank-book. Said the mother, " I 
i3* 



298 A Fit Partnership. 

regretted I did not know when he went to open his ac- 
count, so that I could have given him some more 
money, to have made a more respectable show." 

I said, " It is right. He began his fortune without 
help, and he will need no help to carry it on to com- 
pletion." 

Some have talent for business, and are natural mer- 
chants ; some have not, but may be adapted to study or 
art, or for a mechanical trade. The right man in the 
right place secures success. 

A FIT PARTNERSHIP MEN RIGHTLY MATCHED. 

About the year 1857, a New York man called at the 
office of Fowler & Wells for a written description of 
character, and, among other things, I said to him : 
" Having a dark complexion and a large head, indi- 
cating the Motive and Mental temperaments, and a 
large, square forehead in the upper or reasoning region, 
with relatively small perceptive organs, indicated by 
deficiency of development across the brow, you are in- 
clined to study business and other subjects in an ab- 
stract and philosophical way. You are not quick and 
practical, but broad and sound ; and you are ill adapted 
to look after the particulars — the odds and ends. Your 
true place is in the counting-room, laying plans for the 
general affairs, managing finances, and having the con- 
trolling voice, but leaving the details and prompt de- 
cisions and management of the help to some one else. 
As you are very cautious, and not noisy, driving, or 
forcible, you should be related in business with a part- 
ner who has a sandy complexion, blue eyes, broad 
shoulders, a retreating forehead, with practical talent, 



Unlikeness Harmonized. 299 

great dash and energy, and much less Cautiousness than 
yourself." 

During the afternoon of the same day, another man 
called for a written examination and was toldj " You 
are full of dash and energy ; -not cautious ; require 
some one to plan for you and keep you warned of any 
danger likely to arise. He should have a square fore- 
head to devise plans, while you have the practical talent 
to carry them out. He should be dark, cool, wise, and 
prudent. He should hold the net and let you drive 
the fish into it. With such a man to lay track and 
work the brake for } 7 ou, a fortune might be made; 
while if you were alone you would require a small 
business, for in a large one you would run off the track. 
By the way, I examined this morning just the kind of 
man for you ; he lives in this city and (turning to 
register) his name is * * * * Possibly you may know 
him if you do business here." 

The man asked where he did business, and if he were 
a short, dark, square-headed man. On being replied to 
in the affirmative, he said : "I think I know him. We 
have been partners for years, and agree j ust as you say ; 
and he sent me here to see what you would say of me 
and of my business capacity, and he told me to ask 
what sort of a partner would suit me." 

Since that day the senior partner has been a good 
friend of ours, and has sent us many of his friends, 
wards, and persons desiring to be employed by him, 
and he never fails to allude to the admirable fitness of 
their partnership, which was formed by accident, but, 
fortunately, in harmony with the temperaments and 
natural mental unlikeness of the parties. 



300 The Philadelphia Office. 

CHAPTER XXIX. 

THE PHILADELPHIA OFFICE. 

In 1853 it was thought desirable to open, in Phila- 
delphia, a branch office, in which I had a partnership, 
and I removed to that city. The firm name was Fow- 
lers, Wells & Co. We had a good cabinet of busts and 
skulls, and a book store similar to those at the home 
office, but, of course, on a much smaller scale. In 1855 
O. S. Fowler retired from the firm in New York, and 
a year later I disposed of my interest in Philadelphia 
to Fowler & Wells, and returned to the New York 
office, to resume my old position as examiner and writer 
for the Journal, and Mr. John L. Capen was placed in 
the Philadelphia office, and several years subsequently 
he purchased the interest and conducted it on his own 
account. 

In Philadelphia I delivered many courses of public 
lectures, taught classes, contributed regularly to the 
Phrenological Journal, and formed many strong and 
lasting friendships, and I say it now, after twenty-six 
years of absence, that I have no truer friends than sev- 
eral of those then fortunately found, and they call on 
me whenever they pass through New York, and though 
their youthful locks have become whitened by time, 
their affection seems as fresh and more vigorous than 
at first. " City of Brotherly Love," I do not forget 
thee, for of better friends than are thy sons and daugh- 
ters no man ever yet had more cause to be fond and 
proud. 



Spare the Rod and Save the Child. 301 



SPARE THE ROD AND SAVE THE CHILD. 

I find a record of an examination made in Philadel- 
phia in 1854, and its lesson is good for any locality or 
time : 

" A little boy not four years old was brought to me 
for examination, and he was described as possessed of a 
fearless and ferocious disposition when provoked, and 
at such times very disobedient and ungovernable. We 
advised the father to use mild measures in his training, 
always to keep his own temper, and ignore the whip. 
The boy is intelligent and affectionate, very susceptible 
to superior influences, but rough treatment makes him 
excessively stubborn and reckless in his temper. 

u The father returned home after the examination and 
reported our remarks to the child's mother and grand- 
mother, who were as incredulous of the efficacy of any- 
thing but the whip for such a boy, in his terrible fits of 
anger, as it is possible for any one of our readers to be. 
The mother promised to join the father in trying the 
new method, but the grandmother wisely looked over 
her spectacles, and for the thousandth time quoted Sol- 
omon as the ' end of the law ' in domestic government. 

" In a few days the boy became angry and turbulent, 
when his mother shut him up in a chamber, as a pun- 
ishment, in lieu of a whipping. As soon as he was left 
alone, he cast about to see what he could do to vent his 
wrath, and having a hard ball in his hand, he threw it 
with all his power into the face of a mirror and shivered 
it to fragments. The women trembled for the fate of 
the boy when the father should come home. The boy 
was led to expect a severe whipping, and as soon as his 



302 Quaker Treatment. 

father returned, he bravely said to him, ' The mirror is 
broken.' 

" 'Ah ! ' said the father, ' how did that happen ? ' 

" ' Willie did it,' was the little fellow's prompt reply, 
endeavoring to face the matter as bravely as possible. 

" The father took the child gently by the hand, and 
went with him to the room and looked upon the - ruin 
he had wrought,' and inquired why he did it. 

" ' Mother had no business to shut me up where it 
was, if she did not wish me to break it,' was his reply. 

" ' I am sorry, very sorry, Willie, that you did it,' 
was all the father said, and left the room and joined 
the family. 

" 'Are you not going to whip that child for willfully 
breaking the mirror ? ' inquired the grandmother. 

" ' No, I am not.' 

" ' Then he will be ruined, utterly ! ' 

" ' He is nearly so now, and I am resolved to follow 
the advice of the Phrenologists, for a while, at least, and 
test the result,' said the father. 

u Every night for a week as they retired, and every 
morning on passing the broken mirror, the father would 
stop before it and say, ' I am sorry.' This he said and 
nothing more. 

" This worked upon the mind of Willie, and he was 
sorry too, but that did not mend the mirror. 

" Not long after, the servant-girl offended him at the 
table, and he hurled his fork at her head, which she 
dodged, and the fork passed on and broke another 
mirror. 

" ' Why, Willie,' said the father, hastily, < what did 
you do that for ? ' 



Badness Cured. 303 

" < She dodged her head, or it would not have hit the 
mirror.' 

" t But theu it would have hit her / perhaps put out 
her eyes, and that would have been worse than to break 
the mirror,' replied the father. 

" For weeks the broken mirrors were an eyesore to 
the family, but to none more so than to Willie ; the 
father sighed as he looked at them, and was sorry, and 
he was not alone in his sorrow. 

"After a time the women proposed to have new 
glasses put in. ; No,' said the father, 'I would not 
take five dollars for them as they are ; let them frown 
in their desolation a while longer.' 

"In process of time, Willie wanted some new play- 
thing bought, but the father said he must save up money 
for a long time to buy new mirrors to replace the 
broken ones. 

" Willie finally told his father that he might take all 
his money to help to buy new mirrors, for it made him 
so sorry to see them. 

" The father consented to replace them if Willie 
thought it would be possible for him to curb his anger 
so as not to break them again ; he promised and has 
kept his word. Whenever he gets angry, to say * mir- 
ror,' or point to one, works like a charm, and the whip 
from that day to this has not been used or required. 

" The parents learned an important lesson, and so did 
the child, and the father told me with tremulous voice 
and moistened eye that Phrenological light had saved 
his boy and himself a world of trouble and anxiety." 

Another entry recording work done in the " Quaker 
City" in 1854-5, seems too good to be lost. 



304 How it is Done. 



HOW IT IS DONE. 



"We have often thought, that if those who are 
skeptical in regard to the truth of Phrenology could sit 
in our office for a single week, and listen to its practical 
application in the examination of heads, their unbelief 
in respect to the science would be entirely dissipated. 
The simple philosophy of the subject will, usually, con- 
vince all, except those who are bigoted, and those who 
are too weak or too indolent to think, that Phrenology 
is not only theoretically, but practically true. But those 
telling ; hits,' which so frequently occur in examina- 
tions, are overwhelmingly convincing. Men frequent- 
ly start up in the midst of our delineations and interro- 
gate us thus : 

" i Has any person been telling you about me, sir ? ' 

"'No.' 

" ' Don't you know me ? ' 

" ' Only from your developments.' 

" ' Have you no idea who I am ? ' 

" < Not the slightest.' 

" This has been repeated three times during a single 
examination, accompanied by an apology each time for 
incredulity and the implied doubt of our candor and 
veracity. 

" ' But really,' say they, ; your description is so his- 
torical, not only in respect to the particular business in 
which I have been engaged, and my manner of conduct- 
ing it, but you have told my peculiar dispositions, in- 
cluding my faults and the hidden motives of my con- 
duct, and that with such astonishing fidelity to the life, 
that it seems impossible that you can have had no infor- 



An Episcopalian Quaker. 305 

mation relative to my character but the mere deduction 
of science.' 

" Any statement which the subject can understand 
to be an inference from his organization awakens no 
special surprise, but, often, some apparently out-of-the- 
way declaration is made by the Phrenologist, which 
does not appear to be legitimately deduced from the 
developments. This startles the hearer, and makes him 
regard the science a miracle. We profess, however, to 
be neither prophets nor seers, but aim to estimate 
the organization in all its conditions and relations, and 
to draw our inferences accordingly. Our conclusions 
are often prophetic of the future, as well as historical 
of the past ; and sometimes they are so pointedly true, in 
respect to some unusual fact or ridiculous circumstance 
of recent occurrence, that not a little amusement is the 
consequence." 

The rehearsal of a few of these may be interesting 
to the reader. 

AN EPISCOPALIAN QUAKER. 

" A few days since I was in a dry-goods store in this 
city (Philadelphia), which is owned and managed by 
Friends or Quakers. One of the women in attendance, 
who, I supposed, was doubtless of the same religious 
profession as the proprietors and other assistants, re- 
marked to me that I had recently given two of her 
friends most accurate written descriptions of character. 
To one of them, she said, I had ascribed a natural tend- 
ency to believe in the doctrines, and to sympathize in 
the forms and ceremonies of the Episcopal Church ; 
' and,' she added, ' that friend is one of the most thor- 



306 Fear Turned His Hair White. 

(Highly Episcopalian persons in belief, manner, and 
tone of mind, of any person I ever knew.' She in- 
quired how I could deduce from the form of the head 
the denominational tendency of a person. I replied 
that we do not profess to be able, nor promise to do 
this in all cases ; but that the heads of some persons are 
so well marked in this respect, that we can hardly refrain 
from expressing our convictions relative to their pecul- 
iar religious tendencies. 

'' She then inquired what constituted an Episcopalian 
head. I explained the prominent developments usually 
found in persons of several of the religious denomina- 
tions respectively, and then remarked that her own 
head was much more like an Episcopalian's than like a 
Quaker's. This declaration was responded to by a gen- 
eral shout from all present ; but whether it was one of 
derision for a supposed mistake of mine, or of approba- 
tion for a good ( hit,' I was unable to determine. I, ac- 
cordingly, entered upon a vindication of the philosoph- 
ical correctness of my position, when the lady cut me 
short by saying, ' I am an Episcopalian and attend that 
church regularly, though for many years I have been in 
a Quaker store. I use the ' plain language,' and am 
supposed, by many Quakers.even, and by almost every- 
body else, to be a Quaker.' " 

fear turned his hair white. 

" In the fall of 1854, Mr. John Wallace, of Coving- 
ton, Miss., aged twenty-seven, called at our office for an 
examination. He had large Cautiousness, and we ob- 
served a tuft of hair perfectly white, of the size of a 



True-Born Unmarried Step-Mother. 307 

half-dollar, on each side of his head, directly in the cen- 
ter of the organs of Cautiousness. ¥e stated to him 
our opinion that he had been pursuing a business involv- 
ing a painful activity of cautiousness, like powder-mak- 
ing, or that he had been cast away at sea, in constant 
fear of a violent death. At the close of the examina- 
tion, he stated that he was upset from a sail-boat in 
Lake Pontchartrain, when sixteen years of age, and 
held on to the bottom of the boat all night, in immi- 
nent peril of life, while his companions became ex- 
hausted, and were lost. In the morning he was picked 
up by a vessel and carried to New Orleans, when it 
was discovered that his hair had turned gray on the 
places above described, which soon became white, and 
has remained so ever since. His hair being black, ren- 
ders the contrast of the white spots very striking." 

A TRUE-BORN UNMARRIED STEP-MOTHER. 

"Early in July, 1854, I examined the head of a 
young lady, and finding Philoprogenitiveness unusually 
large, told her she would make a most excellent step- 
mother — that she was never more happy than when 
taking care of children, and that if she had a child of 
her own she would have taken it to the baby show / if not, 
she would have borrowed one for the purpose. ' Well,' 
said she, 'so I did. I borrowed my little niece and 
took her to the baby show, and she was the prettiest 
one there, I think.' Though this raised a merry shout 
among her friends who were present, and was regarded 
by them as a ( good guess ' or ' happy hit,' yet, in reali- 
ty, my inference was based on philosophical principles. 



308 New York, Pittsburgh, and Chicago. 

The very excess of the maternal feelings which led her 
to take a borrowed baby to the show, also led ns to make 
the remark when we discovered them in her organiza- 
tion. The law of cause and effect was truly compre- 
hended and faithfully interpreted. The ' conjuration, 
and mighty magic, hath this extent — no more.' We 
claim for Phrenology, and not for ourselves, the credit 
of the correctness of these descriptions, though, doubt- 
less, a long experience, careful study, and natural adap- 
tation to the profession, are as important in this, as in 
any other." 

NEW YORK, PITTSBURGH, AND CHICAGO. 

At our office in Philadelphia, in 1854, I was writing 
out the character of a young man ; and when I got 
through I said to him, " Where did you get that de- 
velopment ? I should never look for such a head and 
character in the city of Philadelphia. I should suppose 
you had been born and developed in New York, Pitts- 
burgh, or Chicago." 

" May I ask the reason why you form that opinion ? " 

° Certainly ; you have practical talent, energy, assur- 
ance, and that kind of dashing enterprise which no 
other place in this country, but one of the three I have 
mentioned, could give you a proper field." 

He replied, with a quiet smile, as he handed me a 
ten-dollar bill between two fingers from which to make 
change, for he had not asked the price, " I was born in 
New York, was there trained to business until I was 
twenty-one, then T went to Pittsburgh for ten years, 
and am now located in Chicago, and think I will stick. 
No ; Philadelphia is too slow. Chicago suits me." 



Advice Neglected and Revived. 309 

john brown. 

In 1858, one bright midday, I returned to the office 
from lunch ; and, coming from the blazing light of the 
sun, I could hardly see the dim outline of two figures 
in the office waiting for me. As I entered, one man 
met me and asked that I would put my hands on the 
head of the other, who sat with his back toward me. 
I did as he requested, and said carelessly, without try- 
ing to see the face, " This man has firmness and energy 
enough to swim up the Niagara river and tow a Y4-gun 
ship, holding the tow-line in his teeth. He has courage 
enough to face anything that man may face, if he think 
it right, and be the last to retreat if advance be impos- 
sible." 

The gentleman then said : " That will do. Let me 
introduce you to ' Ossawattomie ' Brown, of Kansas." 

Just a year later, he was encamped on the Blue 
Ridge, in Maryland, looking into Harper's Ferry, and 
waiting for an opportunity to commence marching 
slaves to Canada. The world knows the rest. 

ADVICE NEGLECTED AND REVIVED. 

" A few days since, a lady came to our office to ob- 
tain a written character for her little boy, and stated as 
a special reason for so doing, the fact that a friend of 
hers obtained a written opinion of a boy aged four 
years. It was stated in the description that he was a 
very peculiar child to manage, and that he required a 
given course of treatment, which was minutely pointed 
out. 

" The character was read, thrown aside, and forgot- 



310 Masculine Step- Mothers.. 

ten, and the boy became turbulent and unmanageable, 
and for three years was considered c a villainous child.' 
The Phrenological character happened to turn up, and 
the parents, finding that, so far, the predictions were 
verified, they therefore resolved to train him thence- 
forward strictly according to the directions given in the 
character. c And now,' said the lady to us, ' after a lit- 
tle more than a year's training under the new regimen, 
he has become a model child in disposition and be- 
havior.' " 



CHAPTEK XXX. 

MASCULINE STEP-MOTHERS. 

About the year 1860 a man came to our office for 
examination, and I found the organ of Parental Love 
(Philoprogenitiveness) so very large that I wanted to 
emphasize it, and, coining a new expression, said, " You 
are such an extravagant lover of children that you 
would make a capital step-mother, and if you were to 
have no children of your own you would adopt a few 
so as to have the house properly furnished, and thus 
have something for your strong parental affection to 
cling to." He stated that he had eight children of his 
own, and that he had adopted eight. His business was 
that of manufacturing children's toys of all kinds and 
baby-carriages. He talked rapturously about his adopt- 
ed children ; told how he arranged to have them and 
his own alternate in their seats at the table, how they 
filled the church choir, and the work they did in the 
Sunday-school, and how he insisted on the same respect 



A Good Samaritan. 311 

for his adopted children that he expected for his own, 
etc. Said he, " You ought to see the girl who now acts 
as onr housekeeper. I never can forget how 1 found 
and obtained her. I was facing a rough hail-storm 
going up Broadway one night, and I saw, crouching in 
a doorway, a little figure about eight years old putting 
out a thin, dirty hand begging for pennies. I stopped 
and asked her where she lived, and if she knew Mr. 
Pease, of the Five Points Mission ? She said ' yes.' I 
took her cold hand and told her to go with me to the 
Mission, and found she was not only barefooted, but 
the few tattered clothes she wore were wholly insuffi- 
cient to shield her. So I opened my big overcoat, 
picked her up, clasped her inside of it and hurried 
to the ' Mission.' Mr. Pease knew her; gave me the 
history of her widowed mother with several children. 
Mr. Pease went with me to her mother, who consented 
that I might adopt the child. I bought her some 
clothes, had her bathed and dressed comfortably, and 
when her mother came in the morning to bid her good- 
bye, she did not know her in her new garb. That 
was ten years ago, and she is now tall, healthy, hand- 
some and good, and is a gem of a housekeeper. You 

ought to see her. Come to S , Vermont, and see 

my family and visit my factory, and see the happy 
crowd of my native and adopted children that operate 
it. I tell you, sir, they are nice." 

Seven years after this I had another man under my 
hands, and finding a similar development of Parental 
Love, I was reminded of Mr. E., the Vermont man, and 
resolved a second time to use the term, "You would 
make a good step-mother." I then related to him the 



312 Blindfold Examinations. 

case above described, and he said, " I am the brother of 
Mr. E., and sell baby-carriages and toys for him in 
Maiden Lane, New York." He told me his brother 
had at that time adopted twenty-eight children, and 
that all of them, with a single exception, had turned out 
well. The fact is, he had an instinct for understanding 
•and managing children — he made a good home for 
them, gave them education and agreeable and remunera- 
tive work, and a good place in society, and they repaid 
him both in his heart and in his pocket. 

BLINDFOLD EXAMINATIONS. 

In the early days of Phrenology the public insisted 
that we judged the character of our subjects by the 
face mainly, and not by the developments of the brain : 
hence the desire to have the examiner blindfolded. 
This is by no means a fair method of testing the sub- 
ject, since we use the eyes in determining the relative 
size and form of the head nearly or quite as much as 
we do the hands. In 1841, while lecturing in Enfield, 
Conn., a man got up a party of a dozen friends and 
proposed that I examine them in a dark room. I ex- 
plained that all men, in estimating everything that can 
be seen, use the faculty of vision very largely, and that 
the phrenologist was no exception in estimating the 
form and size of different parts of the head. Never- 
theless I consented to accept the ordeal. The men were 
gathered and seated about the room, and though it was 
a dark, rainy night, the blinds were shut and the cur- 
tains drawn, and I was brought in. There was no con- 
certed order of their taking the seat, but they said at 
the close, they knew in every instance the man I was 



Love of Life — Insanity. 313 

describing, and the one who managed the affair said if 
he had to make a wager, as to my success in describing 
character, he would have it done in a similar way, in a 
dark room, for then I would follow implicitly the de- 
velopments and give every man his real character, with 
no possible softening of the facts on account of good 
looks, apparent culture, or good clothes. 

LOVE OF LIFE — FNSAOTTY. 

Several years ago I was invited to give a course of lec- 
tures at the " Asylum for the Insane," near Morristown, 
N. J. About a hundred persons are required as 
physicians, nurses, attendants, and workers, in order to 
conduct that most complete asylum in the world. It 
has been found that good help can not long be retained 
at reasonable wages in such close confinement as is 
there required, unless lectures, concerts, and other 
proper entertainments are brought to them. Besides, 
there are, generally, two or three hundred of the patients 
who are able to appreciate such entertainments and 
greatly to profit by them. 

At the close of my course of lectures, I accepted an 
invitation to remain for a day to make professional ex- 
aminations for a number of persons. The assistant 
matron had the names of the female attendants who 
desired examination, and she called them to a reception- 
room for that purpose in groups of four or five. As 
we were in an asylum for the insane, it was natural to 
ask the question, through what faculties each would be 
more likely to become insane. With one it was stated 
that loss of property would unbalance the mind through 
*4 



314 Insanity Cured by Phren. Examination. 

the abnormal condition of Acquisitiveness ; with another, 
Approbativeness, through loss of reputation ; with 
another, Conscience, or Caution ; with another, some 
social trouble through the loss of companion, child, or 
friend. To one lady I said, " You have a royal con- 
stitution and ought to live to be ninety, and will be 
very likely to reach that age if no accident befall you ; 
besides you have ' Yitativeness,' or Love of Life, so 
strongly developed that you would recover from illness 
or injury through its influence, when most persons with 
less Vitativeness would give up and go under. If, 
therefore, you were to become insane it would most 
likely show itself through the dread of death" 

The assistant matron then said : " She is a patient, 
and the fear of death constitutes her insanity. She has 
the confidence to believe that Dr. Buttolph, the 
Medical Superintendent, can keep her alive, and she 
dare not be anywhere else. These forebodings some- 
times come on in the night, and she can .not be assured 
until the Doctor is called, and perhaps gives her some 
medicine." 

From this moment she seemed perfectly happy, 
telling every one she met that "Mr. Sizer said she 
would probably live to be ninety." The next day her 
husband made her his usual Saturday visit, and she 
greeted him joyfully, saying: "Edward, I am going 
home with you." " All right, my dear, if you wish to 
go you shall go." 

Her trunks were packed, and she and her husband 
took the next train for home, and she has not since 
been back to the asylum. What 1 had told her of the 
restricted and peculiar nature of her liability to in- 



A Child With a Load to Carry. 315 

sanity, gave her strength to oveicome any threatened 
return of it. 

Insanity is generally partial, being the warped con- 
dition of one or more faculties, while all the rest, in- 
cluding the intellectual, may be sound. Phrenology, 
therefore, is of great value to those who have to do 
with insane people, either as physicians or as courts of 
justice. 

A CHILD WITH A LOAD TO CARRY. 

Some years since, 1866, a little boy of five years was 
brought to us by his parents for examination. We 
found Firmness, Self-esteem, Combativeness, and De- 
structiveness enormously developed, and described him 
as headstrong, proud, positive, self-willed, and forcible 
in great excess. Neither his father, nor mother, nor 
his two older brothers had anything like such develop- 
ments. We asked what they were engaged in six 
years before. They said they were engaged on a con- 
tract building a railroad through a forest region, far 
away from settlements, and that while the father con- 
trolled 250 men in the construction of the road, the 
mother was boarding the men in temporary structures 
in the woods, with five girls to help her. The energy 
and positiveness required by the father and mother in 
such a business were inherited by the little boy, and 
they said they literally could do nothing with him. He 
was obstinacy itself, and he was nimble as a monkey, 
and seemed possessed of five times the strength of chil- 
dren of his age. Said the mother : " He will run up 
on the vines hand over hand, to the top of the house, 
and swing himself into the attic window ; and when 



316 Millionaire at Twenty-Eight Years Old. 

we hurry up to get him, he hears us coming and makes 
a clean jump from the window, grasping the vines in 
his flight, and laughs at pursuit. What can we do with 
him?" 

Answer. Be patient, wise, considerate, firm, but 
kind ; do not provoke him nor be in the least afraid 
that he will break his neck. He has fifty miles of rail- 
road, or the energy required to build it, coiled up in 
his constitution. He must work or explode, and he 
may take the right turn and work off his power lauda- 
bly on business. But cross him, and badger him, and 
he will defy restraint and guidance. 

A millionaire at twenty-eight years old. 

In 1869, in a Western city, I gave a written descrip- 
tion of character to a boy seventeen years old, and 
dwelt prominently upon his speculative and practical 
talent for handling large affairs and acquiring property. 
The business man he then lived with insisted upon it. 
that he had no such abilities as Phrenology accorded 
to him, and that the boy should not accept the flatter- 
ing statement as true, ''for," said he, "the phrenologist 
is very apt to flatter." 

The lad, encouraged to try the talents we gave him 
the credit of possessing, went to California and engaged 
in mining and speculating, and now, 1881, at the age of 
28, returns for a visit and is a millionaire. His old 
master, seizing both his hands, said, " Well, George, I 
learn that you could draw T your check for money enough 
to buy my factory and house and all I possess. I re- 
member I told you that the phrenologist flattered you, 



Good Advice Neglected. 317 

but I see you have rilled the bill, and there must be 
truth in the science." 

The young man, on his first visit to ISTew York, came 
straight to our office to see the man who gave him the 
first word of encouragement, and the right start in life. 

A DROPPED STITCH RECOVERED. 

Col. P., a lawyer, had an examination ten years ago, 
and was told he was a natural linguist and would suc- 
ceed well as a speaker, but his best place was that of 
salesman. His wife and he had a great laugh over it 
after leaving. To-day, December 22, 1880, they were 
in, and said he had latterly been connected with mer- 
cantile business, and had proved to be one of the very 
best of salesmen, and they are now convinced that he 
has found his right place, though he was, as a lawyer, 
successful. 

GOOD ADVICE NEGLECTED. 

A man from Long Island called at our office a few 
years ago, and said, with a sigh, " You wrote out the 
character of our only son when he was eight years old, 
and told us he would be difficult to manage as he in- 
creased in age, and j t ou also gave special directions how 
to train him. It was read, laid aside, and forgotten. 
The boy has become a drunken vagabond, and is utter- 
ly lost to all self-respect. The other day we accident- 
ally came across your description of him, and find it to 
be a perfect prophecy of his career. You said he would 
be likely to go astray in this way and that, but that by 
careful management he might be guided to success and 



318 Uncoined Reward. 

honor. He is smart and capable, as you said, but he 
is wayward and easily misled. I fear it is too late now 
to reclaim him." 

THEY FOLLOWED DIRECTIONS. 

In 1864 I examined a boy nine years old, who had 
a head measuring 22 J inches, with a thin, slight body. 
I wrote out in full the proper method of treating him, 
as to diet, clothing, sleep, exercise, culture, and study. 
Fifteen years afterward the boy, now a young man 24 
years of age, stands five feet, eight inches high, weigh- 
ing 145 lbs., and his head has increased only a quarter 
of an inch, and he is healthy and well-balanced. He 
says his mother would carefully read over the descrip- 
tion of character whenever she was in doubt on any 
point, and carefully followed its directions, and both 
the mother and son now feel sure the lad never would 
have grown to manhood without pursuing the careful 
course marked out by the phrenological examination. 

UNCOINED REWARD. 

A friend recently wrote us from Pennsylvania : 
" John Seltzer, of Smith & Seltzer, Philadelphia, 
recently said that the examination of his head by jST el- 
son Sizer had been to him worth $50,000 as a business 
man." 

Thousands could doubtless say as much not only in 
respect to business, but in regard to intellectual and 
moral improvement. The culture and improvement of 
the talents and character of a man who has fifty years 
of work before him in this life, and immortal destiny 



Artists With and Without Color. 319 

beyond, can hardly count advantages conferred upon 
his inner self. We know a man who consulted Phre- 
nology and became so far benefited that, although a 
rival of his on the road who usually could sell three 
sewing-machines to his two, yet he was afterward able 
to turn the tables, and sell three to his rival's two, for 
months and years. An increased power equal to a gain 
of 125 per cent. 



CIIAPTEK XXXI. 

ARTISTS WITH AND WITHOUT 

About the year 1858 I was invited to a house up- 
town, in New York, to examine the heads of a party 
of ladies and gentlemen. The names of the family as 
well as those of the several persons composing the party 
were unknown to me, and there was simply an an- 
nouncemant of my name as I entered, but no introduc- 
tion. Several ladies were described and perhaps some 
gentlemen, and, in respect to each of these, there was a 
sharp cross-examination of me kept up by two gentle- 
men whose heads had not been submitted to my care- 
ful criticism, but there had been no word of approval 
or indorsement of anything which had been said ; and 
when a subject was dismissed to make way for a suc- 
cessor, no one condescended to say the description was 
correct in whole or in part. Of course this was hard 
work ; for the atmosphere seemed negative, and on ac- 
count of the impenetrable reticence, and the withhold- 
ing every sign of approbation, it was very cold and 
inhospitable. 



320 Church and Rouse, Artists. 

At last one of the hypercritical gentlemen took the 
seat, and of conrse I approached him somewhat as one 
would enter the stall of a strange horse, not knowing 
but the animal might kick or bite ; consequently, every 
word was carefully weighed and considered, and the 
resolve made to leave no wrinkle of his character unre- 
vealed, and no point un criticised. In the course of the 
explanations the subject of the talents requisite for art 
was reached, and I said he was not only very much in- 
clined to art, but extremely fond of color, and would 
admire the harmony of brilliant hues, and would never 
forget to put water in the foreground if it were allow- 
able in the study under his hand, and that people would 
listen to hear the ripple of his waves and the whisper 
of the breeze through the foliage of his trees. Look- 
ing up to two small pictures over the mantel, one a 
landscape in oil, the other a portrait in crayon, I re- 
marked, " If those pictures were for sale at auction and 
valued at forty dollars each, you would pay forty dol- 
lars for the one in oil, and only twenty dollars for the 
one in crayon." 

When this gentleman gave place to the other, whom 
we will now call Mr. R., and when his general traits 
had been discussed rather extendedly, a question was 
asked if he had any taste for or talent in art. I re- 
plied, " Yes, he has very decided artistic talent, but it 
has nothing to do with color ; he would model in clay 
for marble, would engrave on steel, or draw in crayon ; 
and if those t a t o pictures before referred to, were for 
sale, he would bid forty dollars, the full value, for the 
crayon, and only twenty dollars, or half the value, for 
the picture in oil." There was not a look, a nod, or a 



Thinks Rich but Deferred. 321 

ripple to tell whether I had eorne within a mile of the 
truth. This closed the work of the evening. The host 
then invited me to step into the next room ; and, turn- 
ing on the light, asked me how the first of the last two 
gentlemen would like a picture which he pointed to on 
the wall. My reply was, " Capitally." " Well," said 
he, " he made it." " Why, that," said I, " is a copy of 
Church's Niagara." " No, it is not a copy, but it is the 
original study, from which the large picture was 
painted." 

" You don't mean to say that the gentleman I ex- 
amined is Mr. Church ? " 

"Yes, it is Mr. Church, and the other gentleman is 
Mr. Rouse, the most distinguished crayon artist in 
America ; and Mr. Church made the landscape in 
oil, and Mr. Rouse the portrait in crayon, hanging over 
the mantel in the other room, of which you spoke ; and 
allow me, therefore, to congratulate you on your success 
throughout as severe a test of you and your science as 
we knew how to make." Laughing heartily, and shak- 
ing my hand cordially, we parted, and I have never 
seen his face since. 

I could not help thinking on my way home what Dr. 
Gall said of Phrenology. " This is true, though at 
enmity with the philosophy of ages." 

THANKS RICH, BUT DEFERRED. 

In June, 1881, a gentleman brought in his boy for 
examination, and said, " Nine years ago I was under 
your hands, and you gave me a written account of my- 
self. You told me I ought to weigh fifteen pounds 
more than I did to sustain my brain, that I should 
14* 



322 Malaria, why of Late so Prevalent. 

abandon all stimulants and tobacco, and sleep an hour 
more every night. I was then drinking freely, and 
smoking a dollar's worth of cigars daily. I have slept 
the extra hour, I have not touched liquor or tobacco 
since, I weigh twenty -five pounds more, and am more 
healthy and vigorous. You have known nothing about 
it, but I have remembered it daily, and have sent you 
scores of my friends for examination, to whom I told 
my story. Now, here is my son, and I wish you to 
give him as sharp an analysis as you did me." 

MALARIA, WHY OF LATE SO PREVALENT. 

In reply to a friend who asked us why malaria was of 
late so prevalent, when it had never before been known, 
we gave the following : 

This word malaria is in the mouths of everybody. 
Years ago we had bilious troubles, and attributed them 
to various causes. 

In the valley of the Connecticut, and in other New 
England valleys where malaria has lately appeared, it 
has been stated by a recent writer that the raising of 
tobacco with imported fertilizers has poisoned the air, 
as malaria seems to follow tobacco culture, and this 
artificial fertilizing of the soil. But even this does not 
affect those who live rightly. 

We are rendered susceptible to bad air and the 
germs of disease arising from swamps, decaying vege- 
tables, and deficient drainage, by the bad condition 
of our physical systems. We load ourselves with 
material which makes us bilious, nervous, feverish, 
and renders us prolific soil for the development of 
malarial poison. 



A Winter Apple Well Ripened. 323 

When the air is filled with cinders and sparks from 
a burning building, the roofs of other buildings which 
are covered with shingles are likely to take fire, while 
those covered with tin or slate, escape. Occasionally a 
person is so healthy that he does not take yellow fever, 
which is the worst form of malarial poison. Men go 
into districts affected with chills and fever, and live 
there for years, and never take it. They may suffer in 
the tone and vigor of their health, but it is not mani- 
fest in any form of disease. 

If our people would mainly avoid the use of butter, 
fatty matter, sugar, fine flour, candy, and gravies, and 
take the plain, simple diet of milk, fruit, wheat un- 
sifted, lean beef and mutton, eggs and vegetables, we 
would seldom hear of malaria. 

In this country, butter and sugar are consumed more 
freely than anywhere else in the world, and our people 
are consequently more troubled with malarial difficulties 
— as luxury increases among the people, even the poor, 
there is more malarial sickness, and it must be charged 
mainly to the account of wrong diet. Let the diet be 
reformed and we shall hear less about malaria. 



a winter apple, but well ripened. 

One evening about Christmas in the year 1880, a quiet, 
white-haired gent ] eman came in for a full written char- 
acter, in the course of which I said, " Sir, you did not 
come to your power of mind and character till late in 
lite. Like a winter apple, you ripened slowly, but for 
the last ten years you have evidently used your reasoning 
and planning talents much more than formerly, as 



324 Eight Precious Years Wasted. 

those organs appear to have recent increased develop- 
ment, as shown by an expansion of the npper part of 
the forehead and temples." 

When the examination was completed, and we asked 
the name, to write it in his chart, he gave, to our sur- 
prise, that of "JSTicoll the tailor," and said that he 
worked on the tailor's board as a journeyman until he 
was forty-nine years old, since which, in ten years, he 
has established fifty large and prosperous tailoring es- 
tablishments in New York and. other large cities all over 
the country. When asked how he could run so much 
business, he quietly replied, u By selecting good assist^ 
ants, and by good pay and proper treatment, making it 
for the interest of every man, woman, and boy in the 
concern to aid in securing the success of ' Nicoll, the 
tailor.' " 

We trust he will pardon this allusion to him, for he 
gave the facts modestly in reply to our questions, and 
his history and methods are a great and good lesson to 
the business world, and ought not to be hidden. They 
teach that capital and labor are not natural enemies, 
and that brains and honesty must tell. 



EIGHT PRECIOUS TEARS WASTED — BUT BETTER LATE 
THAN NEVER. 

In 1876, a man brought in a young son for a written 
description of character, especially requiring to learn 
what he was best fitted to follow as an occupation. 

When the work was completed he asked how business 
kept up with us in those dull times'. I replied, " We 
could do more." His prompt answer was : 



Better Late than Never. 325 

u If every man thought as much of Phrenology, and 
its practical utility in placing sons in the right business, 
as I do, your rooms would be constantly crowded. And 
I have good reason for my opinion, and I will explain 
it to you. Ten years ago I brought to you my old- 
est son, who was then fifteen years old, and you wrote 
out his character, and told him exactly and positively 
what he ought to do ; but he was then going to school, 
and the subject of a life pursuit was, for the time, 
dropped. After a while he was offered a place in a 
gentleman's furnishing store — he thought he would like 
it, and he stayed a year or two, and dropped it in dis- 
gust ; he then found a place for himself in a drug-store 
for a couple of years, and then he thought the hours 
too long, the exercise too little, and the prospect for the 
future not nattering, and he went into something else ; 
meanwhile he lived at home, paid no board, his mother 
supplied him with clothes, and he used his wages for 
spending money. Thus he went on for eight years, 
getting no permanent foothold in business, and finding 
nothing in the work he had undertaken that seemed to 
suit him. At last, at twenty years of age, he found a 
pair of black eyes, whose presence he thought necessary 
to his happiness, and he came to me in anxious alarm, 
and said : 

" ' Father, I have wasted eight years in trying differ- 
ent pursuits, and can not now support myself, much 
less think of a home and household of my own. I have 
been reading over the description given me by the 
Phrenologist, and he says my proper place is in Archi- 
tectural Drawing, and if you will help me to get a 
place in that, I will go at it with a will.' " 



326 " He Must Have Known You." 

The father proceeded to say : " I went out with him 
to one of the largest Architectural Iron Works in New 
York, whose proprietor knew me, and he took him on 
and gave him a good chance, and now, inside of two 
years, he has made such wonderful progress in the busi- 
ness, that he is working on the Centennial buildings in 
Philadelphia, at a salary of fifty dollars a week. If he 
had not wasted eight years on pursuits to which he 
is utterly unadapted, he might, perhaps, have been 
master in the erection of those great structures. 

"]S"ow you may understand why I say your office 
would be crowded with persons seeking examinations 
if all had my reason to know the value of Phrenology 
in the selection of proper pursuits for the young. I am 
doing all I can to impress others with my ideas on the 
subject, and in this way I am working out my gratitude 
in your behalf, for benefits received." 

"he must have known you." 

A gentleman of New York, totally a stranger to us, 
received an examination and full written description at 
our hands, and among other things was told that he had 
great facility in committing to memory and reciting 
poetry. In the Union League Club, to which he be- 
longs, he is known for his ability to recite, entire, some 
of Shakespeare's plays, and his great readiness in mak- 
ing poetic quotations ; and when his friends read the 
description Phrenology gave of him, they exclaimed, 
" Oh, he must have known you." 

We want no better indorsement of our correctness 
than to have people suppose we must have had the his- 
tory of the person examined in order to reveal what 



Garfield's Head Examined. 327 

we do. Men sometimes say we flatter, because really 
they do not live as well as their organization warrants. 
The fact that men feel guilty shows that they live be- 
low the claims of their own organization. To test the 
matter, I once examined a bright, clear-headed man, 
and marked his organs as I judged them to deserve, 
but I talked just the contrary all through. When I 
concluded the examination, I handed him the chart, 
and he looked up to me instead of at the marking of 
his organs in the chart, and asked, with dry and deter- 
mined manner : " Do you suppose I believe one word 
you have said % As near as I can judge, everything 
you have said is contrary to my judgment of myself." 
" Look at your chart," said I. He did so, and bright- 
ened up, saying : " This is all right." I then told him 
he was the first man of whom I ever said anything but 
my earnest conviction, but as I judged, he was likely to 
know if I was wrong, and would have the courage to state 
it, I had purposely marked the chart correctly, and talked 
just the reverse, expecting he would do as he had done. 
Men may often misjudge themselves in some particu- 
lars, but are not likely to estimate themselves incor- 
rectly in respect to their whole character. They very 
often judge themselves quite incorrectly as compared 
with others. 

garfield's head examined. 

Garfield told a well-known gentleman in Washington 
that he once came to our office when he was a lean, lank 
boy, and had his head examined. He could not afford 
to spare the money, but did so, and we then told him if 
he had as much Combativeness as Stephen A. Douglas 
he could achieve the position of Chief-Justice. 



328 Hobbs, the Lock-Picker. 

CHAPTER XXXII. 

HOBBS, THE LOCK-PICKER. 

In 1851 a gentleman came into our office, followed 
by a dark, stolid, careless-looking man, who appeared 
as if he were under the influence of strong drink. The 
gentleman said, in a positive manner : " I wish you 
would examine this man's head, and tell me what he 
can do." 

The man was offered a seat, and he dropped into it 
in a sidelong way, his feet sprawled about, and his dark, 
long hair hanging in a slovenly way, half obscuring his 
face, and such expressionless eyes and such a stupid 
face may seldom be seen. I found a firm and vigorous 
organization, and then supposed he might be an indus- 
trious mechanic, but under the influence of liquor. 

The head was large and well formed, and I regarded 
the stupid appearance only as the result of tippling, 
and proceeded to give the character as it would mani- 
fest itself under better conditions. I said, " This man 
would be a capital mechanic — a first-rate machinist. 
No, that would not quite do ; he has so much Secret- 
iveness he would prefer to be a locksmith, and he 
would put in such cunning guards to head off the lock- 
pickers." 

The gentleman — for it was Mr. Newell, of the firm 
of Day & JSTewell, the great bank-lock makers — then 
broke in and said : " That will do. This is Mr. Hobbs, . 
who can pick any lock (but ours), and he is to start to- 
morrow with our great lock for the World/s Fair at 



" A Most Extr'ordinary Man." 329 

London, and here is our lock." Then he opened a par- 
cel he had laid down, and he and Mr. Hobbs, who had 
in an instant become sober, bright-looking, and intelli- 
gent, explained the lock, and took their departure. 

At London, Hobbs put the lock on a safe. The Eng- 
lish lock-makers had put their best lock on a safe contain- 
ing £1,000, to be given to auy man who could pick the 
lock. The experts worked six weeks and could not 
open it. When all had tried to their weary satisfac- 
tion, Mr. Hobbs took a wire and a pair of common 
pliers, and, heating the wire in a gas-jet, bent it in 
their presence, and passed it around. He then took 
his seat before the English safe, and in twenty-seven 
minutes opened it, took out the £1,000, gave it one 
swing around his head, and threw it into Day & New- 
ell's safe, slammed it shut, and told the experts to take 
it out and have it if they could. They worked day 
after day until tired of it, when Hobbs bent a wire in 
their presence, as before, and in two and a half minutes 
opened his lock and went about his business. 
• During that season, Dr. J. Y. C. Smith being in Lon- 
don visited the fair, and our minister, Hon. Abbott 
Lawrence, of Boston, presented Dr. Smith to the 
Duke of Wellington as a neighbor of his and Mayor of 
Boston. The Duke entered into conversation with Dr. 
Smith, but every minute he would break off and say : 
" Mr. Hobbs, of America, is a most extrWdinary man, 
a most extr'ordinary man, sir"; and Dr. Smith, who 
was a capital talker and full of history, science, and 
culture, could not keep the Duke off from the extr'or- 
dinary man, Hobbs. 

Mr. Hobbs is still living (1882), and is running a 



330 Truth will Cut its Bigness. 

large lock factory in Bridgeport, Conn. We have his 
bust in our collection, and it shows his " extr'ordinary " 
powers. 

truth will cut its bigness. 

At the close of an examination of the head of a man 
recently, he remarked : " I have been anxious to come 
to you for this for several years. I have been a firm 
believer in Phrenology as a science ; but several years 
ago I got set back by a public examination you made 
at a lecture in the basement of a church in Williams- 
burgh, IS". Y. The subject was Mr. , a deacon in one 

of the churches, and a man very much respected in the 
community. He was entrusted with business such as 
making collections, and was collector for several institu- 
tions. When he came forward for public examination 
all expected to hear a good account, but you said 
he was grasping and selfish, but smooth and inclined 
to be tricky in his dealings. When asked by some one 
in the audience if he was honest, you replied that, if 
you had occasion to confide in a man, you should look 
for larger Conscientiousness. I was astounded, and so 
were all who knew him. I thought Phrenology true, 
but concluded that even the most experienced were lia- 
ble to mistake. 

"A few months after this examination it was found 
that the man was a defaulter to a considerable amount, 
and had for years been collecting and keeping moneys 
belonging to others. When one fact was brought out 
others came to light, and the man left the town, and 
since then has been keeping one of the lowest rum- 
shops in a neighboring State, and is suspected and de- 
spised in all decent circles." 



Ex-Kev. George C. Miln. 331 

I wonder how many of that audience repeat this fact 
as " a mistake made by Phrenology in regard to one of 
the most respectable men in the community," and how 
many who learned the other side of the case take pains 
to mention it to our advantage. 



FIRMNESS, DESTRUCTTVENESS, AND CONSCIENCE — EXTRACT 
FROM A WRITTEN CHARACTER. 

If you could have been educated for the bar, and suc- 
ceeded to the bench, you would have given opinions 
without u reserving your decisions," as many judges 
do ; you would not be afraid to look all the politicians 
and personal friends of the culprit in the face, and 
then and there, when they were red-hot with sympathy, 
declare the law and the penalty. 

EX-REV. GEORGE C. MILN. 

For the last two years this young man has occupied 
much of the attention of the religious world, and es- 
pecially of the religious newspapers, and the comments 
we hear and read are exceedingly varied. Some blame 
him for not knowing what he believed before entering 
the ministry, some censure him sharply for his defec- 
tion, some for a vacillating spirit, and a few hint at hy- 
pocrisy and dishonesty. 

We have not the slightest doubt of his honesty ; and 
the fact that he abandoned the Orthodox Church, 
where a selfish man might elect to remain, for the pay 
and respectability were assured, and adopting the Uni- 
tarian in the face of evangelical Christendom, demand- 



332 Who was Eight? 

ed courage and a sense of duty ; and then, when ac- 
ceptably planted in one of the best heterodox pulpits 
in a thriving and populous city, voluntarily announcing 
his purpose to preach no more, was a move astonishing 
to all time-servers. 

Phrenology did its best to keep him from entering 
the pulpit, and is not surprised at the turn things have 
taken. 

In 1870, while I was giving a course of lectures in 
Adrian, Mich., Mr. Miln, then a student there, called 
on me for an examination, and I advised him to be a 
teacher, an editor, or a lawyer. He said : " I am going 
to preach." 

I replied with emphasis : " What ! You preach ? " 

"Yes; why not?'' 

" Because, while your intellect is sufficient to do the 
mental work, you have too little faith and devotion to 
inspire the spirit of trust in those who fear and waver, 
and too little veneration to lead the devotions of those 
who are devout ; therefore the pious and those who 
need encouragement in that direction, will not be fed 
by your ministrations." 

A year or two passed, and the circumstance had faded 
from my thought. He had come to settle in Brooklyn 
as pastor of the Puritan Church, and at the close of one 
of his sermons, a friend introduced me to him, when 
he responded : " Oh, I know Mr. Sizer ! He exam- 
ined my head in Adrian, and said some things I did not 
accept as true. But," turning to me, he said, with an 
air of triumph tinged with sarcasm, "you see I am 
preaching, though you said I should do something 
else." 



Large Perception — Smartness. 333 

The devotional part of his services were just what I 
had expected, as juiceless as last year's leaves. I leave 
history to say who was right — the theological student 
or the Phrenologist. 

In 1882 I met a gentleman in Massachusetts who 
had just come from Washington, and he said Mr. Miln 
in his presence came up to Col. Robert Ingersoll, and 
said with great cordiality and confidence, " Well, Mr. 
Ingersoll, I have come to your position that there is no 
hereafter." Ingersoll replied, " I never said there is 
no hereafter. I don't know. You know too much for 
me altogether. A few years ago you knew there was 
a hereafter, and asserted it, which I did not because I 
do not know. Now you go altogether beyond, and 
have found out there is no hereafter, while I do not 
know anything of the kind. You know too much for 
me. Good-day, sir." 

LARGE PERCEPTION WITH MENTAL-MOTIVE TEMPERAMENT. 

A gentleman was under my hands for a full written 
description, and in order to show a point in practical 
talent, as well as in practical Phrenology, I venture to 
make a quotation from it : 

" As a teacher, you would have every pupil in your 
mind and under your eye, would know what each one's 
studies were, and their general characteristics, and then 
divide yourself, as it were, into a thousand outgoing in- 
fluences. There are men who can make of themselves 
only one thing, and follow in that channel, as a ham- 
mer has one use, namely, to hammer, or a saw to cut, 
or an auger to bore, and then its function ceases — :but 



334 Delicate Criticism and Test. 

your mind is like a whole set of tools, like one of those 
curious pocket knives with sixteen blades, corkscrew, 
gimlet, scissors, and all sorts of things ; that is, you 
have such perceptive power that you can apply it to so 
many things, and thus express your mind and charac- 
ter, and wish and will in so many ways that you seem 
to be like a full set of tools.'' 



DELICATE CRITICISM AND TEST. 

About the year 1879 I was invited to Springfield, 
Mass., to meet a party of twenty people who desired 
Phrenological examinations. As the party was large, 
the work must be done rapidly, and every sentence was 
necessarily compact and positive — there was no time to 
smooth rough points or soften strong peculiarities. 
After the party had broken up and had dispersed I 
asked the lady at whose house the party had met, to 
take a seat and let me describe her character deliberate- 
ly in the presence of her son and daughter as critics. 
At the close of my remarks she said, " I think you 
have described me to the life, as I was in my prime, 
better, indeed, than you have the young men and 
women constituting the party. ."Now I have known 
the parents of nearly all these young people, in fact 
went to school with them and knew their characters 
thoroughly, and I must say that in nearly every case 
when you said this person resembled the father or the 
mother in this or that respect, you described the parent 
better than you did the person under your hands — for 
instance, my own son, whom you did not know as my 
son, you said resembled his mother, and I felt that you 



Springfield Party Examined. 335 

described me sharply ; and of my daughter, of whom 
you said, ' This lady is like her father,' and your de- 
scription was him to the life. Nov/, how is it you de- 
scribe the parents, whom you do not know, better than 
you do those under your hands 1 " 

I replied, " Madam, in offering this apparent criti- 
cism you give me the best compliment I ever had in 
my life." 

" How is that ? I don't understand it, sir." 

" The truth is, madam, you knew the parents of these 
young people well. They were of your own age ; you 
were much together, and kept no secrets from each 
other. These young people are not familiar with you ; 
they act under reserve in your presence ; but their par- 
ents, from whom they inherit their peculiarities, let 
themselves right out to you, and you thus know them 
much better than yoa ever will know the young peo- 
ple." 

This reminds me of a lady who said, at the close of 
my examination of her little girl, " I do not seem to 
see the child's traits in your description ; yon have de- 
scribed her papa's traits to the life, and you say she re- 
sembles him." The law of resemblance to parents is 
exceedingly interesting, because it is found in sections 
in most persons, one trait coming from one parent, and 
a whole group of faculties from the other. One will 
have his mother's intellect and affections, and his 
father's execution and administrative powers. In like 
manner, the light hair and eyes which come, perhaps, 
from the mother, the black brow and beard from the 
father, or a single feature from one parent, all the rest 
of the face from the other parent. 



336 A Lady's Fortunate Escape. 



CHAPTER XXXIII. 



A gentleman, who was a stranger to us, called at 
our office with the photographs of a gentleman and a 
lady, which he desired us to examine carefully, and to 
write out our opinion of the character of each, and 
more particularly that of the gentleman, and to give 
onr opinion as to the adaptation in marriage of the par- 
ties, the lady being his daughter. The gentleman did 
not tell his name or residence, or that of the parties in 
interest. We promised to have the matter ready in a 
few hours, and he retired. "We then proceeded to pre- 
pare the statement, in which we described the young 
man as selfish, tyrannical, and inclined to be immoral, 
and quite unsuited to the lady. When the gentleman 
called for the document, he took it sealed, and left 
without reading it. 

About a month afterward we received a letter from 
the father, addressed to the examiner, which we copy : 

" Nelson Sizer : — Dear Sir — In the latter part of 
March last, I was in the office of Fowler & "Wells, and 
left with you two photographic likenesses (of a young 
man and young woman), to be examined in regard to 
their relative fitness for union in matrimony —more es- 
pecially the young man. The study of the description 
I obtained from you, conpled with some recollections I 
have of his habits and ways, led me to the conclusion that 
yonr delineation is, in every way, true and to the point. 
Thanking you a thousand times for the favor conferred 



Inherited Fondness for Metal. 337 

on me, which I consider more in the light of a friendly 
act than otherwise, 

I remain, very truly yours, " 

Two years afterward the young lady called, made 
herself known, and warmly thanked us for having 
saved her from a sad mesalliance. 

A gentleman, not the father, related to me that the 
young man in question subsequently defrauded the 
house in which he was employed, of a considerable sum 
of money, and eloped with a young lady to Canada, 
and after a few weeks' residence with her, managed to 
get all her money and jewelry, with which it is sup- 
posed he fled to Europe. A fortunate escape for both, 
the ladies, and especially for the first, who lias since 
been happily married to a good man whose likeness 
was submitted to me by a third party, and which I de- 
scribed in writing as a man of talent, honor, and good 
moral character. 



INHERITED FONDNESS FOR METAL. 

An only son, eleven years of age, delicate, sensitive, 
and precocious, was brought to the office of Fowler & 
Wells for examination. I described him as having a 
strong desire for gain, which would lead him to pick 
up and save anything of value, and especially iron, 
brass, or silver, to gratify the desire for solidity, endur- 
ance, and permanency. That if he became a merchant he 
would want hardware as his stock in trade ; if a me- 
chanic, he must use metal as his material ; that in car- 
riage-making he would work wood out and put iron in 
i5 



338 Liver Complaint — Its Cause and Cuke. 

the place of it, if he had to paint the iron wood-color 
to satisfy the taste of others. 

His mother, in response, said that his father was en- 
gaged in making inventions and conducting business in 
iron material, in the line of wrought-iron pipes ; that 
he talked of iron and the machinery for working it and 
of little else ; he even dreamed about iron and opera- 
tions with it. Also that, the boy had his father's spirit, 
amounting to fanaticism ; that when he was six years 
old he would bring home every piece of iron he could 
find and sell it to junkmen. 

Just at this point the boy lifted his coat and showed 
me a railroad spike six inches long, hanging by a string 
around his neck, and swinging over the small of his 
back, concealed by his coat, because, as he said, his 
mother would not let hiin carry it in his pocket. He 
had found it in the country on the railroad track. In 
reply to a question, he said it was an annoyance to him 
sometimes ; " But," said he, u the pleasure it gives me to 
know I have it, more than makes up for all the trouble 
it gives me." 

LIVER COMPLAINT ITS CAUSE AND CURE. (WRITTEN TO 

A PERSON ASKING " WHY AM I BILIOUS?)" 

Many dark-complexioned people, and some others, 
are always troubled with "bilious turns." When in- 
quired of as to how they live, we generally find that 
they eat candy pretty liberally, a pound or two a week. 
They drink strong coffee and make it very sweet ; they 
eat griddle-cakes for breakfast, with syrup and butter, 
and thus they overload the system with sugar and fatty 



Why am I Bilious? 339 

matter. They use vinegar pretty largely, because the 
system seems to crave something in opposition to the 
sugar and fatty matter, and the torpid liver yearns for 
something to give it a start. All through the spring 
these persons are eating green stuff, radishes, and, by 
and by, cucumbers, because of the vinegar they eat 
with them.- They worry along through the summer 
until the miasma of the autumn begins to prevail, and 
then down they go with bilious- fever. A six weeks* 
release from labor, and they struggle with disease, and 
the doctors bring them to their feet on the approach of 
cold weather. By the time fresh pork, buckwheat- 
cakes, and fat poultry are ready to be consumed they 
have appetites like wolves, and for three months they 
gorge themselves again with the bilious-producing arti- 
cles of food. By the next August they have made 
themselves ready for another bilious attack. These 
people wonder why it is that Providence so afflicts 
them. They buy pills by the box, and their whole life 
seems to be a series of errors in eating and drinking. 

In the bilious regions of the West, where the fatness 
of the soil engenders fever and ague and other forms 
of bilious disease, the people live on pork, and articles 
with which molasses and sugar are largely used. A 
person who is well informed in regard to physiology 
and diet will sit at the same table with those who live 
unwisely and eat such articles only as are wholesome ; 
will work in the same shop or store, and will neither 
have a sick headache nor a bilious attack of any kind ; 
will not lose a night's sleep or an hour's work ; will not 
require a particle of medicine, or suffer a pang from 
illness for five years. Providence is on the side of 



340 Economy of Things Wasted. 

knowledge, self-denial, and hygiene; and punishes 
gluttony, drunkenness, laziness, and bad habits of every 
kind. But some will not learn wisdom though Provi- 
dence " bray them in a mortar " (see Pro v. xxvii. 22). 

ECONOMY OF THINGS WASTED. 

Within a month of this publication a man came 
under my hands at the Phrenological rooms, and in the 
course of the examination I said : " You can make 
money — ean make it rapidly, and on a large scale — but 
you will do it in some way in which your profits will 
not be a tax on the world's industry. You will con- 
trive means to save that which would be wasted, like 
economizing the sweepings of a city, or utilizing the 
candle-ends of life." 

He had a large brain, and weighed 240 pounds, and 
had vitality enough to sustain his brain in large affairs. 
After sitting silently a fsw moments he looked up 
and said : " You have hit me squarely, but how could 
you infer that I would work to save the wwld's wasted 
material ? " 

He went on to speak of a company of wealthy men 
he formed many years ago to purchase and fill up the 
flats south of Jersey City, and make a line of docks 
for the foreign steamers a mile long. His plan was to 
take a contract to sweep the streets of New York and 
put the ashes and dirt in to fill up the Jersey fiats, 
separating and using the garbage to feed a thousand or 
ten thousand hogs, to be kept on 20,000 acres of Long 
Island barren plains, moving the hogs, as fast as they 
redeemed and enriched one plot of ground, to another, 



A Pig in a Bag — Locality. 341 

the land thus made valuable being used to raise vege- 
tables for the New York market. They made a con- 
tract to clean the city of New York, for twenty years 
for a given sum, and when the subject was going 
through the Common Council, or Board of Aldermen, 
one member came to him and said it could be put 
through for $10,000. The members of the company 
would not pay a bribe, and the whole thing fell through. 
But the would-be briber came to grief with the Tweed 
gang, and learned how it seemed to look through prison 
bars. 

He said he was now building locomotives, under a 
patent of his, to consume the valueless coal dust which 
is a nuisance around all the coal mines, and exists in 
cumbrous heaps of tens of thousands of tons. This is 
to be utilized, and thus the sweepings of the world 
shall make him and many others rich. 

A PIG IN A BAG — LOCALITY. 

The faculty of knowing place and direction — in 
Phrenology, we call it Locality — is manifested not only 
by the human race in varying degrees, but by bees, 
carrier-pigeons, horses, dogs, and especially by pigs. In 
" How To Teach " we present the subject in an exhaust- 
ive manner, and a friend of ours on reading the treat- 
ment of it, writes us : 

"Your reference to the pig reminds me of an in- 
stance which lately occurred in my neighborhood : ' A 
colored man bought a pig six weeks old, and carried 
him in a bag about two miles to his home, and, in doing 
so, turned at right angles twice in the distance, iirst to 



342 Instinct of Animals. 

the left and then to the right. The pig was put into a 
pen, but got out early the next morning and started for 
home ; not around by the road by which he came, but 
in a straight line across lots, over ground upon which 
he had never been before. This beats the carrier- 
pigeons out of sight, and puts the pig high up among 
intelligent animals." 

Horses are known to find their way home in the 
forest or prairie when the rider has become confused 
and has the good sense and courage to trust to the sa- 
gacity of his faithful companion. 

Instinct in animals is truly wonderful. Men have it 
in less degree in several directions ; but reason, which 
comprehends principles and produces invention, and 
the power to adapt ourselves to all climates and chang- 
ing conditions, is most useful, and capable of great cult- 
ure and infinite adaptations to all possible surroundings. 
In respect to the instinct of Locality, a story is told of 
an old hunter in Michigan, who, when the country was 
new, got lost in the woods several times. He was told 
to buy a pocket-compass, which he did, and a friend ex- 
plained to him its nse. He soon got lost, and lay out 
as usual. When found he was asked why he did not 
travel by the compass. He said he did not dare to. 
He wished to go north, and he tried hard to make the 
thing point north, but 'twasn't any use. 'Twould shake, 
shake, right round and p6mt south-east every time. 

Indians have few artificial marks of location to aid 
them in finding places ; nevertheless, they are remark- 
able for finding their way with facility through the 
trackless forest. One Indian, however, got lost, as we 
call it, and met some white men hunting, and by his 



"Apples of Gold in Pictures of Silver." 343 

looks and questions they knew the Indian was lost, and 
told him so. He replied indignantly, "Indian not lost, 
Wigwam lost." 

interesting- letter. 



" , Maine, April 8, 1881. 

" I send herewith the likeness of my daughter for a 
full written description of her character. You have 
examined in that way both her father and mother with 
the best satisfaction to us. I desire to express my 
gratitude to Prof. Sizer for his instruction and advice 
given in my Phrenological character. • It has made a 
man of me ; has been of very great service in benefit- 
ing me in body and mind, and has also aided me in 
business, especially it helped me to a good situation in 
public employment. 0. D. C' 

April 25, 1881, he wrote : " I have received the 
Phrenological description of my daughter. This is the 
third description made for the family from photographs, 
and I regard them as the best investments that I have 
ever made. C. D. C." 



In a letter to Fowler & Wells, Mrs. F. J", says : " I 
beg to thank you, and through you, Mr. Nelson Sizer, 
for the careful delineation of character he made me 
from my photographs. It was surprisingly accurate, 
and my husband, who scoffs at Phrenology, admitted 
that he could not have described my character so accu- 
rately, even after living with me eleven years. If I 
ever amount to anything I shall feel that I owe it all to 



344 Visitors at the Phrenological Cabinet. 

you, for you have shown me just where I stand, and 
what it is necessary for me to do to overcome my pecu- 
liarities. I am unable to convey my gratitude in words. 
You ought to be very happy to be the means of doing 
so much good in the world, and being the recipients of 
so much gratitude from those you have benefited." 



CHAPTER XXXIV. 

VISITORS AT THE PHRENOLOGICAL CABINET. 

A clear-headed gentleman, about fifty years of age, 
was one of a group of five who recently called to look 
over our collection of busts and skulls. After spending 
half an hour and listening to explanations of the speci- 
mens by the attendant, he ventured to remark : 

" I suppose you need the face and its expression to 
enable you to read character with any degree of accu- 
racy." 

Attendant. u No. We estimate the power of the 
character by the size and quality of the brain, and the 
peculiarities of the talents and dispositions from relative 
developments of the different parts of the head." 

Gentleman. "There is the trouble with me and 
many others about accepting Phrenology as a science. 
You manage to read character with surprising correct- 
ness, sometimes telling a person of traits of character 
known to himself only, and since I can see no ' bumps ' 
and hollows on heads, I concluded you must read by 
the face." 

A. " I am glad you brought this point up, for it 



How Can You Read Skulls? 345 

gives me an opportunity to say that for nearly fifty 
years we have been telling the public we do not look 
for ' bumps' on the head, but for distance from the cen- 
ter of the brain ; that length of fiber from the junction 
of the brain with the spinal cord tells how strong is a 
given organ or class of organs. For instance, here is a 
bust with great distance from the opening of the ear to 
the crown of the head, which shows great ambition, 
firmness, and pride, and the original of the bust, the 
late Judge Hitchcock, grandson of Ethan Allen, had 
traits similar to those of his grandfather who demanded 
the surrender of Fort Ticonderoga < in the name of the 
great Jehovah and the Continental Congress.' Here is 
another bust of about the same general size, and the 
lines from the opening of the ear to the crown are an 
inch and a half shorter than in . the head of Judge 
Hitchcock. Here is a bust two inches wider just above 
the ears than that which is quite as long from front to 
rear, and nearly two inches higher." 

G. " Is that the way you estimate heads and char- 
acters ? Why did I not know that before ? I must 
revise my opinions of Practical Phrenology. But how 
about skulls % I don't see how you can read their char- 
acter." 

A. " To one acquainted with the principles of Phre- 
nology as we teach it, it is quite as easy to read a skull, 
if one has experience, as to read the living head. Be- 
cause the temperament or quality of the person can be 
understood from the bone almost as well as from the 
soft tissues, and by estimating the length of the radial 
lines from the center of the base of the brain, the size 
of the groups and organs can be correctly calculated. 

15* 



346 Good Energy and Poor Hope. 

At Pittsburg, Pa., some fifteen years ago, Mr. Fowler 
was lecturing in the Opera House, which was crowded, 
and a skull was offered for his examination in public at 
the close of a lecture. Mr. Fowler, though fatigued 
with a hard day's work and a long lecture, consented, 
and said, ' This is the skull of a man, and of low type 
at that. He had enormous love of money, and would 
murder to get it if circumstances favored it ; was cun- 
ning, a consummate liar, and cruel to the last degree.' 

" The doctor who presented the skull had not permit- 
ted the public to know he had this relic of one of the 
most brutal of murderers, who had a year or two before 
been hung for the murder of a banker for his money 
in Pittsburg, and the case was as familiar to every per- 
son in the audience as that of the miscreant whose name 
has been an offense to every lover of justice since the 
2d of July, 1881. 

" It was a triumph for the science of Phrenology, 
and an evidence of the skill of its advocate." 

GOOD ENERGY, BUT NOT S ) MUCH HOPE EXTRACT FROM 

A WRITTEN CHARACTER. 

" To wait for dead men's shoes or for something to 
turn up, is not the way you manage. You believe in 
work on the old plan, and you do not believe that inert 
matter is going to move without sufficient force ; and 
as to luck, you might put the word into a dictionary if 
you were making one ; but you would be likely to give 
it this definition, ' A phantom which misleads only 
fools.' 

"You are not overstocked with faith, therefore you 
do not pray the Lord for corn unless you plow, and 



Her View of It. 347 

fertilize and till, and having done your dnty, you wait 
for the sunshine and showers, and the development, 
and you expect one ear of corn on each stock, not two, 
on the average, and when you find two, you consider 
it so much surplus to bridge over those that have none. 
"You should select for a companion one who is more 
mellow and pliable than you, a blonde who has a smooth, 
plump hand, who is full in figure and easy and grace- 
ful in her ways ; not one who is tart, positive, and 
angular like yourself ; one who wants to be led, and 
who would not object to being driven in an emergency, 
because you will both lead and drive when you are in 
a hurry, and you want somebody who will not boil 
over, and talk back." 

HER VIEW OF IT. 

B. G. H.— 111., June 17, 1880.— " To-day I received 
my written chart. Many thanks for the comprehensive 
and plain-spoken truths. How true the statement of 
my inability to save money. I can get plenty — but 
keeping it ! How true you hit it as to medicine — I 
have studied it all my life. Nothing could more 
strongly confirm my belief in Phrenology than your 
examination of my portraits." 

PASSAGE IN A WRITTEN CHARACTER. 

Tou have Firmness and Continuity, hence you 
manage to have your own way, but having also large 
Secretiveness and Agreeableness, with a smooth tenir 
perament, you do more by suggestion than by domina- 
tion. You sometimes suggest much more than you 



348 American Institute of Phrenology. 

expect will be accepted, and then, as a modification 
and yielding of the point, yon bring in just what you 
want by a second suggestion, and this will seem so 
liberal it will be thankfully accepted. This results 
from the same principle which tasting pickles does 
when one is eating maple sugar : it makes the sugar 
taste all the better. You give the pickle first and the 
sugar "later.'' 

A CATHOLIC PRIEST. 

A Catholic priest, from a Southern State, called for 
an examination, and among other things we wrote of 
him : " You are endowed with decided mechanical 
talent, and would have excelled, especially as an archi- 
tect, and if, in your professional career, there is a 
church, a school-house, or hospital to be built, you 
work out your ideas through the architect, modifying 
his plans to suit your views, and you would spend half 
your time watching to see that the workmen did all 
their work according to the spirit of the plan." He 
responded, " My Bishop has made me the architect of 
his diocese." 

AMERICAN LNSTITUTE OF PHRENOLOGY. 

The American Phrenological Society numbered in 
its membership some of the best names in the country, 
such as Horace Mann, Dr. Charles Caldwell, of Ky. ; 
Be v. John Pierpont; yet its membership being scat- 
tered, its proper work was never prosecuted with 
practical vigor, and nearly everything that cost time, 
effort, and cash, was left to the Phrenological establish- 
ment in New York, and its managers to do. Thus 



Act of Incorporation. 349 

matters ran on until 1866, when some of the members 
of the old Society petitioned the Legislature of the State 
of Kew York, and obtained an act of Incorporation on 
the 20th of April, 1866, and afterward an amendment 
in pursuance of an order of the Supreme Court, in 
Sept., 1875, thereby creating the American Institute 
of Phrenology, which reads as follows : 

" The people of the State of ^N~ew York, repre- 
sented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows : 

" Section 1. Amos Dean, Esq., Horace Greeley, 
Samuel Osgood, D.D. ; A. Oakey Hall, Esq. ; Russell 
T. Trail, M.D.; Henry Dexter, Samuel R. Wells, 
Edward P. Fowler, M.D. ; Nelson Sizer, Lester A. 
Roberts, and their associates, are hereby constituted a 
body corporate, by the name of 4 The American 
Institute of Phrenology,' for the purpose of promot- 
ing instruction in all departments of learning connected 
therewith, and for collecting and preserving crania, 
casts, busts, and other representations of the different 
races, tribes, and families of men. 

" [Section 2 relates to the holding of property and 
its uses.] 

" Section 3. The said Henry Dexter, Samuel R. 
Wells, Edward P. Fowler, M.D. ; Nelson Sizer, and 
Lester A. Roberts, are hereby appointed Trustees of 
said Incorporation, with power to fill vacancies in the 
Board. 

" Section 4. It shall be lawful for the Board of 
Trustees to appoint lectures, and such other instructions 
as they may deem necessary and advisable." 

The remaining Sections relate to routine. 

On the 14th of May, 1875, Mr. H. S. Drayton was 



350 WoKK OF THE INSTITUTE. 

elected a member of the Board of Trustees, to fill the 
vacancy caused by the death of Samuel R. Wells, 
which occurred April 13, 1875. 

Officers : Edward P. Fowler, M.D., President; Nel- 
son Sizer, Vice-President ; H. S. Drayton, A.M., 
Secretary. 

WORK OF THE INSTITUTE. 

From the time of the incorporation of the Institute 
in 1866, there have been given in New York, annual 
courses of instruction in Theoretical and Practical 
Phrenology, and in the years 1876 and 1877 we had an 
extra or summer session, but this doubled the work 
without increasing the number of students, and the extra 
session was abandoned. The large collection of Fowler 
& Wells is employed in the instruction of the classes to 
illustrate and exemplify the truths of Phrenology, and 
a diploma is granted to each student in the name of 
the Institute. 

From the formation of the Phrenological Society, to 
the incorporation of the Institute of Phrenology, and 
ever since, the author has been annually engaged in ex- 
tended courses of instruction, and has generally given 
over eighty lectures in each course, and students, men and 
women, from all parts of the United States and Canada, 
also from England, Scotland, France, Germany, Sweden, 
and New Zealand, have been in attendance, and about 
three hundred students have been graduated. Some, 
as public lecturers in the field of Phrenology, have won 
fame and fortune; others have entered the pulpit, the 
bar, the college professorship, the practice of medicine, 
or the educational sphere ; and some find in business 
profitable use for their Phrenological education. 



Health Laws Practically Applied. 351 

One great object in the establishment of the " Insti- 
tute " was to impart to students a thorough course of 
instruction in practical Phrenology ; to transfer, so far 
as possible, all that time and experience have enabled the 
older members of the profession to impart. A Phre- 
nologist who has had large experience should be able in 
a few lectures to impart to a student more of the sub- 
ject than he could find out by long years of unaided 
practice. We wish to leave a strong and well-instructed 
profession to carry the subject forward when time shall 
release us from the useful and pleasant labor. 



CHAPTEK XXXV. 

HEALTH LAWS PRACTICALLY APPLIED A COLLEGE STU- 
DENT SAVED BY EXAMINATION. 

A young man, E. S., from Long Island came to me 
for examination. He had been a year in college, and 
broken down, and in a year at home on the farm had 
not gained, but rather continued to lose. I insisted 
that he should give up the use of fine wheat flour, but- 
ter and sugar, as producing in the system only heat 
and excitement, and offering no good basis for either 
mental or physical effort, and that he should sleep 
abundantly, live in the fresh air and sunshine, and in 
cool weather dress the extremities warmly. This was 
in April. In August he came in on his way back to 
college with an increase of eleven pounds in weight 
within three months, and that in midsummer, when he 
generally lost six pounds. 



352 College Students Saved — Can I Study? 

He went through college with success and honor, en- 
tered upon the profession of teaching, and is at the head 
of a large school in a thriving town, where his work is 
considered of the best, and his achievement in teach- 
ing, governing, and making the institution prosper, a 
model. He and his work are quoted far and near. 
He has said publicly that he owes not only success, but 
life itself, to my advice, and he has shown his apprecia- 
tion and gratitude by every laudable effort to extend a 
knowledge of our subject, and to promote the interest 
of my pocket and the area and quality of my reputa- 
tion. 

CAN I GO ON WITH STUDY ? 

A young man with a large brain and slender body 
was a student, and he had been laid up from work, and 
desiring to visit Germany to prosecute his studies, he 
came to see what we would say of him and his future. 
We entered upon an analysis of the subject of diet as 
connected with study and sedentary life, and told him 
he might proceed with study if he would live as we 
prescribed. We allowed him lean beef, mutton, 
eggs, fish, milk, Graham bread, oatmeal, and eight 
hours' sleep ; but proscribed line flour, sugar, butter, 
spices, tobacco, coffee, and alcohol. The following let- 
ter from him will explain itself : 

" Stuttgart, Germany, Feb. 13, 1878. — Mr. IS". 
Sizee, Phrenological Booms, Broadway, N. Y. : Dear 
Sir : Allow me to express to you my great satisfaction 
with the success of the system of diet and living in gen- 
eral, recommended by you to me on August 31, 1876. 



Ladies Weighing 220 and 260 Pounds. 353 

Although I have not been able to follow the sugges- 
tions without intermission, I have gained, in a year, 
about thirty pounds of flesh, though I have continued 
to study, and the improvement in my health has 
been something remarkable. In fact, nearly every one 
comments upon it. I feel it as a duty I owe to you to 
tell you of the great benefit I have derived from fol- 
lowing your advice. Hoping others will receive as 
much benefit from your instruction as I have, 

" I remain yours, very truly, ." 

A LADY WEIGHING 220 LBS. 

I received a call for an examination in 1880 from a 
lady of New Haven, who weighed 220 lbs., when her 
head and frame required but 140 at most, and she was 
obliged to bandage her ankles to keep them from crip- 
pling. When the examination respecting character 
and disposition was completed, I asked her if she would 
prefer to weigh less, and her reply indicated an earnest 
desire to be improved in this respect. 

I showed her that with her temperament she could 
convert into fatty tissue everything that ministers to 
fatness ; that she could thus convert six ounces of butter 
and a pound of sugar a day. Hence, I told her that 
eagles and lions live solely on flesh meat, and that such 
as they get is not very fat, also that no meat-eating 
animal is ever fat ; but that grain fattens the healthy 
eater because it is largely charged with saccharine mat- 
ter. I told her to eat unbolted wheat, and that but spar- 
ingly, and eat lean meat mainly, and tart fruit freely. 

She entered upon her new course of diet and lost six 



354 The Thin Made Plump. 

pounds a month for six months, and became strong, 
tough, and healthy, and wondered why no. one else had 
told her. 

She had a lady friend who weighed 260 lbs., whom 
she proselyted, and in one year that friend lost 100 lbs. 
in weight, and improved not in looks only, but in 
health and vigor. I had the pleasure of meeting both 
of them, and their happy thanks will never be for- 
gotten. 

The fact is, the weight of a healthy person who has 
a tendency to become fat, and a strong disposition to 
get thinner and not lose health, can regulate the weight 
to a pound by the diet. Even pigs, the most strongly 
adapted of all animals to take on fatness, if fed only on 
lean offal and blood at a slaughter-house, grow tall, 
long, bony, and ferocious, but are never fat. Three 
months of feeding on corn, which is full of sugar 
material, will make the same animals too fat to walk. 

THE THIN MADE PLUMP. 

On the 22d of February, 1878, a young man 
called at our office for an examination who was a dys- 
peptic, very nervous and much emaciated. He was 
broken down by overwork and wrong habits of diet, 
and he had adopted a coarse of regimen for his recov- 
ery by taking a great amount of exercise and living 
very sparingly in order to starve out the dyspepsia and 
allay a kind of nervous fever which afflicted him. We 
advised him, among other things, to sleep much in 
order to rest his brain and nervous system, and told him 
he was eating too little, and exercising too much. He 
had come to New York from a distance to get advice 



Gained 32 Pounds in 85 Days. 355 

and treatment, if perad venture there might be found any 
help for him. He came to our office before selecting a 
physician or adopting a new course of treatment. We 
gave him our advice, and he entered at once upon its 
adoption and practice. In one week he had so much 
improved that he went home, and at the end of thirty- 
five days he wrote : 

" H., Pa., March 29, 1878.— Nelson Sizer, Dear 
Sir : You will remember when I came to you, February 
22d, my weight was 103 pounds ; now it is 121 pounds, 
and I feel very much better. My nerves are not alto- 
gether in order yet, but I sleep soundly from six to 
nine hours every night ; and, as you say, sleep will do 
them more good than anything else, I think they 
must soon gain their healthy condition. 

" Yery truly yours, C. B." 

Again he writes: "May 17, 1878. Dear Sir: I 
am still improving. My weight is 135 pounds.* 

"C. B." 

Thus, in five days less than three months he gained 
thirty-two pounds. He came to New York with $150 
in his pocket to spend in the recovery of his health, 
and he came to us, wanting an examination, and expect- 
ing we could send him to a capable doctor, who would 
not take his money and do him no good. I sent him 
home with $145, and be found the advice good for 
mind, body, and estate. 

PHRENOLOGY OF CHILDREN. 

The characters of different persons develop at differ- 
ent ages. Some have an activity of nearly all their 



356 Phrenology Applied to Children. 

faculties while they are children. Their minds are 
harmonious in action, and their judgments, so far as 
they extend, are sound upon all subjects of which they 
have knowledge. Other children ripen slowly in gen- 
eral. Others, again, have certain faculties very active, 
while other faculties remain latent for years. Such are 
called green, awkward, blunder-headed, and so they are. 
In this latter class, many organs are of full or large 
size, and have not yet come into activity. With such, 
a phrenological examination, in some respects, is a 
prophecy of what they are to be, rather than a history 
of what they are or have been. 

In the examination of children, therefore, one-half 
we say of the child's capabilities may not yet have re- 
ceived illustration and practical demonstration in his 
conduct or history. A phrenological examination, how- 
ever, if sought for with a view to practical use and im- 
provement, is not necessarily a mere history of what 
the individual has done; and should not be valued 
either theoretically as it respects its truthfulness, #r 
practically with reference to its utility, on the basis of 
having already been shown in the child's character. 

We discover talents for mathematics and engineer- 
ing, for architecture or art, in a child who has never 
yet had an opportunity to show these talents practically. 
In this case the inference or announcement is a proph- 
ecy. Sometimes we find large Self-esteem and Firm- 
ness; but by the peculiar training and circumstances of 
the child, these traits have not been prominently mani- 
fested. We often find Combativeness large in amiable 
little girls, whose position and surroundings have been 
such as to soften and soothe, and to smooth their path- 



Girl Killed by Study. 357 

way! We have been sometimes disputed by parents 
and others as to correctness in such cases. But live 
years of experience on the part of sucli a child would 
often call out all the Combativeness we attributed to 
her, and the parents have confessed their mistake, and 
the truthfulness of the original delineation. 

We remember a little girl ten years of age, in this 
city, who was brought to us six years since for an ex- 
amination and a full written character. Her life had 
been passive, vegetative, and quiet. We attributed to 
her, however, a high order of intellect, great force of 
character, and insatiable ambition. Her parents pro- 
nounced all these strong points incorrect, and said that 
we had given her more credit than she was deserving 
of — that we had rated her 40 per cent, too high. At 
the age of fifteen, she had become one of the best 
scholars in her circle, exhibited great ambition and re- 
markable ripeness of mind and character. She had, in 
short, redeemed all our prognostications ; and to such 
an extent had she studied and been sustained by her 
ambition and energy, that she had sapped her constitu- 
tion, and fallen a victim to mental excitement and gone 
to the grave. For a year before her death it was a 
common remark, that the prophecy of the phrenolo- 
gist had been proved true in all respects— that her 
character was precisely that which we had attributed tc 
her. Had these parents accepted our advice, and done 
less to urge her forward into premature mental activity, 
she might have been living to-day, an ornament and 
blessing to her family. 

Another instance in Philadelphia, some years since, 
was related to us by a lady, who brought her child to 



358 Bad Child Reformed. 

obtain a full written character. She stated that she 
was induced to procure examination, thus fully re- 
ported and written out, in consequence of an interest- 
ing circumstance which occurred respecting a child of 
a friend of hers. This child, it appears, had been ex- 
amined by us, and all our remarks fully written out — 
in which we stated that the child required a peculiar 
course of treatment — that they would ultimately have 
their hands full in managing it, and that we had laid 
down for their guidance a specific and peculiar mode of 
treatment. This examination had been thrown aside 
and forgotten. The boy had grown in stature, and his 
character had become developed and he unmanageable, 
turbulent, and exceedingly difficult to get along with. 
Accident discovered the forgotten description of char- 
acter; and on reading it, the parents found that our 
predictions, made when the child was comparatively 
tame and passive, had been fully realized and verified 
by the boy's habits and conduct. They resolved from 
that time forward to change their course of treatment, 
and to train him according to our suggestions, written 
down for their guidance years before. 

They went forward at whatever sacrifice of conven- 
ience and patience, endeavoring, as far as possible, to 
conform to our directions. " But, 1 ' said the' lady, 
" strange as it may appear, the child's conduct has be- 
come thoroughly reformed by a single year's training 
under the new regimen, and he has become a model 
boy for his obedience and correctness of character and 
habits." 

This boy, instead of becoming a sorrow and a burden 
to his family, a pest to the neighborhood, and perhaps 



Many Saved by Phrenology. 359 

an audacious, high headed, and quarrelsome man, pos-. 
sibly the inmate of a prison, he was saved to himself, 
to his friends, and to the world. 

Such instances as this encourage us to trust to our 
predictions in the reading of the characters of children, 
although the mothers may deny the truth of our state- 
ments relative to their darling boys — who, to her, seem 
all innocence and purity; but who, if not properly 
trained, will be likely to bring. her hairs, before they 
are gray, with sorrow to the grave. Such instances 
encourage us to labor faithfully in this vineyard, since 
not a week passes that some signal instance, evincing 
the great value of these practical examinations, does 
not come to our knowledge. If we can know that 
every year we save from crime, degradation, and misery 
even fifty such interesting specimens of the human 
race, is it not worthy the labor ? And though we did 
no more than this in the way of leading men of full 
age to mend their ways, to avoid various vices, to make 
more of their efforts and of their manhood, would not 
the world be greatly the gainer by our efforts ? Sup- 
pose that in the many thousands every year whom we 
examine, not more than one in every five should be 
essentially benefited — does not the world get this benefit 
at a cheap rate ? Some may come to us, and, like the 
man who sees " his natural face in the glass, go away 
and forget what manner of man he is." And this is 
true of many, respecting all valuable teaching. All 
men do not become saints who hear good sermons ; but 
we believe that most of our preaching is like Nathan's 
— it is accepted personally ; and more than the world 
knows of, it is put in practice. 



360 General George A. Custer. 



CHAPTER XXXYI. 

GENERAL GEORGE A. CUSTER. 

On the 18th of May, 1875, a quiet gentleman in 
plain, citizen's dress, called at the New York office 
and requested an examination with a full written de- 
scription, which was taken down, as it was spoken, by a 
shorthand writer. I had no idea who he was and pro- 
ceeded with the analysis. As the description was pub- 
lished in full in the Phrenological Journal for Sept., 
1876, we make a brief extract: 

" Your head, measuring 23 inches, is large, and, as 
we estimate body and brain, a man with a 23-inch 
head, to be well proportioned, ought to weigh 175 
pounds. You need ten or fifteen pounds more of good 
flesh on you, and you have frame enough to take it. 
If you can contrive to sleep an hour or two more every 
night, for the next six months, it will make some 
difference; for sleep is the only thing that rests the 
brain, and it was ordained for that purpose. In the 
second place, let us advise you to avoid everything 
exciting in the way of luxury, condiment, food, or 
drink ; for anything that you eat and drink, which is 
calculated to heat and inflame the system, sets your 
nerves on fire, worse than it does those of most men. 

" Yon should always avoid overdoing. It is as natu- 
ral for you to overdo as it is for birds to spread their 
wings when they feel in a hurry, and it makes little 



General Custer. 361 

difference what your business is, you would contrive 
somehow to overdo at it. You make work of pleasure. If 
you were an overworked citizen, and went to the country 
to rusticate for a month in the summer, you would get 
up all sorts of enterprises, and excursions to mountain 
tops, romantic ravines, fishing grounds and what-not ; 
and you would blister your hands with rowing, and your 
feet with tramping, and your face with unaccustomed 
exposure to sunshine, and you would be a sort of cap- 
tain-general of all such doings. If you were an army 
officer and in active service, you would get as much 
work out of a horse as General Custer or Phil. Sheridan 
would, that is to say, as much as the horse could render. 
If you were running a machine, that machine would 
have to go a few turns faster to the minute than ma- 
chines of that sort were usually run." 

When I got through dictating and desired to write 
the name in connection with the notes, he declined, 
just yet, to give it, and asked many questions about 
his domestic and other relations to life, and when these 
were all answered, I repeated the question for the name 
and he replied quietly, " Custer." Then I did not sup- 
pose it to be General Custer, and I asked for the initials, 
as I had to send the description by mail, and he replied 
"G. A.," and then I did not know who the "G. A." 
referred to, as I had never noticed what General Cus- 
ter's given name was. And then I said, u You are not 
General Custer? " " Yes." " But where is your long 
hair? I never saw you, but supposed your hair was 
long." " Oh," said he, " I have had that cut off." 

He was then on his way to Phil. Sheridan's wedding 
at Chicago, and on the 25th of June, 1876, thirteen 
16 



362 Phrenology and Religion. 

months later, he was slaughtered with his command by 
the Sioux Indians in Montana; a verification of my 
description of his fiery energy which betrayed him to 
his doom. 

PHRENOLOGY AND RELIGION. 

In the early days of Phrenology, many ministers of 
religion feared that its tendency was toward infidelity, 
and they urged, what they asserted as a fact, that most 
persons who are infidel to religion are believers in 
Phrenology. The same argument could have been, and 
was, urged against the doctrines of Galileo, viz., " They 
are false in philosophy and heretical in religion." 

Men who are not bound by a system of religious 
tenets to reject everything not specially taught by it, 
feel free to look into new things and thus believe what- 
ever seems true and useful, and do not wait'to learn the 
opinion or the pleasure of sacerdotal authority. As 
the church dignitaries have ever been guarded as to 
new theories, and slow to adopt them, the skeptical 
world has accused the Church of opposing science, and 
being inimical to truth. 

If the brain be the organ of the mind, and if the 
character is indicated by its size, quality, and develop- 
ment, it is founded in nature, it is a part of the work of 
God, and must be found in harmony with all other 
truth. We take it that the Bible was not intended to 
be an embodiment of philosophy. It does not pretend 
to teach physiology, chemistry, astronomy, or natural 
philosophy ; these being left, like mathematics and en- 
gineering, for the intellect and experience of men to 
work out. Phrenology is a part of physiology, and has 



Infidels Converted by Phrenology. 363 

its own laws, makes its own argument, and gives its 
own demonstration. 

Religion relates to the character of God and the 
moral duties of man ; and, so far as the Bible is con- 
cerned, never pretended to reveal natural science. All 
natural truth and all moral truth should stand side 
by side doing the will and work of God in the interest 
and for the development of man, and they have no 
more reason to quarrel than the planets have with each 
other under the great, general, and special laws which 
keep all in place, and each fulfilling its own work. 

Religious people often avoid investigation of new 
subjects, under the idea that their faith embraces all 
necessary truth. 

Skeptics have no venerable faith to prevent them 
from investigation, and thus they often are found a 
whole generation in advance of believers in religion, in 
the investigation and adoption of truth new to the 
general mind ; not that such truths are opposed to re- 
ligion or have any natural alliance with infidelity. 

INFIDELS CONVERTED BY PHRENOLOGY. 

In the year 1842, we met the Rev. Mr. Benton, a 
Congregational minister, at Saxton's River, Vt. He 
gladly opened his church for our lectures, and while 
there, told us of his conversion from infidelity to 
Christianity, by means of Phrenology. He was a stu- 
dent at Dartmouth, and he and a friend were noted for 
their rank infidelity. They were the marked men of 
the college in this respect, and they were hated, and 
their influence feared. Many a sermon was framed by 
the President to neutralize their influence. 



36tt Fkom Infidelity to the Pulpit. 

A debate was started to test the merits of religion, 
versus infidelity — Benton and his friend being the 
chief promoters, with a view to a victory, or at least to 
worry their opponents, and make their own views 
prominent. Having heard from religious people that 
Phrenology favored infidelity, they thought they 
would get some books, read up, and use Phrenology as 
a club to break down Christianity, if possible. They 
bought the books and read them carefully, and they 
were led by their teaching to see that if man was 
organized to reverence a Creator, to love justice and 
mercy, to anticipate an immortal and spiritual state, 
then these great truths must be a part of the universe 
of truth and worthy of instant acceptance. Full of 
this thought, Benton went down to the bank of the Con- 
necticut river, in the grove of pines back of the college, 
and was walking for an hour in silence, while his old 
belief, or disbelief, was dissolving ; when, who should 
come to the pine grove but his friend, pale, worn, and 
solemn. They walked together for a while in silence, 
when the friend said, "Benton, Phrenology has taught 
me to believe in God and a future state, and I can not 
take the infidel side of the debate." 

" I seized him by the hand," said Benton, " and with 
tears of joy acknowledged that the books had led me to 
the same conclusion. 

" We went through college, both prepared for the 
ministry, and for ten years have been preaching the 
truth of God and immortality ; and now you know why 
I opened my church to you, and why I preach 
Phrenology from the pulpit at eveiy fitting oppor- 
tunity." 



Is Conscience Innate? 305 

It is probably true that the tendency of Phrenology 
is to promote a unity in religious belief ; for, to any re- 
flecting mind, it must be obvious that such conflicting 
theological theories as exist in the world must be, in 
some respects, erroneous, for truth is ever in harmony 
with itself. If Phrenology raises the infidel from hi's 
disbelief, why should it not soften down some of the 
excrescences of sectarianism, and thus tend to a com- 
mon platform of religious belief and practice ? This 
should be the tendency of a correct system of mental 
philosophy. 

As being adapted to this subject, the following may 
be appropriate. 

IS CONSCIENCE TNNATE ? 

In March of the year 1S82, a friend wrote me the 
question, " Is Conscience Innate ? " and my reply to him 
may properly find a place here : 

~No fact is better settled than this, that men have a 
feeling which is gratified by whatever the common 
judgment of the world regards as right, and pained by 
anything which, by general consent, is regarded as 
wrong. This feeling is called Conscience. If the feel- 
ings of fear, of hope, of kindness, of anger, pride, am- 
bition, love, or hatred, be natural and inborn — and who 
dares deny that they are — why is not the sense of right 
and wrong equally so? Everybody knows that some 
have a strong current of sympathy, while others always 
show too little ; some are gloomy, others hopeful ; some 
rash, others extra prudent, and these traits are seen to 
be strong or weak from the beginning of conscious 



366 Conscience. 

activity to the close of life. Now we assert, and believe 
every school-teacher will agree with us, that there seems 
to be as much difference in sense of right and duty, or 
Conscience, in children, as there is in any other trait of 
character. How any sensible man, not sadly destitute 
of Conscience, could ever doubt the innate presence 
and power of the faculty, we can not conceive. 

It is true that many eminent writers on mental 
science have tried to explain the trait we call Con- 
science by referring it to the force and activity of 
other faculties. Mandeville attributed it to the love of 
praise ; Hume to utility ; Dr. Paley to the desire for 
everlasting happiness. 

On the contrary, Dr. Clark, Dr. Hutcheson, Dr. 
Adam Smith, Dr. Reid, Lord Karnes, and Mr. Stewart, 
maintained the existence of a moral faculty in man 
which produces the sentiment of right or wrong, inde- 
pendently of any other consideration. 

Human nature hungers for the right as really as it 
hungers for food. Imagine a man destitute of the idea 
of justice in himself and all others, and it would at a 
single sweep annihilate society and civilization — none 
could trust his fellow — each would look on others as 
robbers, and all he had, even to life itself, would be in 
imminent jeopardy. To live in society, man must be- 
lieve in the integrity of his fellows — locks and bolts, 
courts and jails" are only for a few who have their 
native sense of justice and conscience either originally 
weak or blunted. Are we told that men refrain from 
theft and robbery solely through, fear ? Some may be, 
for there are those who are weak in one faculty or 
another, but whosoever tells us there is no honesty ex- 



Conscience. 367 

cept that which, is born of fear, we would incline to dis- 
miss at once from our company, count our spoons and 
chickens when they were gone, and be careful to lock 
our stable door whenever we expected them on our 
premises. 

There ought t© be no doubt that an innate faculty 
exists, the office of which is to produce the sentiment 
of justice, or the feeling of obligation, independently 
of selfishness, hope of reward, fear of punishment, or 
any extrinsic motive ; a faculty, in short, the natural 
language of which is " Fiat justitia, mat coelum" — 
let justice be done though the Heavens fall. 

Conscience is but a part of the human mind, as rea- 
son is another part. They may act with different de- 
grees of vigor, or they may act in equality and 
harmony. 

Instinct mainly governs animals and leads them always 
to do right in their own sphere ; human training may 
modify their action by imposing rules which they fear 
to disobey, but they lack conscience as volition of their 
own, or the feeling which teaches them to do right be- 
cause it is right. Man is endowed to a certain extent 
with instinct, but unlike the animal he is endowed 
with reason and conscience. Thes*e are specially hu- 
man faculties, belong together though often acting in 
different degrees of strength, but ought to work to- 
gether in finding out what is right and proper, and 
then feeling impelled to do it. 

Joseph Cook says : " Conscience is that which per- 
ceives and feels lightness and oughtness in moral mo- 
tives — that is, in choices and intentions." " Our sense 
of what ought to be, invariably requires us to choose 



368 Facts Ovekrated or Wrongly Hated. 

what conscience commands." " Conscience guarantees 
only good intentions." 

We need the aid of intellect and experience to find 
out what is useful, beneficial and just, between man 
and man, or our own conduct toward the lower 
animals, but conscience comes in to justify us in the 
motive to do right and to make us uncomfortable if 
we fail to do it. 

We respect men whose intentions are good and 
whose efforts are earnest to do that which they deem to 
be right, though we may know their choice in the di- 
rection of effort is not sound or reasonable. Men 

often 

u Know the right and still the wrong pursue," 

and try to conceal their misdeed?, showing that they 
acted without a consciousness of right intention. Such 
men we can not respect as we do him who means right, 
and still does wrong through ignorance or misinfor- 
mation. 

Conscience asks, what is right? Intellect aids in 
finding out ; then conscience insists that the right be 
done. This is conscience, and happy is he whose con- 
science impels him to obey its dictates. 

FACTS AND OPINIONS OVERRATED OR WRONGLY 

RATED, WHICH? 

It is amusing to us to listen to the judgments ex- 
pressed by persons who have been examined, in regard 
to the truthfulness of our inferences respecting their 
talents and dispositions. Most men look upon them- 
selves with more favor, morally, than they deserve ; 
and very many underestimate their talents. If per- 



The " Bungler " got a Patent. 369 

sons have not had experience in the exercise of their 
talents for science or literature, or in the higher walks 
of business, they are apt to estimate their capabilities 
by the leanness of their experience. Hence, when we 
attribute certain talents to individuals, they often think 
we natter, solely from the fact that, not having tried 
themselves in the various departments of intellectual 
effort, they are not conscious of possessing as much 
natural power as we attribute to them. We give a man, 
for example, good talent for invention ; but never hav- 
ing invented anything, he supposes that we are in error. 
But circumstances may subsequently undeceive him, 
and verify our predictions. 

We recall a circumstance bearing upon this point. It 
is this : We wrote the character of a young man in 
Philadelphia, and after reading it ail through, he re- 
marked that we had made but one mistake. When 
questioned as to this, he said, " You give me inventive 
talent, which I think I do not possess." We remarked 
to him .that if in all we had said we had made only the 
mistake of giving him more mechanical talent than he 
possessed, we thought the examination very correct, 
and we added : " If you keep your eyes open, and exer- 
cise your inventive talent, you may some time learn 
that we are correct even in this." 

Just three months from that day he came in, smil- 
ing, and said, " Well, I have got my patent papers." 
"What patent papers?" we inquired; "we thought 
you supposed yourself incapable of invention." He 
replied, " I did as you told me — ' kept my eyes open,' 
and all at once, when a necessity arose for something in 
my line of business, which did not exist, I let my mind 
16* 



370 He Undervalued Himself. 

run upon it. And behold the result ! I am only a com- 
mon journeyman mechanic, and had expected to delve 
at common wages all my life, and I have been offered 
more for my invention, the fruit of a few odd hours, 
than I ever expected to be worth." So much for the 
" only error we made in his examination." We hope 
the correct statements will prove equally as advan- 
tageous to him as this one, which he deemed incorrect. 
A man from Connecticut called at our office, not long 
since, with another man whom he wished to have ex- 
amined. After this examination was concluded, and 
pronounced by the subject and his friend to be correct, 
the friend remarked that he thought we overrated, 
some years previously, his own mechanical talent ; 
u For," said he, "I never supposed myself much of a 
mechanic; still, you marked the organ large." k 'And 
so it is," we replied. Seeing that he had lost one hand, 
we inquired respecting it, and he said it was cut off in 
a press or punching machine. " If you were not me- 
chanical," we inquired, " how came you to be attending 
a press whose dies were large enough to cut off a man's 
hand, as that nice piece of machinery requires a good 
workman." This rather seemed to stagger him ; for, as 
the sequel proved, he made the dies himself, to use 
which really requires good mechanical talent. " But," 
we inquired further, " what do you do now, since you 
have lost one hand?" " Oh," he remarked, "I am 
superintending this gentleman's silk factory. ,J " And 
what does he pay you a day, pray ? " '' Two dollars and a 
half," was the reply. " What, a man with one hand, 
and no mechanical talent at that, paid two dollars and 
a half a day for superintending a silk factory ! " We 



Too Much Self-Esteem. 371 

turned to the gentleman, and inquired how the man 
succeeded in his position. " Oh," said he, " first rate. I 
have known him for a long time, and we all regard him 
as a first-rate mechanic, and I never before supposed 
that he doubted his ability." The man with one hand 
and a no mechanical talent " saw the box he was in, and 
smilingly gave up the argument. 

Here, then, was a clear instance in which the indi- 
vidual formed an estimate of himself to his own disad- 
vantage, and which all his neighbors knew to be incor- 
rect. Although this man had all his life been doing 
the nicest kinds of mechanical work, he had all the 
time carried with him the impression that he had little, 
if any mechanical talent. The public sentiment, had 
he but interrogated it, would have set him right — at 
least would have contradicted his own notions of him- 
self. It is more disagreeable to others, if not equally 
as disastrous to the individual, to overestimate one's 
abilities. In this case it would lead a person to assume 
positions he could not fill, and undertake projects he 
could not carry out. Such a man always thinks he is 
not appreciated, the world hedges up his way from 
envy, selfishness, or malice, and he inclines to charge 
all his disasters to selfish rivalry, trick, or deceit, and 
consoles himself by confidently expecting proper recog* 
nition at last by the All-wise and All-good. 

We may well. repeat the lines of Burns: 

" O, wad some power the giftie gie us, 
To see oursels as ithers see us ; 
It wad frae monie a blunder free us, 
An' foolish notion." 



372 General Principles of Phrenology. 



CHAPTER XXXYII. 

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PHRENOLOGY. 

The term Phrenology signifies a discourse on the 
mind, and is based on certain definite principles, which 
are as easily understood as the science of chemistry, or 
the laws of natural philosophy. 

Phrenology claims to explain the faculties of the 
mind, by studying the organization of the brain dur- 
ing life. Its doctrines, briefly stated, are : 

1. The brain is the organ or instrument of the mind. 
Every trait of character, every talent, propensity, or 
sentiment, has its organ in the brain. 

2. The mind has many faculties, some of which may 
be stronger or weaker than the rest in the same person ; 
hence the great variety of character and talent among 
men. 

3. Each faculty or propensity of the mind has its 
special organ in the brain. 

4. Size of brain, if the quality be good, is the true 
measure of its power. The brain, when deficient in 
size or low in quality, is always connected with a low 
degree of mental power. Among the lower animals 
the brain is found to be large and complicated in pro- 
portion to the variety and strength of the faculties. 

5. Organs related to each other in function are 
grouped together in the brain. For example, the 
organs of intellect are located in the forehead ; those 
of the social nature in the back-head ; those of passion, 



Quality of Organization. 373 

appetite, and self-preservation in the side-head ; those 
of aspiration, pride, and ambition, in the crown ; and 
those of sentiment, sympathy, morality, and religion, 
in the top-head. 

6. As each function of the body has its specific organ, 
so each faculty of the mind, each sentiment and pro- 
pensity, has its own organ. If this were not so, each 
person would exhibit the same amount of talent or 
power on all subjects, such as arithmetic, languuge, 
music, mechanism, memory, reasoning, love of prop- 
erty, courage, prudence, pride, etc. Everybody knows 
that persons rarely show equal talent on all topics. 
A man may be a genius at one thing, and find it im- 
possible, by long training, to become even respectable 
in other things. This wonld not be the ease if the 
mind were a single power and the brain a single organ. 
As the senses of seeing, hearing, tasting, smelling, etc., 
are not always possessed by each person in an equal 
degree of perfection — these several powers being de- 
pendent on different organs — so the mental faculties 
and dispositions are sometimes very unequal in a given 
person, owing to the greater strength or weakness of 
their respective organs in the brain. Partial genius, 
partial idiocy, and partial insanity sustain the Phren- 
ological theory of the mind. 

7. The quality or temperament of the organization 
determines the degree of vigor, activity, and endur- 
ance of the mental powers. These temperaments are 
indicated by external signs, including the build, com- 
plexion, and texture. Men recognize these qualities 
in their judgment of horses, cattle, and other stock, but 
they do not use the terms we apply to mankind. 



374 



T EMPE R AMENTS. 



There are three temperaments, known as the Motive, 
Vital, and Mental. 

TEMPERAMENTS. 

The Motive Temperament, corresponding to the 
Bilious, has a strong bony system, an abundance of 




Fig. 2.— Motive Tempekament. 



muscle, dark wiry hair, dark eyes, rough, prominent 
features, dark complexion, and a great disposition to 
locomotive effort. The Motive Temperament, in its 



Vital Temperament. 375 

influence on mental manifestation, is favorable to 
dignity, sternness, determination, power of will, and 
desire to govern and control others. It gives slowness 
of passion, desire for heavy labor or large business, and 
a liability to miasmatic diseases. 




Fig. 3.— Vital Temperament. 

The Yital Temperament is evinced by large lungs, 
a powerful circulatory sy stein, and large digestive and 
assimilating organs, abundance of blood, and animal 
spirits. The form is plump, the limbs rounded and 
tapering, the complexion light or florid, with an in- 
clination to take on flesh as age advances. This 
temperament is a combination of the Sanguine and 



376 



Mental Temperament. 



the Lymphatic, as set forth by Mr. Combe and other 
writers; but as the digestive and assimilating organs, 
which constitute the Lymphatic Temperament, to- 
gether with the respiratory and circulatory systems, 
which constitute the Sanguine Temperament, are 
really vital organs, we regard their combination into 
one, under the name of Vital Temperament, as both 
convenient and philosophical. 




Fig. 4.— Mental Temperament. 



The Mental Temperament (formerly called Nervous) 
depends on the development of the brain and nervous 
system, and is indicated by mental activity, light frame, 
thin skin, fine hair, delicate features, and large brain as 



Gov. A. II. Colquitt, of Georgia. 



.'577 



compared with the body. It imparts sensitiveness and 
vivacity to the mind, a disposition to think, study, or 
follow some light and delicate business. 




Gov. A. H. Colquitt, of Georgia— Balance or Harmony of Temperament. 

In this portrait we have a good representation of 
each of the three temperaments, hence health of body 
and harmony of character 



378 



Lymphatic Temperament. 



The structures which, in excess or great pre- 
dominance, determine these temperaments, exist in 
each individual. In one person one temperament may 
predominate — in the next, another. They can be modi- 
fied by proper training. 

Early writers on tem- 
perament recognized a 
condition of body to 
which they gave the 
name " Lymphatic Tem- 
perament." This we 
now regard, not as a 
separate temperament, 
but as an abnormal con- 
dition of one of the ele- 
ments of the Vital Tem- 
perament. Those who 
are endowed with this 

Fig. 6.— Lymphatic— Loud Panmure. j..« v j 

condition, incline to de- 
velop more in the direction of digestion, or the stomach, 
than in the direction of the lungs or breathing power. 
Hence, they are generally sluggish in body and slow in 
mind. They eat enormously, and take on fatness of 
the soft and flabby sort, rather than to drive about and 
work it off in labor of body or mind. This type of de- 
velopment we now regard as an excess of one of the 
factors of the Vital Temperament, on the same principle 
that a man of the Motive Temperament may become 
abnormal in the size and action of the liver and be bil- 
ious, which fact should not give the name bilious to that 
temperament, any more than a person who has the 
Mental Temperament and is more liable to consump- 




The Founder of Phrenology. 379 

tion and insanity than persons of different tempera- 
ment, should be said to have a consumptive tempera- 
ment, or insanity temperament. 

To be lymphatic is a morbid state, and the original 
of our engraving, Lord Panmure, was noted for his ex- 
cessive eating — his stomach was his king, his appetite 
his inspiration, and animalism the outcome. He would 
eat as much as three common men of his age, and was 
obliged to keep his physician at his elbow, not to check 
him as to the quantity or kinds of food taken, but to 
administer antidotes, if necessary, after a heavy meal. 

His head is broad at the base and grows narrow as 
it rises ; his face is not narrow at the eyes, but grows 
wider as it extends downward. His is a " pyriform 
head," but contrary to nature in that type of head, the 
bell of the pear is downward. 



CHAPTER XXXYIII. 

THE founder of phrenology and his coadjutors. 

A few great men have led and governed the world. 
In arts and arms, in law and letters, in religion and sci- 
ence, in mechanics and commerce, a few names only 
stand prominent in the memory of reading men. 

If we estimate the just position of an advanced 
thinker by the value of his discovery, or the elevated 
character of his work, Dr. Gall, the founder of Phre- 
nology, should take a prominent rank, because the sci- 



380 



Dr. Gall, Founder of Phrenology. 



ence of the human mind has to do with character and 
motive, talent, purpose, and aspiration, with morality, 
intelligence, and affection. It is, therefore, a central 
subject and is justly assigned a place at the foundation 
of power and happiness. 

Previous to the dis- 
covery of Phrenology 
by Dr. Gall, on which 
he commenced to give 
public lectures in 1796 
in Germany, his native 
country, the study of 
mind had been vague 
and uncertain, based al- 
most wholly on .specula- 
tive theory and personal 
consciousness. Hence, 

-Dr. F. J. Gall, the Founder of 

phrenoi.ogt. the systems of mental 

philosophy of different writers varied according as 
their individual characters and talents varied. If one 
had a weak sentiment of justice he did not admit con- 
science into his system. If another had it strong he 
would insist on giving it a place. Gall studied the 
brain in connection with character, and regarding 
the brain as the organ of the mind, he learned 
to look for similar character in heads which were alike 
in form ; and thus, step by step, he gained positive 
knowledge, and faculty after faculty were located. Be- 
fore he decided on the locality of an organ of any facul- 
ty or propensity, he determined to find at least a thousand 
decided correspondences between character and develop- 
ment without a solitary exception. That noble head, 




Fte 




Dk. Spurzheim. 381 

able to comprehend facts and willing to follow truth 
regardless where it may lead, is an excellent illustration 
of his great problems : " The brain is the organ of the 
mind, and size of brain, if the quality be good, is the 
measure of power.'' 

He was born March 9, 1758, and died in Paris Aug. 
22, 1828. 

DR. J. G. SPURZHEIM 

was the worthy coadjutor of Dr. 
Gall, the discoverer of Phrenology, 
and, quite as much as his eminent 
master, has laid the world under 
obligation to him. He organized 
the great original principles dis- 
covered by Gall, doing, indeed, 

J ' f. Fig. 7.— Db. Spurzheim. 

for them what the architect and 

mason do for the rough blocks of granite and marble 

which have been forced from their resting-places in the 

mountains. 

He was born in Longwich, Prussia, Dec. 31, 1776, 
was educated in the University of Treves, studied 
medicine in Yienna, became acquainted with Dr. Gall, 
who was physician to the king, studied his discoveries, 
joined him in 1796, became a teacher and author, 
lectured in Germany, France, England, Scotland, and 
the United States, and died in Boston, Mass., Nov. 10, 
1S32, deeply lamented by the best people in America 
and Europe. 

Dr. Spurzheim gave to Phrenology a literature which 
Dr. Gall, in his massive simplicity, had failed to do. 
He re-named most of the organs, discovered several,- 
and wrought out from the facts of Gall a beautiful sys- 



tem of Mental Philosophy. He had a tender and 
affectionate spirit winch won the love of woman ; a 
gentleness which gained the confidence of children ; a 
strength of moral feeling, a massive and cultivated in- 
tellect, and a manly dignity which commanded the pro- 
found respect of great and good men. 

His burial and monument in Mount Auburn were 
fittingly the first that graced that beautiful and classi- 
cal city of the dead. But he inscribed his name npon 
a theme which shall keep his memory fragrant long 
after the marble which marks the resting-place of his 
body shall have crumbled to dust. 

3GE OOMBE. 

If mankind instinctively award 
to Gall and Spurzheim. the great 
-:]es of Phrenology, higher 
honor than to their devoted suc- 
cessors, it is but the fulfillment of a 
natural sentiment of gratitnde and 
reverence. It is great to be the 
first in a new line of thought. u Ir is the first step that 
costs," and easy for others to follow. While we would 
not claim for the followers of Gall and Spurzheim equal 
hon- e must not forget that Mr. Coiube was 

the pnpil and sincere friend of the lamented Spurz- 
heim, and that he, when his great master fell, was re- 
garded by the world as the one to wear the mantle of 
the departed prophet. 

It may be truthfully said that English literature was 
enriched by Combe's pen when he transferred the truths 
of Phrenology to its sacred keeping, in language at 
once vigorous, clear, and elegant. His immortal ** Con- 




Dr. Charles Caldwell. 383 

stitution of Man" is not surpassed in scope and value by 
any work in any language. The fame which his writ- 
ings have given him in the minds of the ripest scholars 
and thinkers, seems to be permanent in every civil- 
ized nation on the globe. 

Mr. Combe was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Oct. 
21, 1788 ; was educated at its University ; studied the 
profession of law, and practiced it successfully for 
many years. Being endowed with great talent for sci- 
entific investigation, he studied anatomy and chemistry 
under eminent masters. He became acquainted with 
Spurzheim in 1816, attended his lectures and demon- 
strations of the brain, and, from a skeptic in regard to 
Phrenology, became convinced that Gall and. Spurz- 
heim's doctrines of the functions of the brain were 
founded in nature, and thenceforth gave to the subject 
his best support. In 1824 he published " A System of 
Phrenology," which is perhaps the ablest technical 
work on the subject in any language. His " Constitu- 
tion of Man " appeared in 1828, and his " Moral Phi- 
losophy" in 1837. He visited America in 1838 and 
returned in 1840, having delivered seventeen courses of 
lectures, 158 in all, occupying two hours each. He 
died August 14, 1858, leaving a fame for learning and 
ability, and a character noted alike for gentleness, 
modesty, and beneficence, which shall be perpetually 
cherished by the thoughtful and the good among all 
enlightened nations. < 

DR. CHARLES CALDWELL. 

This eminent scholar and vigorous ' writer, while in- 
creasing his medical knowledge at Paris, in 1806, 




384: True Mode of Studying the Head. 

formed the acquaintance of Drs. Gall and Spurzheim, 

appreciated their new exposition of mind, and cordially 

adopted their views; and on his return to America, 

was the first to bring the new science of mind to his 

native land. 

He was born in North Carolina, 
May 14, 1772, was educated at the 
Medical University at Philadel- 
phia, practiced his profession with 
success in that city, visited Paris 
^M^., W for further study, edited in Phila- 

^^B&^lfP^ delphia literary and scientific 
„. n „ „ works, filled the chair of Natural 

Pig. 9— Dr. Caldwell. ' 

History in the University of 
Pennsylvania; in 1819 he became a professor of medi- 
cine and clinical practice in the Transylvania University, 
Louisville, Ky. ; in 1837, established in that city a 
Medical Institute, at which he boldly and clearly taught 
Phrenology as one branch of a medical education, and 
so continued until 1849. He was a most able lecturer 
and writer, and his works were translated, and widely 
published in foreign countries. His Ci Phrenology 
Vindicated, and Anti-Phrenology Unmasked," in reply 
to Dr. Sewell's lectures, is a most masterly work, and 
what else could be expected from such a noble head ? 
He died July 9, 1853. 

TJRUE MODE OF STUDYINO THE HEAD. 

For more than forty years we have been trying to 
convince the world, that in the examination of the 
head we do not look for " humps," as is popularly sup- 
posed, but for distance from the spinal axis, at the top 



Not " Bumps," but Distances. 



385 



of the spinal cord (Fig. 10, A), to the surface of the head, 
where the organs are located. If a line be drawn 
through a head 
from the opening 
of one ear to that 
of the other, it 
will pass through 
this brain center, 
'called Medulla 
Oblongata. The 
brain is developed 
by fibers running 
from this central 
point to the sur- 
face of the head, 
and largeness of 
brain is made by 
the length of 
these fibers, in 
like manner as a 
wagon-wheel is 
made large by the 
length of its spokes 
from the hub. Some 
heads are two inches 
wider than others 
from the opening of 
one ear to that of 
the other, yet the 
surface of the head 

has no ii bumps W Fig. ll.— Base op Brain, showing lbngth op 
-L * Fibers from the Centre to the 

The- lines from the circumference. 

opening of the ear to the root of the nose or to the top 

oi the forehead, or directly upward, or to the crown, 




Fig. 10.— A. Medulla Oblongata, where the 

Fibers Start. B. Spinal Cord. 

C. Cerebellum. 




386 Slr William Hamilton. 

or to the middle of the back-head, will be in one head 
two inches longer than in another head of equal width, 
and yet there are no bumps on the head any more 
than there are bumps on a large apple. The apple is 
large because the distance from the core is great every 
way. 

Some heads are irregular in form, showing a differ- 
ence in the length of the fiber-lines in different parts 
of the head. One has a wide, short head ; another has 
a head large at the base and low in the top ; and where 
the fibers are long, the functions will be strong ; where 
the fibers are short, the functions will be weaker. 

One man's brain is mainly in front of the ears ; he 
has talent, and but little force. Another has great de- 
velopment between and back of the ears and is short in 
front, and he is not intelligent, but very passionate, 
selfish, base, and animal in his instincts. One is full 
and high in the top-head, but small in the base of the 
brain, and he is moral, persevering, and dignified, but 
lacks energy. One is very long in the back-head, and, 
perhaps, upward and forward the head is moderate in 
development, and he is extremely social and loving, 
but lacks intelligence and morality ; and all these forms 
of head come from the lengthening or shortening of 
the brain fibers, as shown by the radiating lines on the 
two engravings. All this may occur without showing 
what would be called a bump. 

This explanation, though often made, has not led 
physicians and others, who, by this time, ought to be 
better informed, to give up their old objection to Phre- 
nology, based on their theory of bumps. They repeat 
Sir William Hamilton's criticism, fifty years old, that a 



Dr. .Sewell. 387 

skull may be in one place thicker by the eighth of an 
inch than it is in another place, and thus the external 
and internal surfaces of the skull not always being par- 
allel, therefore no one can tell by the bumps the 
strength of the faculties. If the last quarter of an inch 
on the surface of the head must tell by a bump, or the 
want of it, the size of the several organs, then the old, 
stale, but falsely based objection would have weight. 

But, judging as we do, by the length of the lines 
from the central point above described, the bump ob- 
jection goes to the wall, and a sound, scientific basis of 
practical Phrenology is established. The difference of 
two full inches in the width, height, or length of heads, 
according to this way of explaining them, makes the 
matter clear, that an expert can determine the real or 
relative size of different parts of the brain without 
looking for bumps. The subject will be further illus- 
trated by other engravings. 

On showing these illustrations (Figs. 10 and 11) to a 
gentleman, he remarked, " Oh ! that is a new dodge, 
isn't it ? — you used to talk about bumps as the basis of 
character-reading. '' 

We replied : " The public have talked bumps, but 
we never did, and to show you that this is not a new 
idea, or a new dodge, as you gracefully call it, 1 beg to 
read to you from a book, Dr. SewelPs Lectures against 
Phrenology, published in 1836, as follows: 

" My object on the present occasion will be briefly to 
present to your view some of the leading principles of 
Phrenology," etc. 

" 8th. That the brain is composed of at least thirty- 
four Phrenological organs, or pairs of organs, all com- 



388 



Development Illustrated. 



mencing at the medulla oblongata or top of the spinal 
marrow, and radiating to the surface of the brain." 

Thus, so long ago as 1836 the radial development 
from the brain center was an old doctrine. 

The force of the idea now before the reader will be 
conspicuously set forth by reference to the following 

diagrams. 

Fig. 12 shows three heads, 
the opening of the ear be- 
ing the point to which all 
\ the heads are brought as a 
• starting-point. The idiotic 
/ head being small, all its lines 
from the brain center are 
short, and therefore the en- 
tire head and face fall with- 
in the lines of the other two. 
The next, or intermediate, 
is the head of a man who 
It shows long lines from the 
ear backward ; rather long lines from the ear to the 
upper back-head, but forward toward the intellectual 
and upward toward the moral region the lines are com- 
paratively short. In the base of this head where the 
organs of passion and propensity are located the head 
is large, while in the region of morality and talent the 
head is deficient. The larger head is the outline of 
John Clare, an English poet, which will be seen to 
be much larger in the forehead or intellectual region, 
and also better developed in the top-head, where the 
moral organs are located ; but in the lower back-head 
the murderer's head projects beyond that of the poet. 




Fig. 12. 

murdered his brother 



Contrasts in Heads. 



389 



Indeed, the murderer's head, a east of which we have, 
is very broad and heavy at the base, narrow, thin, and 
pinched at the top, the crown, where Firmness and Self- 
esteem are located, being the only part of the top-head 
at all well developed. 

In the engraving (Fig. 13), 
there is a marked difference 
between the two heads. It 
will be seen how much longer 
the lines are from the open- 
ing of the ear to the front and 
top parts of the larger head, 
w T hile the other is scrimped 
in front and top, and extends 
backward more than the 
other. There are no " bumps" 
visible in the outline of either 
head, but the length of line 
from the opening of the ear in each case shows a 
marked difference. Any one can not help seeing the 
difference, and the differences thus seen, show the di- 
versity of the characters, and this recognition of differ- 
ence is practical Phrenology. 




Fig. 13. 



CONTRASTS IN HEADS BACK AND TOP VIEWS. 

Most persons readily see any striking differences in 
the form of heads, but they do not know what these 
differences signify. In Fig. 14 we have the back view 
of two heads, which shows great differences in their 
width where the organs of the selfish propensities are 
located, and also in the top-head, or region of morality. 
The inside outline represents the head of Gosse, an 
Englishman, who was unselfish in money matters, and 



390 



Contrasts in Heads. 



altogether too liberal, as a giver, for his own good. He 
was conscientious and benevolent, and gave away a 
fortune lavishly and unwisely, having too little Acquisi- 
tiveness and Secretiveness to counteract his excessive 
Benevolence. The dotted outline represents the broad, 
low head of Patch, who slyly murdered his friend for 
his money. The organs in the side-head were enor- 
mous, indicating powerful Acquisitiveness, which gives 
the love of property ; also Secretiveness, which gives 
policy, concealment, and cunning ; and Destructive- 
ness, which gives severity and the power of nerve to 
take life, under strong, special motives. Behold, on 
the contrary, how low the development of the moral 
and religious organs, situated in the top-head, as com- 
pared with that of Gosse, and how strong the contrast 
in the side organs, where selfishness, severity, and cun- 
ning are located. 




Fig. 14.— Back View. 

Gossk.— Liberal Giver. 

Patch.— Murderer. 




Pig. 15.— Top View of the 
same Heads. 



In Fig. 15 we have a top view of the same heads. 
Where such great differences exist in heads, a mere tyro 
in Phrenology need not mistake in his inferences. 
Such heads may be seen every day in any large city, 



Four Heads of Diverse Form. 391 

therefore the business man ought to be so instructed in 
regard to heads and character, as to be able to recog- 
nize them at a glance. Rogues and tricky villains con- 
stantly mingle with business men in large cities, and are 
looking for chances to prey upon the property of the 
honest and hard-working, and nearly every morning 
the papers tell us of their attempts and successes. A 
dollar's worth of Phrenological books carefully studied 
by the active men of business, would enable them to 
"spot" and avoid or baffle the knaves whose daring 
deeds of burglary, forgery, and murder daily startle 
the busy world; and also to 
know at once who have the 
moral developments which in- 
dicate integrity, as a sound 
basis for confidence and trust. 
These four heads are drawn 
to a scale by an instrument, 
the eye and opening of the ear, 
in each case, being the start- 
ing point. As the brain de- 
velops from its center, repre- 
sented by an engraving on 
p. 384, in radial fibers to the 
surface, and as we judge the diverse form. 

strength of the several organs Fig - *• ^2*^1^1^°* ^ 
by the length of these fibers, " f; S| o?SfS- 
the reader will see that in the « 4 . father Berlin, Chris- 

n • TT*- -t • tian Philanthropist. 

moral region rig. 1 is very 

deficient, while the head is massive behind the ears, in 
the region of the animal. History accuses him of the 
worst crimes that stain the annals of the hnman race. 




392 Form and Growth of Head. 

Fig. 2 3 Zeno, the Philosopher, shows a massive fore- 
head, and good reasoning organs, ample moral develop- 
ment, and medium social feelings. Fig. 3, Philip II. 
of Spain, shows good practical intellect, strong relig- 
ious organs, with- the exception of Benevolence, and 
enormous ambition, love of power, and a tyrannical 
will, as shown by the immense crown-region of the 
head. Fig. 4, Father Oberlin, shows an excellent in- 
tellect, eminent religious development as shown in the 
great elevation of the top-head, with a medium degree 
of the back-head, or social power. 

History scarcely presents stronger contrasts in char- 
acter than is shown by the owners of these four heads, 
and if studied carefully according to the phrenological 
theory of development, they afford a masterly vindica- 
tion of the truth of the science. People often say, 
" Heads seem so much alike they do not see how it is 
possible to detect such differences as we describe." In 
these heads, the observer need only note the difference 
from the opening of the ear to the circumference of 
each, and mark the contrasts. 

FORM AND GROWTH OF HEAD (FIG. 17). 

By the following engraving, copied from an English 
book by Nicholas Morgan, it is designed to illustrate 
the form and relative size of the head, from infancy to 
the age of fifty years. The chief magnitude of the 
inner or infantile figure is seen to be upward and back- 
ward from the opening of the ear. The anterior, or 
intellectual region, is comparatively small. As nature 
is economical in many ways, that portion of the brain 
which is first needed by the infant to preside over ani- 



Growth of Head Illustrated. 



393 




Fig. 17.— Growth op Head. 



mal life, is of ample size, while the intellectual and 
moral region, not needed at first, is kept small for an 
obvious reason. The opening of the ear in this case is 
exactly in the middle of 
the head, but the back por- 
tion being higher, is much 
the larger. 

The second outline shows 
the same head, developed 
by increased age, in which 
the anterior part of the 
head has increased in size 
more than the back part, 
showing nine parts in front 
and seven parts behind the 
ear. In the third outline, 
as will be seen, it has in- 
creased still more in front of the ear, and in the an- 
terior, upward expansion, than it has in the back part ; 
and the last, or outer figure, showing a head at fifty 
years of age, at its best maturity, has been increased 
mainly in the upper and forward parts. 

The brain will grow, if it be exercised, and is con- 
nected with a body sufficiently large and healthy to 
give requisite support to the brain, until the age of 
sixty-five, though many grow little after the thirtieth 
year. The brains represented in the diagram would 
contain — 1st, 38 cubic inches; 2d, 75 inches; 3d, 114 
inches; 4th, 150 inches, admitting them to be of only 
average size ; but it has been ascertained by thousands 
of careful measurements of heads, by the late Mr. 
James Stratton, of Scotland, that the largest so 
17* 



394 Phrenology as a Science. 

measured, would give, 1st, 48 cubic inches ; the 2d, 95 ; 
the 3d, 143, and the 4th, 190 ; thus showing, in the 
average, a great, gradual increase of brain. 

Now if the reader will refer back to page 384, and 
consider the radial lengthening of the fibers of the 
brain, from the center to the circumference therein 
shown, he will see in the present diagram the effect of 
such growth from infancy to mature life. Yet there 
are no " bumps," and the true phrenologist never looks 
for any, but for radial distance from the brain center. 

PHRENOLOGY AS A SCIENCE. 

"Fifty years ago a few of the common people in 
America entered seriously into the study of Phrenology 
as a means of culture and personal improvement. 
Many regarded it as a subject for the excitement of 
curiosity, mirth, and amusement. Since that time 
Spurzheim, Combe, and the American phrenologists 
have widely disseminated its truths ; have taught the 
world that the study of mind, practically, in its rela- 
tions to education, morals, and business, is of vast im- 
portance ; and, pointing out a scientific method of un- 
derstanding mind and character, the great volume of 
human life has been opened to plain people as well as 
to scholars, and thus that great central study — human 
nature — is no longer confined to the higher seminaries 
of learning, and but mystically set forth, under the 
name of metaphysics, at that; but it has been reduced 
to tangible criticism and demonstration, like chem- 
istry and natural philosophy, and made so plain that 
mothers, teachers, merchants, and business men, as 
well as the professional class, are able to judge of the 



Benefits of Phrenology. 395 

natural worth and talent of a stranger, and especially 
to read, without serious mistake, the varied dispositions 
of the children of a given family, or of a class of pupils, 
or of people as they are met in the daily walks of 
business. Before phrenology was known, the wisest 
of men had no means of deciding, with anything like 
certainty, the talents or character of a stranger ; and 
hopeful mothers looked upon their darlings as so many 
angelic blanks, each likely to realize her fondest expec- 
tations. Now phrenology tells her how to guide the 
wayward and encourage the timid, and thus reach de- 
sired results. A mother can learn to estimate her child's 
character as quickly and correctly as she can learn to 
fit and make its dresses, or properly prepare its food. 

A lawyer can learn to read the dispositions and 
talents of his jury, or the witnesses in a case, in half 
the time it took him to learn the law, and the rules of 
practice, and this knowledge would more than double 
his power. In fact, there is no useful walk of life 
which brings mind into contact with mind, that this 
comprehensive science of first principles has not a 
profitable word to offer. 

There is ten times more in men and women than 
they realize, and their relation to business and effort 
could be wonderfully improved if they knew their 
just powers and weaknesses ; and in like manner the 
moral and social happiness might be greatly enhanced. 
Let the people study stars and planets, rocks and flowers," 
birds, insects, and fishes, but let the image of God, with 
his wonderful possibilities and immortal hopes, be not 
neglected or forgotten. "Know, then, thyself." a The 
proper study of mankind is man." 



396 True Theory of Brain Development. 



CHAPTEE XXXIX. 

TRUE THEORY OF BRAIN DEVELOPMENT. A NEW 

FACIAL ANGLE. 

Every one whose thoughts are turned toward the 
study of mind, eagerly seeks some method of estimating 
mental capacity. Tt is not strange, therefore, that any 
system of measurement which promises to give a rule 
for determining the grade of intelligence or the rela- 
tive rank of intellect in men and animals should 
awaken interest and invite investigation. 

Prior to the publication of the discoveries of Drs. 
Gall and Spurzheim, men studied faces, measured the 
angles of the face, and the proportion existing between 
the weight of the brain and body ; but nothing which 
would serve as a rule and stand the test of criticism 
was found. 

In the latter part of the last century, just before Dr. 
Gall promulgated his discoveries, on which for many 
years he had been engaged in study and observation, 
Prof. Camper, of Berlin, proposed a new method of 
measuring the skull, which soon attained great popu- 
larity. He claimed that the basis of comparison be- 
tween nations may be found in the angle formed by a 
line passing from the opening of the ear to the base of 
the nose, and another line drawn from the most ad- 
vanced part of the upper jaw-bone to the forehead 
above the root of the nose. The annexed two cuts will 
illustrate the point. 

It will readily be seen that if more brain were de- 



Camper's Facial Angle. 



397 




Fig. 18.— Caucasian. 



veloped in the forehead of the Indian it would elevate 

the line in front of the face and give a much better 

angle. It is not that 

the face is larger, but 

that the forehead is 

shorter, that makes 

the difference in the 

facial angle in this 

case. 

Tt will be under- 
stood that the facial 
angle, as measured 
and estimated by 
Camper, is merely a 
measure of the rela- 
tive projection of the forehead and of the upper jaw, 
and does not measure the capacity of the cranium 
nor the size of the brain. If the jaw be long it will 
diminish the angle. 
A prominence of the 
lower part of the fore- 
head will increase the 
angle, though the 
head be neither high 
nor broad. The angle 
may differ greatly be- 
tween persons of the 
same size of brain and 
similar mental ca- 
pacity. Ms.i9.-i.uhah. 

In the lower classes of men, both in civilized and 
savage countries, the middle lobes of the brain, in 




398 New Facial Angle. 

which are located the animal propensities, are larger 
than in the better developed of mankind. This tends 
to depress the opening of the ear, thereby enlarging the 
facial angle bj carrying down the outer end of the 
lower arm of the angle. If the reader will look at the 
engraving of the Caucasian skull, he will see that the 
opening of the ear is much higher at the end of the line 
at d, than is the front end of the line at a. A glance 
at the engraving of the Indian skull will show that the 
opening of the ear is so low that the base line rises as it 
approaches the perpendicular line at the base of the 
nose. This fact makes the facial angle of the Indian 
much better than it would be if the ear was as high 
up as that of the Caucasian. Camper's facial angle is 
thus seen to be defective, and quite unreliable. 

More attention has been paid by naturalists to the 
contrast between the forehead and face than to the act- 
ual measurement of either ; they talk learnedly of facial 
angles and of the form of the jaws and teeth, neglecting 
to estimate the length of the anterior lobes of the brain 
and the size of the entire brain. They measure every- 
thing but the brain, avoiding that, lest they should be 
supposed thereby to indorse Phrenology. 

NEW FACIAL ANGLE. 

We now propose to present a new method of measur- 
ing the facial angle, with an explanation which lies at 
the foundation of all the significance and value there 
possibly can be in the facial angle. 

About the year 1857, on the occasion of the first ex- 
hibition of Du Chaillu's collection of gorilla crania to 
a large company of thinkers and men of science, invi- 



New Facial Angle. 399 

ted by Cyrus W. Field, for that purpose, to his house in 
New York, I was requested to explain to the company 
the rank occupied by the gorilla in the scale of being, 
as indicated by his cranial development. This request 
was made quite unexpectedly to me after the company 
was assembled, as I was expecting, like the rest, to hear 
from the great gorilla-hunter himself. I hastily sent 
to the Phrenological collection for specimens of skulls, 
ranging all the way from the snake and turtle to the 
highest type of humanity. On that occasion, and with 
such means of illustration, I elucidated the fact — the 
first time, as I believe, it had been done in that man- 
ner — that the face of the snake, turtle, and fish is on a 
line with the spine; that as the brain is increased in 
size at the spinal axis, and an animal is thus raised in 
the scale of intelligence and mentality, the face is 
necessarily pushed by the brain forward and downward 
out of line with the spine, and thus made to form an 
angle with it. We introduce an engraving to illustrate 
the subject, containing eleven figures ranging from the 
snake to the highest form of human development. 

The spine of the snake occupies the place of the spine 
of each of the other figures in the engraving. In the 
snake, fig. 1, the face forms no angle with the spine. 
In the dog, fig. 2, the brain pushes the face out of line 
with the spine about 45°. In the elephant, fig. 3, the 
face is at right angles with the line of the spine and 
makes an angle of 90° with the spine. In the ape, fig. 
4, the face is turned beyond a right angle with the spine, 
and lacks only about 38° of being parallel with the 
spine and on a line with the front of the body. It has 
departed from the snake quite 142°. The idiot, fig. 5, 



400 



New Facial Angle. 



shows that the line of the face is raised to 148°. In 
the Bushman, fig. 6, the brain being more enlarged, it 




Fie. 1— The Snake 
" 2— Dog. 
" 3— Elephant. 
41 4— Ape. 
" 5 — Human Idiot. 



Fig. 6— "Rr?TT?i\N. 

7 — Uncultivated. 
" 8— Improved. 
9— Civilized. 
" 10— Enlightened. 
" 11— Caucasian— Highest type. 



NEW FACIAL ANGLE AND BEAIX DEVELOPMENT. 

pushes the face still farther toward the perpendicular, 
and finally running through several grades of human 



New Facial Angle. 401 

development, figs. 7, 8, 9, 10, to the highest, fig. 11, the 
face, instead of being on the back, as in the snake, and 
on a line with the spine, it has performed half of a 
complete revolution and is now directly opposite of the 
back and parallel with the spine ; the body is erect, the 
spine and face being perpendicular, the face having 
been carried around through 180°, solely by the develop- 
ment of the brain at the top of the spinal column. Ad 
the value of any facial angle is explained by this mode 
of development as an index of the rank of the animal 
or the man. 

Since the first promulgation of this idea in 1857, to 
the present time, every year I have sketched this illus- 
tration on blackboards, and explained it before public 
audiences and private classes, and have had sets of 
drawings made for use in our public lectures and for 
our students to use in the lecturing field. 

In 1874, Dr. Dexter, of Chicago, published in the 
Popular Science Monthly^ in connection with a la- 
bored article, an illustration under the title " Facial 
Angle/' In his illustration, the fish, snake, crocodile, 
eagle, dog, baboon, and men, appear. He recognizes 
only half the change which really takes place in the 
facial angle. Instead of keeping the spine of his fish 
and snake on the line of the spine of the dog and man, 
as we do, he projects it directly back from the head of 
his man, whose face is raised only at right angles with 
the spine of the snake, when it ought to be pushed 
away from the line of the spine, not 90° only, but 180°. 

A student of ours in 1872, 0. A. Beverly, obtained 
of us a set of separate drawings representing this mode 
of brain measurement, and carried them with him to 



402 Thirty-Three Years' Work. 

the Chicago Medical College, where he graduated, and 
we believe Dr. Dexter was a professor. Dr. Dexter's 
drawing was evidently intended to embody our idea, 
but he failed to do it justice by just one-half. In self- 
defense I had the present engraving made, and pub- 
lished, with my discovery and its history, in the Phren- 
ological Journal for July, 1874. 

We commend to our readers a careful study of our 
illustration. It shows that the snake, fig. 1, and his 
face, like that of fishes and of reptiles generally, is level 
with the line of the spinal column. Between the Bush- 
man, fig. 6, and the highest type of the Caucasian, fig. 
11, there are really very many grades of development, 
far too numerous to be represented. From the snake 
to the top of the scale, the opening of the ear is repre- 
sented in the same place, and all the changes in the 
portraits, shapes of head, and position of face, are due 
to the growth or development of brain from that com- 
mon center at the top of the spinal cord, called Medulla 
Oblongata. Thus the scale of development is complete 
from the reptile to man. 



During my connection with the New York office, 
since 1849, 1 have given many courses of public lectures 
in the cities of New York, Brooklyn, Jersey City, 
Newark, and Paterson, and other places in the vicinity. 
I have also given courses of lectures in Bridgeport, 
New Haven, New Britain, and several other places 
in Conn. ; in Providence, P. I. ; Cleveland and Toledo, 
Ohio ; Adrian, Mich. ; and have responded to in vita- 



Fraternal Words. 403 

tions from colleges, academies, teachers' institutes and 
literary societies, temperance and Christian associations. 
In 1869 I spent four weeks in Boston, six weeks in 
Pittsburgh, and in 1870 I spent a month in St. Louis 
and a month in Chicago, in professional business ; and, 
with all this and teaching annual classes, writing for the 
Journal and making several books on phrenological 
and educational themes, I have had a busy life, 
especially when it is considered that the professional 
work of the office is alone enough to tax the bodily and 
mental resources of any man amply endowed with en- 
durance and facility of easy working. 

FRATERNAL WORDS. 

Beloved Phrenological Friends. — Standing as T now 
do at the age of seventy healthy and joyous, I must 
regard my " forty years " as not having been passed in 
a " wilderness," nor led by the dim " cloud by day " or 
the fierce " fire by night"; though not fed on some- 
thing called " Manna," my food has not lacked supernal 
flavor, and while engaged in a work which has led many 
thousands to enhance their usefulness and the joys of 
their life " on this side Jordan," and inspire better hope 
for the other, I have cherished unfaltering faith that 
their welcoming hands shall gratefully beckon me to 
"an abundant entrance" to the bright and beautiful 
beyond. In this consoling hope I commit my life-work 
to my beloved countrymen. 



404 Definition of the Faculties. 



DEFINITION OF THE MENTAL FACULTIES. 

Every work based on phrenology, and which of ne- 
cessity refers to the faculties, should embody a descrip- 
tion of the mental elements, and also a model head, 
showing the location of all the organs. 

This list of organs may be marked as a chart, if 
desired, on a scale of 1 to 7. 

DOMESTIC PROPENSITIES. 

This group of organs is located in the bnck-head, and gives length and fullness io 
the head backward from the ears. 

No. 1, Amativeness— The faculty of physical love lends attractiveness 
to the opposite sex, and a desire to unite in wedlock and enjoy their company. 
Excess: Tendency £o licentiousness. Deficiency: Indifference to the other sex. 

A, Conjugal Love— The monogamic faculty, giving a desire to recipro- 
cate the love of one in matrimony. Excess: Morbid tenacity of attachment. 
Deficiency : Aversion to permanent union ; domestic vacillation. 

No. 2, Philoprogenitiveness— Parental love ; the parental instinct. 
Disposes cne to give due attention to offspring and pets. Excess: Idolizing 
children ; spoiling them by indulgence. Deficiency ; Neglect of the young. 

No. 3, Friendship— Adhesiveness : the social feeling ; desire for com- 
panionship ; attachment; devotion to friends. Excess: Undue fondness for 
friends and company. Deficiency : Indifference to friendly or social interests. 

No. 4, Inhabitiveness— It etfves a desire for a home, place of abode, or 
haven ol rest. It also gives rise to love of country, and offensive nationalism. 
Excess : Undue exalting of one's own country and home. Deficiency : A roving 
disposition. 

No. 5, Continuity— Gives undivided and continued attention to one 
subject until it is finished. Excess: Prolixity; absence of mind. Deficiency: 
Excessive fondness for variety. 



THE SELFISH PROPENSITIES. 
These organs give wideness of head above and about the ears. 

E, Vitativeness— The love of life ; a desire to exist. Excess: Great cling- 
ing to life ; dread of death. Deficiency: Indifference to life or the care of it. 

No. 6, Combativen ess— Defense ; courage ; force of character ; enerey 
and indignation; belligerency. Excess: A quick, fault-finding, contentious 
disposition. Deficiency: Cowardice, inefficiency, tamen ess. 



Phrenological Head. 



405 



No. 7, Oestrnctivenes*— Execntiveness ; thoroughness and severity. 
Excess: Cruelty ; vindictivencss. Deficiency: Inefficiency; a lack of fortitude 
under trial. 




PHRENOLOGICAL HEAD. 



THIS IS REGARDED AS THE MOST CORRECT INDICATION OF THE POSITION OP THE 
PHRENOLOGICAL ORGANS AND THEIR RELATIVE SIZE AND FORM. 



No. 8, Aliinenttveuess— Desire for food ; appetite. Excess : Gluttony ; 
intemperance. Deficiency : Want of appetite ; indifference in regard to food. 



406 Mental Faculties. 

No. 9, Acquisitiveness— Desire for property ; it is the principal element in 
indu:-try, economy, and providential forethought. Excess: Selfishness; avarice; 
covetousness. Deficiency : Want of economy ; w astefulness ; prodigality. 

No. lO, Secretiveness— Concealment ; policy; the conservative principle; 
aids Acquisitiveness in the retention of wealth. Misdirected, or in Excess, it 
is a prime element in hypocrisy, double-dealing, and evasion. Deficiency : Want 
of reserve, or proper tact ; policy ; concealment. 

No. 11, Cautiousness— Fear; prudence; apprehends danger ; is anxious, and 
sometimes timid and irresolute. Excess; Cowardice; timidity. Deficiency: 
Heedlessness; recklessness; imprudent haste ; disregard of consequences. 



ASPIRING GROUP. 

Located in the crown of the head, and gives elevation upward and 
backward from the ears. 

No. 12, Approbativeness— The desire to please, to gain admiration and popu- 
larity. This faculty is of great impottance in social life. It gives to the person a 
desire to cultivate the amenities of social intercourse. Excess: Vanity; undue 
sensitiveness to praise or blame. Deficiency : Disregard of the opinions of others. 

No. 13, Self-Eseem — Dignity; governing power; independence; the manly 
and commanding spirit. Excess: Arrogance; imperiousness. Deficiency: Self 
distrust and depreciation ; a lack of self-assurance. 

No. 14, Firmness— Steadfastnet>s ; perseverence : stability ; decision ; tenacity 
of purpose ; determination ; capacity to endure. Excess : Stubbornness ; obsti- 
nacy. Deficiency: Instability; unsteadiness; with " no will of his own." 



MORAL SENTIMENTS. 

This group gives height and fullness to the top of the head. 

No. 15, Conscientiousness — Justice: moral sentiment: self-examination; in 
teirrity ; scrupulousness in matters of duty and obligation. It inclines one to 
hold to his convictions; to be "just, though the heavens fall." Excess: Cen- 
soriousness; great scrupulousness; self-condemnation, and undue censurt: ol 
others. Deficiency : Indifference to right or wrong; equivocation. 

No. 16, Hope— Looks to the future ; buoys the mind with enthusiastic expecta- 
tions of the yet-to-be. In Excess, renders one visionary and extravagant in ex- 
pectations. Deficient: Gives the tendency to despondency, sadness, and gloom. 

No. 17, Spirituality— Faith, trust, an intuitive religions element, leads to 
prophecy, and the belief in the immortal and invisible. Excess: Superstition 
fanaticism. Deficiency : Skepticism ; incredulity. 

No. 1H, Veneration— Reverence for Deity: desire to adore and worship; it 
also imparts deference for superiors, and respect for whatever is ancient or 
honorable. Excess : Idolatry ; undue deference for persons. Deficiency : Dis 
regard for things sacred, and for the aged and venerable. 

No. 19, Benevolence— The desire to do good; tenderness; sympathy ; charitr 
liberality, and philanthropy. Excess: Morbid geneiosity. Deficiency: Selfish, 
ness ; indifference to the wants of others ; lack of kindness and sympathy. 



Mental Faculties. 407 



PERFECTIVE GROUP. 

Located in the region of the temples, giving width and fidlness to thai 
part of the head. 

No. 20, Constructivcnfss — The mechanical, planning and tool-rising faculty. 
It aids in the construction of pictures, poetry, lectures, hooks, garments, houses, 
ships, schemes, and in all manual or mental dexterity, and aids tlv fhventor] 
Excess; Attempting impossibilities, impractical contrivances, perpetual motions. 
Deficiency : Inability to use tools; no mechanical skill or aptitude. 

No. 21, Ideality— The esthetic faculty, or love of the beautiful and perfect. It 
is essential in poetry, in literature, the arts, and' all that is refining and pure. 
Excess : fastidiousness ; romance ; dreaminess. Deficiency : Lack of taste. 

B, Sublimity— May also be called an organ of the imagination. The stupen- 
dous in nature or art excites this faculty highly. Tn Excess, it leads to exaggera- 
tion. Deficient : It shows inability to appreciate the grand or majestic. 

No. 22, Imitation— The copying instinct. It adapts one to society by copying 
manners. It helps the actor in representing character, and is one of the chief 
channels by which we obtain knowledge and benefit by surrounding influences. 
Excess: Mimicry; servile imitation. Deficiency: Oddity; eccentricity. 

No. 23, Mirthfulne9s— Wit; humor; love of fun. It aids reason by ridiculing 
the absurd and incongruous. Excess : Improper ridicule of subjects. Deficiency : 
Excessive eedateness ; indifference to wit and humor; can not appreciate a joke. 



PERCEPTIVE ORGANS. 

These give great fullness and prominence of the lower part of the 
forehead and length of head from the ears to the brows. 

No. 24, Individuality— Observation : desire to see things and identify points 
of thought: memory of objects. The knowledge-gathering disposition. Excess: 
Prying curiosity and inquisitiveness. Deficiency ; Dullness of observation. 

No. 25, Form — Gives width between the eyes, and ability to remember coun- 
tenances, and the outline shapes of things. It has to do with drawing and work- 
in? by the eye. Excess : Undue sensitiveness to want, of harmony in shapes. De- 
ficiency : Forgets faces and forms, can not cut or draw with skill or accuracy. 

No. 26, Size— Power to measure distances and quantities by the eye; also 
the weisht of animals, or other objects by size. Excess: A constant comparison 
of size and proportion. Deficiency : Inability to estimate size and distance. 

No. 27, Weight— Adapts man to the laws of gravity, whereby he waik3 erect 
and with grace and balance, rides a horse, balances and judges of the weight of 
things by lifting them. Excess: Disposition to climb and attempt hazardous 
feats of balancing; rope walking. Deficiency: Inability to judge of the perpen- 
dicular, or to keep the center of gravity. 

No. 28, Color— This faculty enables us to discriminate hues and tints, and 
remember colors. Excess: Great fondness for colors: fastidious criticism of tints 
Deficiency : Inability to distinguish colors; " color blindness." 



• 408 Mental Faculties. 

No. 29. Order— Method ; arrangement : system : neatness. When large it 
make^ one very neat, tidy, and methodical. Excess: Undue neatness. De- 
ficiency : Slovenliness; disorder and general irregularity. 

No. 30. Calculation— The power to enumerate, reckon, etc. Excess: Disposi- 
tion to count and " reckon " everything. Deficiency : Lack of talent in relations 
of numbers ; am not add, subtract, or multiply. 

No. 31. Locality— The exploring faculty; love of travel, and ability to re- 
member place-. Excess: An unsettled, roving disposition. Deficiency: Poor 
memory of places ; liability to lose the way. 



LITERARY FACULTIES. 

These are located across the middle of the forehead and serve to give 
roundness and fullness to that region. 

No. 32. Eventuality— The historic faculty. Some people "talk like a book ;" 
are full of anecdotal lore, can relate occurrences, and have a good memory. Ex- 
cess : Tedious relation of facts and stories. Deficiency : Poor memory of events. 

!Vo. 33, Tim»* — Gives a consciousness of duration: tells the time of day; aids 
the memory with dates and music. Excess : Undue particularity in matters relat- 
ing to time : drumming with the foot or hand in company, to mark time of music. 
Deficiency : Fails to remember dates or keep time ; fails to keep engagements. 

No. 34. Tune — The musical instinct ; ability to distinguish and remember 
musical sounds. Excess : Disposition to sing, whistle, or play at improper time9 
and places. Deficiency : Inability to distinguish or appreciate music. 

No. 35, Language— Located in the brain above and behind the eye, and when 
largf forces the eye forward and downward, forming a sack, as it were, under 
it ; when the organ is small, the eye appears to be sunken in the head, and this 
sack like appearance does not exist. Excess : Redundancy of words ; more words 
than thoughts or ideas ; garrulity. Deficiency : Lack of verbal expression. 



REASONING ORGANS. 

These are located in the upper part of the forehead and give fullness, 
magnitude, and squareness to that part. Length from the opening 
of tlie ear to that part must be considered. 

No. 36, Causality — The ability to comprehend principles, and to think ab- 
stractly: to understand the wby-and-wherefore of subjects and things, and to 
evntbe'tize. Excess: Too much theorising and impracticable philosophy. De- 
ficiency : Weakness of judgment ; inability to think, plan, or reason. 

No. 37, Comparison— The analyzing, criticising, illustrating, comparing 
faculty. It enables one to use figures of speech, similes, parables, proverbs, etc. 
Excess : Captious criticism. Deficiency : Inability to reason by analogy. 

C. Human Nature— The power to discern motives, character, and qualities of 
strangers. Excess: Intense personal prejudice; offensive criticism of character. 
Deficiency : ^discriminating confidence in everybody. 

I>, Suavity— Agreeableness ; tendency to speak and act in a mellow, persuasive 
manner ; to put a smooth surfaco on rough affairs, and say disagreeable things 
agreeably. Excets : Affectation; blarney. Deficiency: Want of ease of manner. 



INDEX 



PAGE 

A Bad Man Saved 260 

A " Catcli " for some one 60 

A child with a load to carry. . . 315 
Act of Incorporation of the Am- 
erican lust, of Phren m 349 

Advice Neglected and Revived. 3u9 
A dropped Stitch recovered. . . 317 

A Good Bargain 206 

A Good Samaritan 311 

A Lady's Fortunate Escape... 336 

All the Graces and §20,000 59 

A Master anywhere 284 

American Institute of Phrenol- 
ogy 348 

A Millionaire at 28 years old . . 316 

A Model Honest Man 191 

An Exasperating Calm 140 

An Episcopalian Quaker 305 

Answer to a Mother's Ques- 
tions 266 

A Pig in a Bag — Locality 341 

Apples of Gold in Pictures of 

Silver 343 

A Real Convert 261 

Artists with and without Color. 319 

A Spoiled Man 118 

Ascutney Mountain 109 

A " take down " that built up. 259 
Author of the " Blue Laws ". . 227 

A Wise Teacher 254 

A Woman Shoemaker 295 

Bad Child reformed 358 

Bad Man Saved 260 

Badness Cured 303 

Balance of Temperaments 377 

Bam urn's Beginnings 163 

Bathing Infants 274 

11 " Dirty Heads 276 

Bathing, Warm, vs. Cold 273 



PAGE 

Benefit of Phrenolog} 7 to Dutch 

Farmer 287 

Better Late than Never 257 325 

Better than Theatricals 12.' 

Birth of a Son 217 

Birmingham, Conn 150 

Blindfold Examinations. . . 56, 312 

I Body too small for Head 218 

| Boston Boy's Brain Over- 
worked 277 

j Brain showing Fibers 100 

Bread upon the Waters 260 

Broken Down 2S8 

Brown, John 309 

Buell and Sizer 39 

Buell and Sizer separate 135 

Buell, P. L., Biography of 197 

"Bumps " and Bumpologists . 385 
Bungler, The, Got a Patent ... 366 

Caldwell, Dr. Charles 383 

Camper's Facial Angle .... 397 

Campaign in New England ... 54 

Can I go on with Study ? 352 

Captain Samuels 281 

Catholic Priest 348 

Celebrated " Crowbar Case " . . 193 
Changes and Precious Memo- 
ries 156 

Chapin'=, E. H., Prophecy .... 69 

Cheek " Gone to seed " ?. 147 

Church and Rouse, Artists . . . 320 

Clinton, Essex, Naugatuck 216 

Closing of Buell and Sizer 196 

Close Fit 51 

Color Blindness 76 

Color Deficient 22 

Color Small 217 

Colic and Conscience 205 

Columbia, Conn 224 

(409) 



410 



Index. 



PAGE 

College Student Saved 352 

Collins ville, Lectures in . . 135 

Comstock, Dr. S. S 219 

Combe, George 382 

Committee's Report 133 

Conscience, is it Innate ? 365 

Contrasts in Heads 390 

Connecticut State Prison 192 

Country's Great Men 38 

Crazy for the Presidency 90 

M Crowbar Case " Explained . . 194 

Curious Experiments 129 

Custer, General George A 365 

Danbury, Conn 161 

Definition of Mental Facul- 
ties 404 

Delicate Criticism and Test. . . 334 

Dentistry and Sculpture 291 

Development Illustrated 388 

Dickinson, the Artist 215 

Dignity and Democracy 176 

Double Test Examinations 53 

Double-shotted Fun 204 

Double Blindfold Examina- 
tions 118 

Dramatic Mental Exaltation. .. 115 

Drea-d naught, Ship 281 

Drollest People in the World. . 162 
Dr. Rockwell and his Charge. . 89 

Dr. Williams' Report 79 

Duke of Wellington and 

Hobbs 329 

Duplicate Examinations 50 

Duttons ville, Vt 150 

Early Rubber Process 151 

Easthampton, Mass 70 

Economy of things Wasted — 340 
Eight precious years Wasted. . 324 

Eleven Obstinate Jurymen 285 

Elopement and its Conse- 
quences 291 

Embodied False Pretense 95 

Essex, Clinton, Naugatuck 216 



PAGE 

Estimating Heads by Sight .... 57 
Examination, Capt. Samuels . 283 

Exasperating Calm 140 

Exciting the Faculties 126 

Exciting the Mental Organs. . 130 
Experience in Insane Asylums. 88 

Explanation of Magnetism 121 

Extracts from Written Charac- 
ter .... „ 313 

Facts overrated or wrongly 

rated, which ? 365 

Fair Test of a New Thing 122 

Farmington, Conn 209 

Fat people Reduced, the Lean 

made Plump 354 

Fear turned his hair White .... 306 
Fibers of Brain or no Fibers . . 97 
First Set Temperance Speech.. 225 
First Lecture to the American 

Phrenological Society 231 

Fit Partnership — Men Matched. 298 
Form and Growth of Head .... 392 
Four Heads of Diverse 1 orm . . 391 
Fowlers, The Enter the Field.. 15 

Food for Children 268 

Fraternal Words 402 

From Infidelity to the Pulpit. . 364 

Funny Facts 202 

Gained 32 lbs. in 85 days 355 

Gall, Dr. F. J 380 

Garfield's Head Examined 327 

General Principles of Phrenol- 
ogy 372 

Girl Killed by Study 357 

Governor, and a Judge 154 

Good Advice Neglected 317 

Good Energy and poor Hope. . 346 

Graves, J. M 202 

Great Rogue, A 108 

Growth of Head Hlustrated. . . 393 

Guessing at Weight 290 

Hall built by a Joke— a n d 
Brown Stone 177 



Index. 



411 



TAGE 

Hamilton, Sir William 386 

Hard Professional Work 178 

Hard Work of a Phrenologist.. 153 

Harrison Campaign 30 

Health Laws Practically Ap- 
plied 351 

Hebron, Conn., Memorable . . . 226 

He did not Own his Child 294 

He must have Known you 326 

Her view of it 347 

He Undervalued Himself . .367, 370 

His Inventory 61 

History of the Phren. Journal. 181 

i Hit or Miss— which ? *62 

Hobbs, the Lock-Picker 328 

"Home, sweet Home" 170 

Horn Combs 165 

How can you read Skulls ? 345 

How be Conquered 280 

How he Peels about It 280 

How I Learned to Lecture 23 

How I Learned to Set Type. ... 134 

How it was done 804 

How Much May we Bathe ?. . . 275 

How to Obtain Subscribers 180 

Incidents Worth Recording... 182 
Infidels Converted by Phrenol- 
ogy 363 

Inherited Fondness for Metal.. 327 
Injury of Brain, Proof of Phre- 
nology 78 

Insanity cured by Phren ology. 188 
" " " " . 314 

Instinct of Animals 842 

Intellect Conquering Fear 65 

Interest. ng Letter 343 

Introduction of Phrenology in 

America 9 

Intuition, Snap Judgments 

Best 289 

Inventory for a Wife 61 

Is Conscience Innate ? 365 

Jealousy Nipped in the Bud. . . 293 



PAGE 

Keen Woman to Deal with 77 

Kelloggs, The 158 

Ladies weighing 220 lbs. and 

260 lbs 353 

Lady Magnetized Ill 

Large Perception — Smartness.. 333 

Latin Under Difficulties 146 

Lawyer's Wisdom Corrected . . 98 

Lawyer Once in the Wrong 99 

Leap- Year Episode 164 

Lectures in Collinsville. 135 

Lectures at Avon and Bloom- 
field 222 

Left-handed Appreciation 27 

Leslie, Mr., Magnetized 114 

Life in New York Begun 229 

Life Saved — Balance Restored. 258 
Liver Complaint — Causes and 

Cure 338 

Located in My Own Home 169 

Love of Life and Insanity 313 

Lovers of Home and of Laud. . 263 

Lucy and the Boots 213 

Lymphatic 878 

Magnetic State 125 

Magnetized, Mr. Leslie 114 

Making Horn Combs 165 

Malaria, Why of late so Preva- 
lent 322 

Man Without Color 22 

Man with 100 Questions 253 

Man Worth Saving, Saved 279 

Man who always "Joined Is- 
sue" 288 

Many Saved by Phrenology 359 

Married, but not Mated 75 

I Marriage with an Object 37 

Masculine Step-mothers 810 

I Memories of Wilmington, Del. 28 

Memorable Ministers, Two 93 

i Mental Temperament 376 

| Meriden, Conn 155 

' Miln, Ex-Rev. George C 331 



412 



Index. 



PACE 

Mistake and its Lesson 84 

Mistake Corrected 117 

Model Honest Man 191 

Money-loving bnt Honest Dea- 
con 86 

Motive Temperament 371 

Mount Tom and the Connecti- 
cut Valley 71 

" Moving " Discourse. 137 

Multitude of Counsellors 183 

Mutiny on a Ship •. ... 281 

My First Experience in Lectur- 
ing 16 

My First Class 172 

My First Written Character. . . 35 
Natural Merchant Seven Years 

Old 297 

New Facial Angle 398 

New Departure 135 

New Jersey Peculiarity 220 

New Partnership 221 

New Surroundings and Duties. 230 

New Tear 207 

North Portland, Conn 187 

Not "Bumps," but Distances.. 385 
Old and Pleasant Memories . . . 144 

Oldest Woolen Factory 72 

Old Stage Traveling 139 

Old-time Methods 25 

Old-time Large Families 269 

Ono-Man Power 214 

Oration on Washington 67 

Ordeal, Eclipse, Triumph 55 

Our first " Newspaper Puff" . . 21 

Over Enfield Falls 138 

Peculiarities of the Insane 91 

Peculiar Love of Husband 186 

Pet of the Household Saved ... 43 

Philadelphia Office 300 

Phrenology Applied to Chil- 
dren 356 

Phrenology in Amherst Col- 
lege 13 

Phrenology in the Pulpit 1 72 



PAGE 

Phrenology and Dutch Farmer 287 

Phrenology and Religion 362 

Phrenology as a Science 394 

Phrenology, The Founder of. . . 379 

Phrenological Head 404 

Phreno-Magnetic Experiments. 110 
" 119, 128 

Pig in a Bag— Locality 341 

Plain Talk 208 

Portland Brown Stone 174 

Portrait of P. L. Buell 199 

Preface 3 

Provincial and Cosmopolitan . . 143 
1 ' Provoking to Good Work " . . 68 
Putney, Vt., and the Perfec- 
tionists 92 

Quaker Widow's Surprise 256 

Quaker Treatment 302 

Quality of Organization 373 

Quarrying Brown Stone 175 

Ruhway, N. J 219 

Rare "Treat," Only one such.. 252 
Remarkable Examinations in 

Jail 87 

Remedy and the Result 46 

Resemblance to Parents 102 

Right Food for Children 268 

Richest Kind of Pay 292 

Rockwell, Dr., and his Charge. 89 

Rockville Memorable * . . 179 

Romantic Love of a Wife 185 

Rose, George W 68 

Rough Kindness, Struggle for 

Life 262 

Sadness Lightened 225 

Samuels, Captain, Bravery of.. 281 

Sandwich Island Mission 166 

Second Year in the Field 29 

Secrets Sacredly Kept 152 

Sewell, Dr 337 

"Shabby Genteel" 96 

Sharp Trial and Triumph 296 

She Borrowed a Baby 308 

Sheer Luck and Audacity 148 



Index. 



413 



PAOE 

Siamese Twins 42 

Simsbury, Windsor, Snffield. . . 223 

" Singed Cat " 264 

Singular Case of Insanity 189 

Singular Audience 210 

Social Element in Religion 48 

Southington, Conn 211 

Spufford, Charles 145 

"Spare thi j . Rod" and " Save 

the Child" 301 

Spoiled Child — How it was 

Done 73 

Springfield Party Examined . . . 335 

Spurzheim, Dr. J. G 381 

Spurzheim's Visit to America . . 11 

Spurzheim, Death of . . 240 

Startling Experiments 113 

" Stranger than Fiction " 116 

Strange and Droll Coincidences 145 

Student at Sixty-seven 272 

Swimmers, Wonderful 167 

Tables Turned 83 

" Taking after " his Father .... 28 

Talent Disguised 264 

Temperaments 374 

Teraperers need Color 136 

Thanks, Rich but Deferred. ... 321 
The "Bungler" Got a Patent. 369 

They Followed Direction s 318 

The Magnetic State 125 

The Model " Landlord " 150 

The Unforgetable ... 157 

The way it Worked 212 

Thirty-three Years' Work 402 

Timid Child Managed 63 

Tough Test on a Skull 81 

Town Pump for a Cannon 228 

Trades Selected for Boys 295 

Treaty of Peace with Mexico.. 251 

Tried as by Fire 32 

TrLst, Hon. N. P 250 

Triumph 33 

Triumph and a Convert 82 

True Brain Development 396 



PAGE 

True-born Unmarried Step- 
mother 307 

True Mode of Studying Heads. 384 
Truth will Cut its Bigness .... 330 
Twin Girls— Remarkable Test. 40 

Uncle and Nephew at Bay 203 

Uncoined Reward 318 

Unforgetable, The 157 

Unlikeness Harmonized 399 

Unselfish Thief 85 

Vermont State Prison 166 

Very Hard Case 19 

Victory Complete and Lasting. 66 
Villain Dyed in the Wool ..... 210 

Virginia — Harper's Ferry . . 47 

Visitors at the Phrenological 

Cabinet 344 

Visit to Conu. State Prison. . . . 102 

Vital Temperament 375 

Warm vs. Cold Bathing 273 

Waterbury, Conn 149 

Way it Worked, The 212 

Westficld, Mass., my Mecca... 187 

WhoisRight? 332 

Why am 1 Bilious ? 339 

Why do my Children die Early ? 265 

Wilmington, Del 28 

Winsted, Conn 190 

Winter Apple well Ripened 323 

Wise Teacher 254 

Wolcottville, Conn 190 

Wool Sorters' Skill 105 

Wonders of Nature 123 

Wonders of Mental Life 132 

Wonderful Truth of Fiction. . . 160 

Wonderful Swimmers 167 

Works Meet for Repentance.. . 107 

Work that Tests a Man 249 

Work of the Institute 350 

Wrong Feeding of Children.. . 267 
Yankee Trick, it did not Work 31. 

You don't tell our Faults 270 

Young Children Examined 286 

Young Girl's Narrow Escape. . 184 



THE ^T^OIRIE^S OIF* UELSOU SIZEE. 



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"CHOICE OF PURSUITS; or, What to Do and Why," describing 
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By Nelson Sizer, Associate Editor of the " Phrenological Journal,'" Vice-Presi- 
dent of, and Teacher in, the " American Institute of Phrenology," etc. 12mo, extra 
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This work fills a place attempted by no other. Whoever has to earn a living by 

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NOTICES OF THE PRESS. 

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NOTICES OF THE PRESS. 



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the family as well as in the study of the 
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the work, and all teachers will be glad to 
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.a. ustiew boos: for evertbodti 

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Anecdote, and Experience. 12mo, extra cloth, 413 pages. Price, $1.50. 
In this work we have a most interesting record of the author's recollections and ex- 
periences during more than forty years as a Practical Phrenologist. The volume is 
filled with history, anecdotes, aud incidents, pathetic, witty, droll, and startling. Every 
page sparkles with reality, and is packed with facts too good to be lost. This book will be 
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THOUGHTS ON DOMESTIC LIFE; or, Carriage Vindicated and 

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THE 

American Institute of Phrenology, 

Incorporated by the Legislature of the State of New York, April 20. 1866, was organ, 
zed for the purpose of disseminating a theoretical and practical knowledge of Phrenology, 
and collateral branches of science, by means of professional instruction to classes, and 
conferring on students a Diploma, as a witness of such course of instruction and 
training. During each year since its organization there has been given, at least, one 
thorough course of professional instruction, including upward of one hundred lectures, 
besides such instruction in Physiology, Anatomy, and the laws of life and health, as 
would prepare those who have attended, for entering the lecture field. 

In addition to its professional uses, a knowledge of Phrenology furnishes to all, no 
natter what their vocation, the very best means of culture and growth in all that consti- 
tutes true manhood. What will contribute more to one's success in life than a keen, 
discriminating knowledge of human nature, of one's self, and of those with whom one 
comes in contact in the affairs of life ? It is this clear knowledge of human nature, 
either natural or acquired, that secures to men and women, at this day, success. ' The 
failures in life will be found mainly among those who have not an accurate discernment 
of men, and a thorough knowledge of their own capabilities. 

There is, it must then be seen, great need of the instruction which this Institute is 
organized to give, and this instruction can be obtained nowhere else in like measure, as 
there is no other organized course of instruction of a similar nature given; and no other 
facilities afforded for a Phrenological education which will at all compare with those 
afforded by the Institute. 

In addition to the services of experienced, practical, and thorough teachers in every 
department, the student at the Institute participates in the benefits arising from an ex- 
amination of the great accumulation of crania, human and animal, and the hundreds of 
casts of skulls and human heads, besides the extensive gallery of portraits, anatomical 
maps, plates, etc. 

All Teachers should acquire all the knowledge which Phrenology can give them 
in regard to the nature of the faculties, their modes of operation, and their single or 
combined activity. Certainly those who are to educate mind, who are to train faculty, 
who are to lead the young in the path of knowledge, and train the character to act in 
harmony with the highest morality, should themselves be as thoroughly drilled as 
possible in regard to the nature of the faculties they have to deal with. The loving 
nurse may yearn intensely for the improvement ol the sick patient, but if she could be 
thoroughly versed in all that belongs to medical science, how much more wisely and 
successfully could she exert her efforts for the desired result! The same law holds in 
regard to teaching. 

All Clergymen should make themselves familiar with Phrenology, for it is their 
vocation to instruct mankind in the formation of character, and in the attainment 
of spiritual growth— how, in short, to enable men to carry themselves in the world of 
temptation and suffering, so as to grow in grace and wisdom, and mortify the deeds of 
the body for the good of the soul. Several clergymen, who have been students in the 
Institute op Phrenology, have gone back to their work with increased skill, and— as 
they think— with double power to lead men in'the path of duty ; and their congregations 
recognize in them a vast improvement. 

The Physician, especially, should make himself familiar with Phrenology, so 
that he may not only understand the character of his patients, their peculiar dispositions, 
but how best to adapt moral and social treatment to his patients, so as to acquire their 
confidence, strer^then their faith in the means employed for recovery, and thus keep 
the mind in a healthy condition, as an aid in furthering the sanitary results which he 
«eeks, and more especially that he may be able to treat the thousand-sided disease callej 



Insanity. Hundreds of patients to-day are lingering in insane asylums who should 
at once be restored to their friends. If physicians understood Phrenology, they woald 
comprehend much better the varied types of insanity, and would not so lightly give 
certificates that incarcerate people in asylums for the insane who ought to be wisely 
cared for in their own homes. 

The Lawyer should study Phrenology, for he has to deal with faculty and dis- 
position in clients and opponents. He should know how to read a jury, or a witness, or 
a suitor in court, at a glance; and it is no stretch of the imagination to say that any 
lawyer of talent and culture, who should become thoroughly versed in Phrenology, 
would go back to his professional duty with such enhanced facility for finding out justice 
and administering it properly, as would greatly increase his usefulness and popularity, 
besides enlarging his business. 

Merchants should study Phrenology, for they have to come in contact with all 
classes and conditions of men, and deal with them when their selfishness is excited, and 
they are tryin? to make or save money by keenness in dealing. The merchant who is a 
phrenologist can take account of all the mental differences in men, and adapt himself to 
each in an agreeable manner, so as to hold his customer, accomplish business, and avoid 
being deceived him-elf by trusting thuse who are tricky or unworthy. 

The Statesman, who is called upon to make laws for the improvement and 
proper government of mankind, should study political economy in the light of Phre- 
Dology and Physiology, so that whatever in human nature needs to be cultivated, shall be 
supplemented by appropriate legislation. The jurisprudence of insanity especially is 
to-day a subject of startling interest: yet without the knowledge which Phrenology 
affords, no just and appropriate system, we think, can be deviled. Nearly every suc- 
cessful man in charge of insane asylums to-day is familiar with Phrenology, and employs 
It as his guide in the treatment of the insane. 

Parents who have children to train and educate, should study Phrenology; for 
who can mold and guide mind who does not understand its faculties, propensities, and 
tendencies ? Those who undertake to deal with humau nature without such knowledge 
are simply empirics. They " cut and try," but they wa-te half of their power. It is like 
finding out music on tne piano by touching one key after another until the right note is 
found, and the result is, more discord than harmony. 

You 112: Men, full of energy, ambition, and hope, who have to make their own way 
In the world, should learn all that Phrenology can teach them as to choice of pursuits, 
self-culture, and how to read character correctly and readily, as they come in contact 
with people in business and social life. 

Every Man who desires to complete his education, that he may be well qualified 
to live in society harmoniously, happily, and influentially, would find the study of Phre- 
nology a great aid in enabling him to understand mind and motive as he meets it in daily 
life, and give him thereby the means of controlling and regulating human nature, even as 
the score of music enables the pianist to manipulate the instrument. 

Of course, all who wish to make a life profession of Phrenology will readily 
appreciate what the American Institute of Phrenology can do for them ; but every 
ither profession w r ould find its teachings equally useful in whatever direction it may be 
3onght to produce influence upon mind, or through mind and character, upon the success 
and welfare of mankind. Nearly all the business of life brings mind in contact with 
mind, and character in contact with character. He who comprehends the laws of mind 
and character will secure success, will move with facility among men, and accomplish 
perhaps ten times more than he who is obliged to blunder empirically— earnestly seeking 
the right result, but not knowing how to attain it. 

For any additional information in regard to the American Institute op Phrenology 
And its annual sessions, including time, terms, text-books, etc., address, asking foi 
Institute Circular, 

POWLER & WELLS, PUBLISHERS, 753 BROADWAY. N. Y. 



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as to show each individual Organs on one 
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tive, Intellectual, and Moral— properly clas- 
sified, on the other side. There are two 
sizes ; the largest, not mailable, price $x. 
The smaller, 50 cents. 

Sent by Mail, post-paid. Fowler & Wells, Publishers, 753 Broadway, New York. 



PHRENOLOGY AND PHYSIOGNOMY. 



Wells (S. R.)— How to Read Char- 
acter. — A New Illustrated Hand-book of 
Phrenology and Physiognomy, for Stu- 
dents and Examiners, with a Chart for re- 
cording the sizes of the different Organs 
of the Brain in the Delineation of Char- 
acter; with upwards of 170 Engravings. 
Paper, $1.00 ; Cloth, $1.25. 

Wedlock ; or, the Right Relations 

of the Sexes. Disclosing the Laws of 
Conjugal Selections, and showing Who 
May, and Who May Not Marry. A Scien- 
tific Treatise. $1.50 ; fancy gilt, $2.00. 

New Descriptive Chart, for the 

Use of Examiners in the Delineation of 
Character. 25 cents ; cloth, 50 cents. 

Harmony of Phrenology and the 
Bible, including the Definition of the 
Organs, their uses, excess, and deficiency, 
with Quotations from the Bible recogniz- 
ing every faculty and passion, sanctioning 
their use and warning against abuse. Ioc. 



The Phrenological Miscellany; or, 
Illustrated Annuals of Phrenology and 
Physiognomy, from 1865 to 1873 combin- 
ed in 1 volume, the nine containing over 
400 illustrations, many portraits and biog- 
raphies of distinguished personages, to- 
gether with articles on " How to Study 
Phrenology," " Resemblance to Parents," 
"Bashfulness," "Diffidence," u Stammer- 
ing," etc., an elaborate article on "The 
Marriage of Cousins," "Jealousy, its 
Cause and Cure." 450 pages, $1.50. 

Phrenology and the Scriptures. — 
Showing the Harmony between Phrenol- 
ogy and the Bible. By Rev. J. Pierpont. 
Paper, 15 cts. 

The Annuals of Phrenology and 
Health Almanac for 1874, '75, '76, '77, 
'78, '79, '80, '81, and '82 in one vol. $1. 
The current year, 10 cents. 

Symbolical Head and Phreno- 

logical Map. On fine tinted paper, ioc. 

Phrenology, its History and Impor- 
tant Principles. By T. Turner, ioc 



There is an increasing interest in the facts relating to Magnetism, etc., and we present 
below a list of Works on this subject. 



Practical Instructions in Animal 
Magnetism. By J. P. F. Deleuze. Trans- 
lated by Thomas C. Hartshorn. New and 
Revised edition, with an appendix of notes 
by the Translator, and Letters from Emi- 
nent Physicians, and others. $2.00. 

History of Salem Witchcraft. — A 
review of Charles W. Upham's great 
Work from the Edinburgh Review, with 
Notes ; by Samuel R. Wells, contain- 
ing, also, The Planchette Mystery, Spirit- 
ualism, by Mrs. Harriet Beecher 
Stowe, and Dr. Doddridge's Dream. $1. 

Fascination ; or, the Philosophy of 
Charming. Illustrating the Principles 
of Life in connection with Spirit and Mat- 
ter. By J. B. Newman, M.D. $1.00. 

Six Lectures on the Philosophy of 

Mesmerism, delivered in Marlboro' Chap- 
el, Boston. By Dr. John Bovee Dods. 
Paper, 50 cents. 

The Philosophy of Electrical Psy- 
CHOLOGY, in a course of Twelve Lectures, 
By the same author. i2mo, cloth, $1.25. 



The Library of Mesmerism and 

Psychology. — Comprising the Philoso- 
phy of Mesmerism, Clairvoyance, Mental 
Electricity. — Fascination, or the Power of 
Charming. Illustrating the Principles 
of Life in connection with Spirit and 
Matter. — The Macrocosm, or the Universe 
Without : being an unfolding of the plan 
of Creation, and the Correspondence of 
Truths.— The Philosophy of Electrical 
Psychology ; the Doctrine of Impressions ; 
including the connection between Mind 
and Matter ; also, the Treatment of Dis- 
eases. — Psychology ; or, the Science of the 
Soul, considered Physiologically and Philo- 
sophically ; with an Appendix containing 
Notes of Mesmeric and Psychical experi- 
ence, and illustrations of the Brain and 
Nervous System. 1 vol. $3.50. 

How to Magnetize ; or, Magnetism 
and Clairvoyance. — A Practical Treat- 
ise on the Choice, Management, and 
Capabilities of Subjects, with Instructions 
on the Method of Procedure. By James 
Victor Wilson. i8mo, paper, 25 cts. 

The Key to Ghostism. By Rev. 
Thomas Mitchel. $1.50. 



Sent by Mail, post-paid. Fowler & Wells, Publishers, 753 Broadway, New York. 



HEALTH BOOKS. 

This List comprises the Best Works on Hygiene, Health, Etc. 



++ 



Combe (Andrew, M.D.)— Principles 

applied to the Preservation of Health and 
to the Improvement of Physical and Men- 
tal Education. Illustrated. Cloth, $1.50. 

Management of Infancy, Physi- 
ological and Moral Treatment. With 
Notes and a Supplementary Chapter, $1.25 

Physiology of Digestion. — Con- 
sidered with relation to the Principles of 
Dietetics. Illustrated. 50 cents. 

Fairchild(M. Augusta, M.D.) — How 
to be Well ; or, Common-Sense Med- 
ical Hygiene. A book for the People, 
giving Directions for the Treatment and 
Cure of Acute Diseases without the use of 
Drug Medicines ; also, General Hints on 
Health. $1.00. 

Graham (Sylvester). — Science of 
Human Life, Lectures on the. With 
a copious Index and Biographical Sketch 
of the Author. Illustrated, $3.00. 

Chastity. — Lectures to Young 

Men. Intended also for the Serious Con- 
sideration of Parents and Guardians. 
i2mo. Paper, 50 cents. 

Gully (J. M., M.D.) — Water-Cure 
in Chronic Diseases. An Exposition 
of the Causes, Progress, and Termination 
of various Chronic Diseases of the Di- 
gestive Organs, Lungs, Nerves, Limbs, 
and Skin, and of their Treatment by 
Water and other Hygienic means. $1.50. 

For Girls ; A Special Physiology, or 
Supplement to the Study of General Phy- 
siology. By Mrs. E. R. Shepherd. $1.00. 
Page (C. E., M.D.)— How to Feed 
the Baby to make her Healthy and Hap- 
py. i2mo. Third edition, revised and 
enlarged. Paper, 50 cents; extra cloth, 
75 cents. 

This is the most important work ever publish- 
ed on the subject of infant dietetics. 

The Natural Cure of Consump- 

tion, Constipation, Bright's Disease, Neu- 
ralgia, Rheumatism, "Colds" (Fevers), 
etc. How these Disorders Originate, and 
How to Prevent Them. 121110, cloth, $1.00. 

Sent by Mail, post-paid. Fowler & Wells 



Gully (J. M., M.D.) and Wilson 
(James, M. D.)— Practice of the 
Water-Cure, with Authenticated Evi- 
dence of its Efficacy and Safety. Con- 
taining a Detailed Account of the various 
Processes used in the Water Treatment, 
a Sketch of the History and Progress of 
the Water-Cure. 50 cents. 

Jacques (D. H., M.D.)— The Tem- 

PERAMENTS; or, Varieties of Physical 
Constitution in Man, considered in their 
relation to Mental Character and Practical 
Affairs of Life. With an Introduction 
by H. S. Drayton, A.M., Editor of the 
Phrenological Journal. 150 Portraits 
and other Illustrations. $1.50. 
The only work on the Temperaments now be- 
fore the public, and treats of this important 
subject in a most comprehensive manner, show- 
ing its bearings on marriage, education and 
training of children, occupation, health and 
disease, heredity, etc., all illustrated with por- 
traits from life. It tells how to cultivate or re- 
strain temperamental tendencies, and is a work 
which should be in the hands of every student 
of human nature. 

How to Grow Handsome, or 

Hints toward Physical Perfection, and 
the Philosophy of Human Beauty, show- 
ing How to Acquire and Retain Bodily 
Symmetry, Health, and Vigor, secure 
Long Life, and Avoid the Infirmities and 
Deformities of Age. New Edition. $1.00. 

Johnson (Edward, M.D.) — Domes- 
Tic Practice of Hydropathy, with 
Fifteen Engraved Illustrations of impor- 
tant subjects, from Drawings by Dr. How- 
ard Johnson. $1.50. 

White (Wm., M.D.)— Medical Elec- 
tricity. — A Manual for Students, show- 
ing the most Scientific and Rational Ap- 
plication to all forms of Diseases, of the 
different Combinations of Electricity, 
Galvanism, Electro-Magnetism, Magneto- 
Electricity, and Human Magnetism. 
i2mo, $2.00. 

Transmission ; or, Variations of Char- 
acter Through the Mother. By Georg- 
IANA B. Kirby. 25 cts.; cloth, 50 cts. 



Publishers, 753 Broadway, New York. 



WORKS ON HEALTH AND HYGIENE. 



Peck (J. L.>— The Human Feet.— 
Their Shape, Dress, and Proper Care. 
Showing their Natural, Perfect Shape 
and Construction, their present Deformed 
Condition, and how Flat Feet, Distorted 
Toes, and other Defects are to be Prevent- 
ed or Corrected, with directions for Dress- 
ing; them Elegantly yet Comfortably, and 
Hints upon Various Matters relating to 
General Subjects. Illustrated. $1.00. 

Pendleton (Hester, Mrs.) — The 
Parents' Guide ; or, Human Develop- 
ment through Pre-Natal Influences and 
Inherited Tendencies. Revised Ed. $1.25. 

Pereira (Jonathan, M.D., F.R.S.)— 

Food and Diet. With observations on 
the Dietetical Regimen, suited for Dis- 
ordered States of the Digestive Organs, 
and an account of the Dietaries of some of 
the Principal Metropolitan and other Es- 
tablishments for Paupers, Lunatics, Crim- 
inals, Children, the Sick, etc. Edited by 
Charles A. Lee, M.D. $1.40. 

Shew (Joel, M.D.)— The Family 
Physician. — A Ready Prescriber and 
Hygienic Adviser. With Reference to 
the Nature, Causes, Prevention, and 
Treatment of Diseases, Accidents, and 
Casualties of every kind. With a Glossary 
and copious Index. Illustrated with nearly 
Three Hundred Engravings. $3.00. 

Letters to Women on Midwifery 

and Diseases of Women.— A Descrip- 
tive and Practical Work, giving Treat- 
ment in Menstruation and its Disorders, 
Chlorosis, Leucorrhea, Fluor Albus, Pro- 
lapsus Uteri, Hysteria, Spinal Diseases, 
and other weaknesses of Females, Preg- 
nancy and its Diseases, Abortion, Uterine 
Hemorrhage, and the General Manage- 
ment of Childbirth, Nursing, etc. $1.50. 

—-Pregnancy and Childbirth, with 
Cases showing the remarkable Effects of 
Water Treatment in Mitigating the Pains 
and Perils of the Parturient State. 50 cts. 

Tobacco : its Physical, Intellectual, 

and Moral Effects on the Human System. 
By Dr. Wm. Alcott. 15 cents. 



Shew (Joel, M.D.)— Children, their 
Hydropathic Management in Health and 
Disease. A Descriptive and Practical 
Work, designed as a Guide for Families 
and Pnysicians. $1.50. 

Sober and Temperate Life. — The 
Discourses and Letters of Louis Cornaro 
on a Sober and Temperate Life. With a 
Biography of the Author by Piero 
Maroncelli, and Notes and Appendix 
by John Burdell. Paper, 50 cents. 

The Story of a Stomach. — An Ego- 
tism by a Reformed Dyspeptic. 75 cents. 

Philosophy of the Water-Cure : a 

Development of the True Principles of 
Health and Longevity. By John Balbir- 
nie, M.D. Illustrated. With the Con- 
fessions and Observations of Sir Edward 
Lytton Bulwer. 50 cents. 

Chronic Diseases. — Especially the 
Nervous Diseases of Women. 25 cents. 

Teeth : their Structure, Disease, and 
Management, with Engravings. 25 cts. 

Consumption, its Prevention and 
Cure by the Swedish-Movement Cure. 
With Directions for its Home Application. 
By David Wark, M. D. 30 cents. 

Notes on Beauty, Vigor, and Devel- 

OPMENT ; or, How to Acquire Plumpness 
of Form, Strength of Limb and Beauty 
of Complexion, with Rules for Diet and 
Bathing, and a Series of Improved Phys- 
ical Exercises. By William Milo, of 
London. Illustrated. 10 cents. 

Facts About Tobacco. Compiled by 
Prof. E. P. Thwing. 25 cents. 

Tea and Coffee. — Their Physical, 
Intellectual, and Moral Effects on the 
Human System. By Dr. Alcott. 15 cts. 

Heredity. — Responsibility and Par- 
entage. By Rev. S. H. Piatt. 10 cts. 

Special List. — We have in addition 
to the above, Private Medical Works and 
Treatises. This Special List will be sent 
on receipt of stamp. 



Sent by Mail, post-paid. Fowler & Wells, Publishers, 753 Broadway, New York. 



WORKS ON HYGIENE BY R. T. TRALL, M.D. 



Hydiopathic Encyclopedia. — A Sys- 
tem of Hydropathy and Hygiene. Era- 
bracing Outlines of Anatomy, IUus'ed ; 
Physiology of the Human Body ; Hygi- 
enic Agencies, and the Preservation of 
Health ; Dietetics and Hydropathic Cook- 
ery ; Theory and Practice of Water-Treat- 
ment ; Special Pathology and Hydro- 
Therapeutics, including the Nature, 
Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment of all 
known Diseases ; Application of Hydrop- 
athy to Midwifery and the Nursery, with 
nearly One Thousand Pages, including a 
Glossary. Designed as a guide to Families 
and Students. With numerous Illus. 2 
vols, in one. $4. 

Uterine Diseases & Displacements. 
A Practical Treatise on the Various Dis- 
eases, Malpositions, and Structural De- 
rangements of the Uterus and its Append- 
ages. Fifty-three Colored Plates. $5. 

The Hygienic Hand-Book. — Intend- 
ed as a Practical Guide for the Sick- 
Roora. Arranged alphabetically. $1.50. 

Illustrated Family Gymnasium — 
Containing the most improved methods 
of applying Gymnastic, Calisthenic, Kine- 
sipathic and Vocal Exercises to the Devel- 
opment of the Bodily Organs, the invigor- 
ation of their functions, the preservation 
of Health, and the Cure of Diseases and 
Deformities. With illustrations. $1.50. 

The Hydropathic Cook-Book, with 
Recipes for Cooking on Hygienic Princi- 
ples. Containing also, a Philosophical 
Exposition of the Relations of Food to 
Health ; the Chemical Elements and 
Proximate Constitution of Alimentary 
Principles ; the Nutritive Properties of 
all kinds of Aliments ; the Relative Value 
of Vegetable and Animal Substances ; 
the Selection and Preservation of Dietetic 
Material, etc. $1.25. 

Fruits and Farinacea the Proper 
Food of Man. — Being an attempt to 
prove by History, Anatomy, Physiology, 
and Chemistry that the Original, Natural, 
and Best Diet of Man is derived from the 
Vegetable Kingdom. By John Smith. 
With Notes by Trall. $1.50. 

Digestion and Dyspepsia. — A Com- 
plete Explanation of the Physiology of 
the Digestive Processes, with the Symp- 
toms and Treatment of JDyspepsia and 
other Disorders. Illustrated. $1.00. 



The Mother's Hygienic Hand-Book 
for the Normal Development and Train- 
ing of Women and Children, and the 
Treatment of their Diseases. $1.00. 

Popular Physiology. — A Familiar 
Exposition of the Structures, Functions, 
and Relations of the Human System and 
the Preservation of Health. $1.25. 

The True Temperance Platform. — 

An Exposition of the Fallacy of Alcoholic 
Medication, being the substance of ad- 
dresses delivered in the Queen's Concert 
Rooms, London. Paper, 50 cents. 

The Alcoholic Controversy. — A Re- 
view of the West?ninster Review on the 
Physiological Errors of Teetotalism. 50 c. 

The Human Voice. — Its Anatomy, 
Physiology, Pathology, Therapeutics, 
and Training, with Rules of Order for 
Lyceums. 50 cents ; cloth, 75 cents. 

The True Healing Art ; or, Hygienic 

vs. Drug Medication. An Address 
delivered before the Smithsonian Institute, 
Washington, D. C. Paper, 25 cents ; 
cloth, 50 cents. 

Water-Cure for the Million.— The 
processes of Water-Cure Explained, Pop- 
ular Errors Exposed, Hygienic and Drug 
Medication Contrasted. Rules for Bath- 
ing, Dieting, Exercising, Recipes for 
Cooking, etc., etc. Directions for Home 
Treatment. Paper, 25 cts. ; cloth, 75 cts. 

Hygeian Home Cook-Book; or, 
Healthful and Palatable Food 
without Condiments. A Book of 
Recipes. Paper, 25 cts. ; cloth, 50 cts. 

Accidents and Emergencies, a guide 
containing Directions for the Treatment 
in Bleeding, Cuts, Sprains, Ruptures, 
Dislocations, Burns and Scalds, Bites of 
Mad Dogs, Choking, Poisons, Fits, Sun- 
strokes, Drowning, etc. By Alfred Smee, 
with Notes and additions by R. T. Trall, 
M.D. New and revised edition. 25 cts. 

Diseases of Throat and Lungs.— 
Including Diphtheria and Proper Treat- 
ment. 25 cents. 

The Bath.— Its History and Uses in 
Health and Disease. Paper 25c; clo., 50c 

A Health Catechism.— Questions 
and Answers. With Illustrations. 10 cts. 



Sent by Mail, post-paid. Fowler & Wells, Publishers, 753 Broadway, New York. 



MISCELLANEOUS WORKS. 



Hand-books for Home Improve- 

ment (Educational) ; comprising-, 
"How to Write," "How to Talk," 
"How to Behave," and "How to do 
Business." One i2mo vol., $2.00. 

How to Write : a Pocket Manual of 
Composition and Letter- Writing. 75 cts. 

How to Talk: a Pocket Manual of 
Conversation and Debate, with more than 
Five Hundred Common Mistakes in 
Speaking Corrected. 75 cents. 

How to Behave : a Pocket Manual 
of Republican Etiquette and Guide to 
Correct Personal Habits, with Rules for 
Debating Societies and Deliberative 
Assemblies. 75 cents. 

How to Do Business : a Pocket 
Manual of Practical Affairs, and a Guide 
to Success in Life, with a Collection of 
Legal and Commercial Forms. 75c. 

How to Read. — What and Why ; or, 
Hints, in Choosing the Best Books, with 
Classified List of Best Works in Biogra- 
phy, Criticism, Fine Arts, History, Nov- 
els, Poetry, Science, Religion, Foreign 
Languages, etc. By A. V. Petit. Clo., $1. 

How to Sing ; or, the Voice and How 
to Use it. By W. H. Daniell. 50c ; 75c. 

How to Conduct a Public Meeting ; 

or, The Chairman's Guide for Conduct- 
ing Meetings, Public and Private. 15 cts. 

Hopes and Helps for the Young of 

Both Sexes.— Relating to the Forma- 
tion of Character, Choice of Avocation, 
Health, Amusement, Music, Conversa- 
tion, Social Affections, Courtship and 
Marriage. By Weaver. $1.25. 

Aims and Aids for Girls and Young 
Women - , on the various Duties of Life. 
Including Physical, Intellectual, and Moral 
Development, Dress, Beauty, Fashion, 
Employment, Education, the Home Re- 
lations, their Duties to Young Men, Mar- 
riage, Womanhood and Happiness. $1.25. 

Ways of Life, showing the Right 
Way and the Wrong Way. Contrasting 
the High Way and the Low Way ; the 
True Way and the False Way ; the Up- 
ward Way and the Downward Way ; the 
Way of Honor and of Dishonor. 75 cts. 

The Christian Household. — Embrac- 
ing the Husband, Wife, Father, Mother, 
Child, Brother and Sister. $1.00. 



Weaver's Works for the Young, 

Comprising " Hopes and Helps for the 
Young of Both Sexes," "Aims and Aids 
for Girls and Young Women," "Ways 
of Life ; or, the Right Way and the 
Wrong Way." One vol. i2mo. $2.50. 
The Right Word in the Right Place. 
— A New Pocket Dictionary and Reference 
Book. Embracing extensive Collections 
of Synonyms, Technical Terms, Abbre- 
viations, Foreign Phrases, Chapters on 
Writing for the Press, Punctuation, Proof- 
Reading, and other Information. 75 cts. 

How to Learn Short-Hand ; or, The 

Stenographic Instructor. An Improved 
System of Short-hand Writing arranged 
specially for the use of those desirous of 
acquiring the art without the aid of a 
teacher. By Arthur M. Baker. 25 cents. 
Phonographic Note - Book. — For 
Students and Reporters. Double or Sin- 
gle ruled. 15 cents. . 

The Emphatic Diaglott, Containing 
the Original Greek Text of The New 
Testament, with an Interlineary Word- 
for-Word English Translation ; a New 
Emphatic Version based on the Interline- 
ary Translation, on the Readings of the 
Vatican Manuscript (No. 1,200. in the Vat- 
ican Library) : together with Illustrative 

' and Explanatory Foot Notes, and a copi- 
ous Selection of References ; to the whole 
of which is added a valuable Alphabetical 
Index. By Benjamin Wilson. 884 pp. 
$4.00 ; extra fine binding $5.00. 

History of Woman Suffrage. — Illus- 
trated with Steel Engravings. Edited by 
Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. An- 
thony, Matilda Joslyn Gage. Complete 
in Three Octavo Volumes. Price per Vol- 
ume, Cloth, $5.00. Sheep, $6.50. 

Life at Home ; or, The Family and 
its Members. Including Husbands and 
Wives, Parents, Children, Brothers, Sis- 
ters, Employers and Employed, The Altar 
in the House, etc. By Rev. William 
Aikman, D.D. i2mo, $1.50 ; full gilt $2. 

A New Theory of the Origin of 
Species. By Benj. G. Ferris. $1.50. 

Man in Genesis and in Geology ; or, 
the Biblical Account of Man's Creation 
tested by Scientific Theories of his Origin 
and Antiquity. By Joseph P. Thompson, 
D.D., LL.D. $1.00. 



Sent by Mai/, post-paid. Fowler & Wells, Publishers, 753 Broadway, New York. 



MISCELLANEOUS WORKS. 



The Conversion of St. Paul— By 
Geo. Jarvis Geer, D.D. In three Parts, 
ist. Its Relation to Unbelief. 2d. Its 
False Uses and True. 3d. Its Relation to 
the Church. $1.00. 

The Temperance Reformation. — Its 

History from the first Temperance Soci- 
ety in the United States to the Adoption 
of the Maine Liquor Law. $1.50. 

Man and Woman, Considered in 
their Relations to each other and to the 
World. By H. C. Pedder. Cloth, $1. 

iEsop's Fables.— With Seventy Splen- 
did Illustrations. One vol. i2mo, fancy 
cloth, gilt edges, $1. People's Edition, 
bound in boards, 25 cents. 

Pope's Essay on Man, with Illustra- 
tions and Notes by S. R. Wells. i2mo, 
tinted paper, fancy cloth, full gilt, price $1. 
People's Edition, bound in boards, 25c. 

Gems of Goldsmith: "The Travel- 
er," "The Deserted Village," " The Her- 
mit." With notes and Original Illustra- 
tions, and Biographical Sketch of the 
great author. One vol., fancy cloth, full 
gilt, $1. People's Ed., bound in boards, 25c. 

The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. 
In Seven Parts. By Samuel T. Coleridge. 
With new Illustrations by Chapman . One 
vol., fancy cloth, full gilt, $1. People's 
Ed., bound in boards, 25 cents. 

Footprints of Life ; or, Faith and Na- 
ture Reconciled. — A Poem in Three 
Parts. The Body ^ffhe Soul ; The Deity. 
Philip Harvey, M.D. $1.25. 

How to Paint. — A Complete Compen- 
dium of the Art. Designed' for the use 
of Tradesmen, Mechanics, Merchants and 
Farmers, and a Guide to the Profession- 
al Painter, Containing a plain Common- 
sense statement of the Methods employed 
by Painters to produce satisfactory results 
in Plain and Fancy Painting of every De- 
scription, including Gilding, Bronzing, 
Staining, Graining, Marbling, Varnish- 
ing, Polishing, Kalsomining, Paper Hang- 
ing, Striping, Lettering, Copying and 
Ornamenting, with Formulas for Mixing 
Paint in Oil or Water. Description of 
Various Pigments used : tools required, 
$1.00. 



The Carriage Painter's Illustrated 

Manual, containing a Treatise on the 
Art, Science, and Mystery of Coach, Car- 
riage, and Car Painting. Including the 
Improvements in Fine Gilding, Bronzing, 
Staining, Varnishing, Polishing, Copying, 
Lettering, Scrolling - , and Ornamenting. 
By F. B. Gardner. $1.00. 

How to Keep a Store, embodying 
the Experience of Thirty Years in Mer- 
chandizing. By Samuel H. Terry. $1.50. 

How to Raise Fruits. — A Hand-book. 
Being a Guide to the Cultivation and 
Management of Fruit Trees, and of 
Grapes and Small Fruits. With Descrip- 
tions of the Best and Most Popular Varie- 
ties. Illustrated. By Thomas Gregg. $1. 

How to be Weather-Wise. — A new 
View of our Weather System. By I. P. 
Noyes. $2.50. 

How to Live. — Saving and Wasting ; 
or, Domestic Economy Illustrated by the 
Life of two Families of Opposite Charac- 
ter, Habits, and Practices, full of Useful 
Lessons in Housekeeping, and Hints How 
to Live, How to Have, and How to be 
Happy, including the Story of "A Dime 
a Day," by Solon Robinson. $1.25. 

Oratory — Sacred and Secular, or the 

Extemporaneous Speaker. Including a 
Chairman's Guide for conducting Public 
Meetings according to the best Parliamen- 
tary forms. By Wm. Pittenger. $1.25. 

Homes for All ; or, the Gravel Wall. 
A New, Cheap, and Superior Mode of 
Building, adapted to Rich and Poor. 
Showing the Superiority of the Gravel 
Concrete over Brick, Stone and Frame 
Houses ; Manner of Making and Deposit- 
ing it. By O. S. Fowler. $1.25. 

The Model Potato. — Proper cultiva- 
tion and mode of cooking. 50 cents. 

Traits of Representative Men. With 
portraits. By Geo. W. Bungay. $1.50. 

Capital Punishment ; or, the Proper 

Treatment of Criminals, 10 cents. 
"Father Matthew, the Temperance Apos- 
tle," 10 cents. "Good Man's Legacy," 
10 cents. Alphabet for Deaf and Dumb, 
10 cents. 



etc. By F. B. Gardner. 
Sent by Mail, post-paid. Fowler & Wells, Publishers, 753 Broadway, New York 



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